Carbonic anhydrase IX: A tumor acidification switch in heterogeneity and chemokine regulation.
Semin Cancer Biol
; 86(Pt 3): 899-913, 2022 11.
Article
en En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-34998944
ABSTRACT
The primary physiological process of respiration produces carbon dioxide (CO2) that reacts with water molecules which subsequently liberates bicarbonate (HCO-3) and protons. Carbonic anhydrases (CAs) are the primary catalyst involved in this conversion. More than 16 isoforms of human CAs show organ or subcellular specific activity. Dysregulation of each CA is associated with multiple pathologies. Out of these members, the overexpression of membrane-bound carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX) is associated explicitly with hypoxic tumors or various solid cancers. CAIX helps tumors deal with higher CO2 by sequestering it with bicarbonate ions and helping cancer cells to grow in a comparatively hypoxic or acidic environment, thus acting as a pH adaptation switch. CAIX-mediated adaptations in cancer cells include angiogenesis, metabolic alterations, tumor heterogeneity, drug resistance, and regulation of cancer-specific chemokines. This review comprehensively collects and describe the cancer-specific expression mechanism and role of CAIX in cancer growth, progression, heterogeneity, and its structural insight to develop future combinatorial targeted cancer therapies.
Palabras clave
Texto completo:
1
Colección:
01-internacional
Banco de datos:
MEDLINE
Asunto principal:
Anhidrasas Carbónicas
/
Neoplasias
Límite:
Humans
Idioma:
En
Revista:
Semin Cancer Biol
Asunto de la revista:
NEOPLASIAS
Año:
2022
Tipo del documento:
Article
País de afiliación:
India