Optimizing Flap Harvest in Auricular Reconstruction.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: The temporoparietal fascial (TPF) and occipital cranial fascial (OCP) flaps are the mainstay of implant coverage in alloplastic auricular reconstruction. Their optimal design is critical for elevating a robust flap that ultimately leads to favorable outcomes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixteen TPF and OCP dissections were performed on 8 cadaveric specimens. Vascular anatomy and key landmarks were documented. The minimum flap size that incorporated ideal vasculature and would appropriately cover a porous polyethylene implant was measured. RESULTS: The minimum flap dimensions (length × width × base width) to cover a standard PPE auricular implants were on average 11×8.3×6.4 cm for TPF and 13.1×8.6×6.5 cm for OCP. The average axial length of the superficial temporal artery and occipital artery were 12.51 and 13.2 cm, respectively. An "occipital elbow" was located on average 8.2 cm posterior to the external acoustic canal. The postauricular fascia contained additional contributions from the occipital artery and mastoid emissary vein, which was located on average 5.9 cm posterior to the superficial temporal artery. CONCLUSIONS: This study highlights the anatomic features behind optimal TPF and OCP flap design for auricular reconstruction. Contributions to axial length and anatomic relationships of their primary arterial supply, significance of the occipital elbow as a reliable landmark for fascial dissection, and importance of the postauricular fascia and its vascular supply for flap viability are emphasized. Ultimately, the authors provide minimal dimensions for both TPF and OCP flaps to obtain adequate alloplastic implant coverage.