Deciphering the photolysis products and biological concerns of triclosan under UVC and UVA.

ABSTRACT

Triclosan (TCS) is omnipresent in the environment and has drawn increasing attention due to its potential adverse effects on human health. Direct photolysis of TCS readily occurs, especially in the surface layers of waters that receive abundant ultraviolet radiation during the daytime. However, biological concerns and the identification of toxic products during TCS photolysis have been explored limitedly. Therefore, in the present work, the structural characterization of the photolysis products by UVC and UVA were performed based on the mass spectra and fragmental ions. The results displayed that TCS was more readily eliminated by UVC than UVA, and the product species were completely different when TCS was degraded by UVC and UVA, respectively. Two products, m/z 235 and m/z 252, were produced via reductive dechlorination and nucleophilic substitution with UVC, while three dioxin-like isomer products were generated by dechlorination, cyclization and hydroxylation. Furthermore, the results of biological concerns suggested that the elimination of TCS did not represent the disappearance of biological risks. Specifically, more hazardous and photolysis products were formed during TCS photolysis with ultraviolets. For instance, the dioxin-like isomer products were highly microtoxic and genotoxic, and mildly antiestrogenic. The positive findings highlighted the biological concerns of TCS photolysis by ultraviolet radiation in the aquatic environment.