Treatment of spontaneously hypertensive rats during pregnancy and lactation with the antioxidant tempol lowers blood pressure and reduces oxidative stress.

ABSTRACT

Genetic and environmental factors interact in a complex manner in the pathogenesis of essential hypertension in humans. Oxidative stress is considered one of the more important environmental factors. We used the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) model to test whether continuous feeding with the antioxidant tempol reduces maternal oxidative stress during pregnancy and potentially contributes to the prevention of cardiovascular disease onset. Pregnant female rats were divided into control and tempol-treated groups. Tempol was continuously administered in the drinking water. The administration period lasted approximately 40 days from the confirmation of a vaginal plug until birth of the pups and their subsequent weaning. The blood pressure (BP) of each adult female was measured three times during pregnancy and post parturition. Milk was collected three times in the immediate postpartum period from nursing mother rats. Markers of oxidative stress were measured 8-hydroxyl-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) levels in milk during the experimental period, 8-OHdG levels and corticosterone levels in urine of adult and neonatal rats. The urinary level of 8-OHdG in the tempol-treated group was significantly lower than in the control group. Corticosterone levels were significantly lower in urine of neonatal rats from the tempol-treated group compared to the control group. 8-OHdG and corticosterone levels in milk of the tempol-treated group were significantly greater than in the control group. This study demonstrates that continuous administration of tempol to pregnant SHRs reduced maternal oxidative stress and contributed to reduced oxidative stress in neonatal rats.