Rahnella Aquatilis Endophthalmitis after Intravitreal Injection in an Immunocompetent Patient.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To present a novel case of exogenous Rahnella aquatilis endophthalmitis following an intravitreal injection. METHODS: Case report. RESULTS: A 74-year-old male presented with acute progressive vision loss and pain in the left eye, 5 days after an intravitreal injection for diabetic macular edema. The patient was diagnosed with exogenous endophthalmitis and empirically treated with intravitreal injections of vancomycin and ceftazidime as well as topical and oral ciprofloxacin. In follow up two days later, the patient was treated with preoperative povidone-iodine followed by prompt vitrectomy with additional vancomycin and ceftazidime due to pharmacy sterile hood issues that delayed antibiotic availability. Microbiological cultures and two mass spectrometry identification tests confirmed the diagnosis of exogenous Rahnella aquatilis endophthalmitis. Despite the presence of scattered retinal hemorrhagic infarcts involving the macula and subsequent full-thickness atrophic macular holes seen in follow up, the patient achieved a favorable anatomical and functional outcome of BCVA 20/80 at 1 year of follow-up. CONCLUSION: This case highlights the occurrence of exogenous Rahnella aquatilis endophthalmitis following an intravitreal injection for diabetic macular edema. Prompt diagnosis and treatment produced a favorable outcome relative to other typical Gram-negative Enterobacteriaceae organisms.