Computational Exploration of 1,2-Carboamine Carbonylation Catalyzed by Nickel.

ABSTRACT

Nickel-catalyzed carbonylation of alkenes is a stereoselective and regioselective method for the synthesis of amide compounds. Theoretical predictions with density functional theory calculations revealed the mechanism and origin of stereoselectivity and regioselectivity for the nickel-catalyzed carbonylation of norbornene. The carbonylation reaction proceeds through oxidative addition, migration insertion of alkenes, and subsequent reduction elimination to afford cis-carbonylation product. The C-N bond activation of amides is unfavorable because the oxidative addition ability of the C-C bond is stronger than that of the C-N bond. The determining step of stereoselectivity is the migratory insertion of the strained olefin. The structural analysis shows that steroselectivity is controlled by the steric hindrance of methyl groups to olefins and substituents to IMes in ligands.