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Relative efficacy of masks and respirators as source control for viral aerosol shedding from people infected with SARS-CoV-2: a controlled human exhaled breath aerosol experimental study.
Lai, Jianyu; Coleman, Kristen K; Tai, S-H Sheldon; German, Jennifer; Hong, Filbert; Albert, Barbara; Esparza, Yi; Rastogi, Dewansh; Srikakulapu, Aditya; Kalliomäki, Petri; Schanz, Maria; Smith, Alycia A; Sierra Maldonado, Isabel; Oertel, Molly; Fadul, Naja; Gold, T Louie; McPhaul, Kathleen; Ma, Tianzhou; Cowling, Benjamin J; Milton, Donald K.
Afiliación
  • Lai J; Maryland Institute for Applied Environmental Health, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, MD, USA.
  • Coleman KK; Maryland Institute for Applied Environmental Health, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, MD, USA.
  • Tai SS; Maryland Institute for Applied Environmental Health, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, MD, USA.
  • German J; Maryland Institute for Applied Environmental Health, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, MD, USA.
  • Hong F; Maryland Institute for Applied Environmental Health, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, MD, USA.
  • Albert B; Maryland Institute for Applied Environmental Health, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, MD, USA.
  • Esparza Y; Maryland Institute for Applied Environmental Health, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, MD, USA.
  • Rastogi D; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA.
  • Srikakulapu A; Maryland Institute for Applied Environmental Health, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, MD, USA.
  • Kalliomäki P; Maryland Institute for Applied Environmental Health, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, MD, USA.
  • Schanz M; Maryland Institute for Applied Environmental Health, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, MD, USA.
  • Smith AA; Maryland Institute for Applied Environmental Health, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, MD, USA.
  • Sierra Maldonado I; Maryland Institute for Applied Environmental Health, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, MD, USA.
  • Oertel M; Maryland Institute for Applied Environmental Health, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, MD, USA.
  • Fadul N; Maryland Institute for Applied Environmental Health, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, MD, USA.
  • Gold TL; Maryland Institute for Applied Environmental Health, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, MD, USA.
  • McPhaul K; Maryland Institute for Applied Environmental Health, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, MD, USA.
  • Ma T; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, MD, USA.
  • Cowling BJ; World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Control, School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.
  • Milton DK; Maryland Institute for Applied Environmental Health, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, MD, USA. Electronic address: dmilton@umd.edu.
EBioMedicine ; 104: 105157, 2024 Jun.
Article en En | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38821778
ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND:

Tight-fitting masks and respirators, in manikin studies, improved aerosol source control compared to loose-fitting masks. Whether this translates to humans is not known.

METHODS:

We compared efficacy of masks (cloth and surgical) and respirators (KN95 and N95) as source control for SARS-CoV-2 viral load in exhaled breath of volunteers with COVID-19 using a controlled human experimental study. Volunteers (N = 44, 43% female) provided paired unmasked and masked breath samples allowing computation of source-control factors.

FINDINGS:

All masks and respirators significantly reduced exhaled viral load, without fit tests or training. A duckbill N95 reduced exhaled viral load by 98% (95% CI 97%-99%), and significantly outperformed a KN95 (p < 0.001) as well as cloth and surgical masks. Cloth masks outperformed a surgical mask (p = 0.027) and the tested KN95 (p = 0.014).

INTERPRETATION:

These results suggest that N95 respirators could be the standard of care in nursing homes and healthcare settings when respiratory viral infections are prevalent in the community and healthcare-associated transmission risk is elevated.

FUNDING:

Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, and The Flu Lab.
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Texto completo: 1 Colección: 01-internacional Banco de datos: MEDLINE Asunto principal: Carga Viral / Respiradores N95 / SARS-CoV-2 / COVID-19 / Máscaras Límite: Adult / Female / Humans / Male / Middle aged Idioma: En Revista: EBioMedicine Año: 2024 Tipo del documento: Article País de afiliación: Estados Unidos
Texto completo
Imprimir
XML
PubMed Links
Buscar en Google

Texto completo: 1 Colección: 01-internacional Banco de datos: MEDLINE Asunto principal: Carga Viral / Respiradores N95 / SARS-CoV-2 / COVID-19 / Máscaras Límite: Adult / Female / Humans / Male / Middle aged Idioma: En Revista: EBioMedicine Año: 2024 Tipo del documento: Article País de afiliación: Estados Unidos