Effects of Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation on Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Clinical Symptom Burden in Long COVID: Results from the COVID-Rehab Randomized Controlled Trial.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effectiveness of an eight-week cardiopulmonary rehabilitation program on cardiorespiratory fitness (VO2peak) and key cardiopulmonary exercise test measures, quality of life, and symptom burden in individuals with Long COVID. DESIGN: Forty individuals with Long COVID (mean age 53 ± 11 years), were randomized into 2 groups 1/ Rehabilitation group centre-based individualized clinical rehabilitation program (8 weeks, 3 sessions per week of aerobic and resistance exercises, and daily inspiratory muscle training) and 2/ Control group individuals maintained their daily habits during an eight-week period. RESULTS: There was a significant difference between groups in mean VO2peak improvement (p = 0.003). VO2peak improved significantly in the rehab group (+2.7 mL.kg.min 95%IC+1.6 to +3.8 p < 0.001) compared to the control group (+0.3 mL.kg.min 95%IC-0.8 to +1.3 p = 0.596), along withVE/VCO2 slope (p = 0.032) (-2.4 95%IC-4.8 to +0.01 p = 0.049 and + 1.3 95%IC-1.0 to +3.6 p = 0.272 respectively) and VO2 at first ventilatory threshold (p = 0.045). Furthermore, all symptom impact scales improved significantly in the rehabilitation group compared to the control group (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: An individualized and supervised cardiopulmonary rehabilitation program was effective in improving cardiorespiratory fitness, ventilatory efficiency, and symptom burden in individuals with Long COVID. Careful monitoring of symptoms is important to appropriately tailor and adjust rehabilitation sessions.