Integrating Molecular Biology and Network Pharmacology to Analyze the Antidepressant Mechanism of Glycyrrhizaglabra.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Antidepressants have adverse effects and induce drug resistance when used excessively or frequently. Therefore, adjuvants are needed to reduce the use of antidepressants during treatment. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is an important adjunctive approach to depression with safety, environmental protection, and low toxicity. Glycyrrhizaglabra (licorice, GG) is a plant commonly used in various herbal remedies. METHOD: We investigated the antidepressant activity of GG, its active constituents, and potential depression-related targets. We combined animal behavioral and molecular biological assays with network pharmacology to analyze the antidepressant mechanism of GG. GG extracts reversed lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced depression-like behavior in behavioral tests. We selected 56 active compounds and 695 target compounds of licorice from TCMSP. The PPI network screened 80 core targets for enrichment analysis. It shows that GG significantly affected neurodegeneration pathways, neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction, cAMP signaling pathway, serotonergic synapse, dopaminergic synapse, and MAPK signaling pathway. RESULT: Mechanistic studies showed that GG reduced IL-1ß, IL-6, and TNF-α levels, 5-HTRA1 expression, and GSK3ß phosphorylation in mouse hippocampus. It also increased BDNF and DRD1 expression and CREB and ERK1/2 phosphorylation. CONCLUSION: It shows that GG acted on these proteins to affect multiple pathways that mediate the pathogenesis of depression.