[Effect of bronchial drainage on the improvement in gas exchange observed in ventral decubitus in ARDS]. / Influence du drainage bronchique dans l'amélioration des échanges gazeux observée en décubitus ventral au cours du SDRA.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: A bronchial secretion draining effect is frequently suggested as a mechanism for oxygenation improvement during prone positioning (PP) in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Nevertheless, it has never really been evaluated. The aim of this study was to search for an interrelationship between the volume of the bronchial secretion and the improvement of the PaO2/FIO2 ratio during prone positioning, with NO inhalation or not. STUDY DESIGN: Open prospective clinical study. PATIENTS The study included 15 consecutive patients with severe ARDS (PaO2/FIO2 < 200 after alveolar recruitment, Murray score > 2.5). METHODS: They were returned to the prone position for 4 hours (h0-h4) combined with an inhalation of 5 ppm NO during 1 hour (h2-h3). Tracheal suction were performed hourly between h-2 and h6 and weighed on a precision scale from h-1 to h6. Haemodynamic, blood gas and respiratory compliance were recorded at h0, h2, h3, h4 and h6. RESULTS: No significant haemodynamic changes were observed in the various phases. Compared with the baseline condition at h0, PP and PP + NO respectively improved PaO2/FIO2 by 102 +/- 62% at h2 (P < 0.005) and 156 +/- 79% at h3 (P < 0.005/h0 and < 0.01/h2). 14/15 patients responded to PP and 15/15 to PP + NO (gain in PaO2/FIO2 > 10%). Concerning secretions, we collected 3.0 +/- 7.5 g, 4.4 +/- 6.1 g, 1.7 +/- 1.4 g and 1.7 +/- 1.6 between h-2 and h0, h0 and h2, h2 and h4, h4 and h6. Individual assessments showed no relationship between the PaO2/FIO2 evolution at any time and the quantity of secretions obtained during the first 2 hours in the prone position. Six patients presented secretions of less than 1 g between h0 and h2, and for whom the improvement in oxygenation was higher than average (115 +/- 53% at h2). CONCLUSION: In patients with little or moderate secretions, the improvement observed in oxygenation, with or without NO, does not depend on their volume.