Oral contraceptives and skin neoplasia.
Contraception
; 43(6): 653-66, 1991 Jun.
Article
em En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-1868736
ABSTRACT
PIP: Evidence from case-control and cohort studies and animal research is reviewed to examine whether oral contraceptive (OC) use is related to cancer of the kidney, colon, rectum, gall bladder, extrahepatic bile ducts, benign or malignant pituitary tumors or prolactinemia. While animal research suggests possible hormone sensitivity, there are only 2 cohort studies available on renal adeno-carcinoma; result are contradictory. Colon and rectal cancer are sometimes studied separately and sometimes together despite different etiologic factors. Colon cancer is less common in women of higher parity, and associated with other female sex hormone related cancers. 3 case-control studies have produced no consistent results except for a possible higher risk of right colon cancer in OC users. Cohort studies on colorectal cancer resulted in very few cases and no significant increase in risk for these very common malignancies among OC users. Gallbladder cancer is associated with gallstones, a condition known to be enhanced by estrogens, yet 1 case-control study found no change in risk. In contract, cancer of the extrahepatic bile duct, usually more common in men, was found to be elevated in OC users in 1 small study. The question of pituitary tumors is complicated by difficulties in diagnosis, differentiating between hyperplasia, microadenomas, galactorrhea, prolactinemia and cycle irregularity. Basic research indicates that estrogens stimulate prolactin secretion and development of pituitary tumors. Yet of 6 case-control studies only 2 reported relative risks significantly above 1. Only 6 cases have been found in 3 large cohort studies. Therefore it is probable that any association of pituitary tumors with pills is largely due to their prescription for women with menstrual irregularity, some of whom had pre-existing pituitary adenomas.
Palavras-chave
Biliary Tract Diseases; Biology; Cancer; Case Control Studies; Cholestasis; Cohort Analysis; Comparative Studies; Contraception; Contraceptive Methods--complications; Demographic Factors; Diseases; Endocrine System; Evaluation; Family Planning; Fertility; Fertility Measurements; Gallbladder Diseases; Gastrointestinal Effects; Hepatic Effects; Hormones; Literature Review; Menstruation Disorders; Neoplasms; Neoplasms, Benign; Oral Contraceptives--complications; Parity; Physiology; Pituitary Gland; Pituitary Hormones; Population; Population Dynamics; Prolactin; Research Methodology; Risk Assessment; Risk Factors; Studies
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Coleções:
01-internacional
Base de dados:
MEDLINE
Assunto principal:
Neoplasias Cutâneas
/
Anticoncepcionais Orais
/
Melanoma
Tipo de estudo:
Etiology_studies
/
Incidence_studies
/
Observational_studies
/
Risk_factors_studies
Limite:
Female
/
Humans
Idioma:
En
Revista:
Contraception
Ano de publicação:
1991
Tipo de documento:
Article
País de afiliação:
Austrália