Interactions of Pt-ttpy with G-Quadruplexes Originating from Promoter Region of the c-myc Gene Deciphered by NMR and Gel Electrophoresis Analysis.

ABSTRACT

This study provides insights into the interactions of Pt-ttpy, that is, a metallo-organic heterocycle-comprising platinum(II) complex of terpyridine, and G-quadruplexes adopted by G-rich DNA from the transcriptional regulatory element of the c-myc gene, a well-known attractive target for artificial modulation of oncogene expression. A previously noted drug-like potential of Pt-ttpy relies on its antiproliferative activity on cancer cells and its increased selectivity for G-quadruplex binding attributed to the combination of distinct interacting modes. The predominant interaction between the herein used models of a parallel G-quadruplex exhibiting short propeller-type loops and Pt-ttpy occurs through stacking to the outer G-quartets. The presence of adenine versus thymine residue at the 5'-end overhanging region allows the coordinative binding of Pt-ttpy to the G-quadruplex structure. Interestingly, Pt-ttpy triggers the formation of the G-quadruplex even in the absence of cations. Furthermore, NMR-based characterisation revealed common structural features of Pt-ttpy-G-quadruplex complexes in the presence and absence of cations, which indicate that cations may be expelled from the cores of the corresponding structures.