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A massive core for a cluster of galaxies at a redshift of 4.3.
Miller, T B; Chapman, S C; Aravena, M; Ashby, M L N; Hayward, C C; Vieira, J D; Weiß, A; Babul, A; Béthermin, M; Bradford, C M; Brodwin, M; Carlstrom, J E; Chen, Chian-Chou; Cunningham, D J M; De Breuck, C; Gonzalez, A H; Greve, T R; Harnett, J; Hezaveh, Y; Lacaille, K; Litke, K C; Ma, J; Malkan, M; Marrone, D P; Morningstar, W; Murphy, E J; Narayanan, D; Pass, E; Perry, R; Phadke, K A; Rennehan, D; Rotermund, K M; Simpson, J; Spilker, J S; Sreevani, J; Stark, A A; Strandet, M L; Strom, A L.
Afiliação
  • Miller TB; Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada. tim.miller@yale.edu.
  • Chapman SC; Department of Astronomy, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA. tim.miller@yale.edu.
  • Aravena M; Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.
  • Ashby MLN; Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
  • Hayward CC; National Research Council, Herzberg Astronomy and Astrophysics, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada.
  • Vieira JD; Núcleo de Astronomía, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad Diego Portales, Santiago, Chile.
  • Weiß A; Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, MA, USA.
  • Babul A; Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, MA, USA.
  • Béthermin M; Center for Computational Astrophysics, Flatiron Institute, New York, NY, USA.
  • Bradford CM; Department of Astronomy, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA.
  • Brodwin M; Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, Bonn, Germany.
  • Carlstrom JE; Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada.
  • Chen CC; Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, LAM, Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille, Marseille, France.
  • Cunningham DJM; California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.
  • De Breuck C; Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA, USA.
  • Gonzalez AH; Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Missouri, Kansas City, MO, USA.
  • Greve TR; Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
  • Harnett J; Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
  • Hezaveh Y; Enrico Fermi Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
  • Lacaille K; Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
  • Litke KC; European Southern Observatory, Garching, Germany.
  • Ma J; Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.
  • Malkan M; Department of Astronomy and Physics, Saint Mary's University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.
  • Marrone DP; European Southern Observatory, Garching, Germany.
  • Morningstar W; Department of Astronomy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
  • Murphy EJ; Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, London, UK.
  • Narayanan D; School of Physics, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
  • Pass E; Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
  • Perry R; Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.
  • Phadke KA; Department of Physics and Astronomy, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
  • Rennehan D; Steward Observatory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.
  • Rotermund KM; Department of Astronomy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
  • Simpson J; Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
  • Spilker JS; Steward Observatory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.
  • Sreevani J; Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
  • Stark AA; National Radio Astronomy Observatory, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
  • Strandet ML; Department of Astronomy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
  • Strom AL; Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.
Nature ; 556(7702): 469-472, 2018 04.
Article em En | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29695849
ABSTRACT
Massive galaxy clusters have been found that date to times as early as three billion years after the Big Bang, containing stars that formed at even earlier epochs1-3. The high-redshift progenitors of these galaxy clusters-termed 'protoclusters'-can be identified in cosmological simulations that have the highest overdensities (greater-than-average densities) of dark matter4-6. Protoclusters are expected to contain extremely massive galaxies that can be observed as luminous starbursts 7 . However, recent detections of possible protoclusters hosting such starbursts8-11 do not support the kind of rapid cluster-core formation expected from simulations 12 the structures observed contain only a handful of starbursting galaxies spread throughout a broad region, with poor evidence for eventual collapse into a protocluster. Here we report observations of carbon monoxide and ionized carbon emission from the source SPT2349-56. We find that this source consists of at least 14 gas-rich galaxies, all lying at redshifts of 4.31. We demonstrate that each of these galaxies is forming stars between 50 and 1,000 times more quickly than our own Milky Way, and that all are located within a projected region that is only around 130 kiloparsecs in diameter. This galaxy surface density is more than ten times the average blank-field value (integrated over all redshifts), and more than 1,000 times the average field volume density. The velocity dispersion (approximately 410 kilometres per second) of these galaxies and the enormous gas and star-formation densities suggest that this system represents the core of a cluster of galaxies that was already at an advanced stage of formation when the Universe was only 1.4 billion years old. A comparison with other known protoclusters at high redshifts shows that SPT2349-56 could be building one of the most massive structures in the Universe today.
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Texto completo: 1 Coleções: 01-internacional Base de dados: MEDLINE Idioma: En Revista: Nature Ano de publicação: 2018 Tipo de documento: Article País de afiliação: Canadá
Texto completo
Imprimir
XML
PubMed Links
Buscar no Google

Texto completo: 1 Coleções: 01-internacional Base de dados: MEDLINE Idioma: En Revista: Nature Ano de publicação: 2018 Tipo de documento: Article País de afiliação: Canadá