Evaluation of strategies to enhance ammoniacal nitrogen tolerance by cyanobacteria.

ABSTRACT

In anaerobic digestion of agro-industrial effluents and livestock wastes, concentrations of ammoniacal nitrogen above 800 mg L-1 are reported to lead to the eutrophication of water bodies. Through the metabolic versatility of microalgae, this nitrogen source can be used and removed, producing carotenoids, phycobiliproteins, polyhydroxyalkanoates, and fatty acids of industrial interest. The challenge of making it feasible is the toxicity of ammoniacal nitrogen to microalgae. Therefore, three strategies were evaluated. The first one was to find species of cyanobacteria with high ammoniacal nitrogen removal efficiency comparing Arthrospira platensis, Synechocystis D202, and Spirulina labyrinthiformis cultivations. The most promising species was cultivated in the second strategy, where cell acclimatization and increasing of the inoculum were evaluated. The cultivation condition that culminated in the best efficiency of ammoniacal nitrogen removal was combined with the third strategy, which consisted of conducting the fed-batch bioprocess. In the batch mode, ammoniacal nitrogen was supplied only once in one fed and was present in high initial concentrations. In fed-batch, multiple feedings with low concentrations of ammoniacal nitrogen were used to decrease the inhibitory effect of ammoniacal nitrogen. Arthrospira platensis showed high potential for ammoniacal nitrogen removal. Using the highest initial cell concentration of Arthrospira platensis cultivated by fed-batch, an increase in the consumption of NH3 to 165.1 ± 1.8 mg L-1 and an ammoniacal nitrogen removal efficiency close to 90% were observed. Under this condition, 180.52 ± 11.67 mg g-1 of phycocyanin was attained. Also, the fed-batch cultivations have the potential to reduce the biomass cost production by 33% in comparison to batch experiments.