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Three-dimensional topological magnetic monopoles and their interactions in a ferromagnetic meta-lattice.
Rana, Arjun; Liao, Chen-Ting; Iacocca, Ezio; Zou, Ji; Pham, Minh; Lu, Xingyuan; Subramanian, Emma-Elizabeth Cating; Lo, Yuan Hung; Ryan, Sinéad A; Bevis, Charles S; Karl, Robert M; Glaid, Andrew J; Rable, Jeffrey; Mahale, Pratibha; Hirst, Joel; Ostler, Thomas; Liu, William; O'Leary, Colum M; Yu, Young-Sang; Bustillo, Karen; Ohldag, Hendrik; Shapiro, David A; Yazdi, Sadegh; Mallouk, Thomas E; Osher, Stanley J; Kapteyn, Henry C; Crespi, Vincent H; Badding, John V; Tserkovnyak, Yaroslav; Murnane, Margaret M; Miao, Jianwei.
Afiliação
  • Rana A; Department of Physics & Astronomy and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
  • Liao CT; STROBE Science and Technology Center, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO, USA.
  • Iacocca E; STROBE Science and Technology Center, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO, USA.
  • Zou J; JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO, USA.
  • Pham M; Department of Mathematics, Physics, and Electrical Engineering, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
  • Lu X; Center for Magnetism and Magnetic Nanostructures, University of Colorado, Colorado Springs, CO, USA.
  • Subramanian EC; Department of Physics & Astronomy and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
  • Lo YH; STROBE Science and Technology Center, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO, USA.
  • Ryan SA; Department of Mathematics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
  • Bevis CS; Department of Physics & Astronomy and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
  • Karl RM; School of Physical Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
  • Glaid AJ; STROBE Science and Technology Center, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO, USA.
  • Rable J; JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO, USA.
  • Mahale P; Department of Physics & Astronomy and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
  • Hirst J; STROBE Science and Technology Center, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO, USA.
  • Ostler T; STROBE Science and Technology Center, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO, USA.
  • Liu W; JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO, USA.
  • O'Leary CM; STROBE Science and Technology Center, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO, USA.
  • Yu YS; JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO, USA.
  • Bustillo K; STROBE Science and Technology Center, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO, USA.
  • Ohldag H; JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO, USA.
  • Shapiro DA; Departments of Chemistry, Physics, Materials Science and Engineering and Materials Research Institute, Penn State University, University Park, PA, USA.
  • Yazdi S; Departments of Chemistry, Physics, Materials Science and Engineering and Materials Research Institute, Penn State University, University Park, PA, USA.
  • Mallouk TE; Departments of Chemistry, Physics, Materials Science and Engineering and Materials Research Institute, Penn State University, University Park, PA, USA.
  • Osher SJ; Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
  • Kapteyn HC; Materials and Engineering Research Institute, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, UK.
  • Crespi VH; Materials and Engineering Research Institute, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, UK.
  • Badding JV; Department of Physics and Mathematics, University of Hull, Hull, UK.
  • Tserkovnyak Y; Department of Physics & Astronomy and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
  • Murnane MM; STROBE Science and Technology Center, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO, USA.
  • Miao J; Department of Physics & Astronomy and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Nat Nanotechnol ; 18(3): 227-232, 2023 Mar.
Article em En | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36690739
ABSTRACT
Topological magnetic monopoles (TMMs), also known as hedgehogs or Bloch points, are three-dimensional (3D) non-local spin textures that are robust to thermal and quantum fluctuations due to the topology protection1-4. Although TMMs have been observed in skyrmion lattices1,5, spinor Bose-Einstein condensates6,7, chiral magnets8, vortex rings2,9 and vortex cores10, it has been difficult to directly measure the 3D magnetization vector field of TMMs and probe their interactions at the nanoscale. Here we report the creation of 138 stable TMMs at the specific sites of a ferromagnetic meta-lattice at room temperature. We further develop soft X-ray vector ptycho-tomography to determine the magnetization vector and emergent magnetic field of the TMMs with a 3D spatial resolution of 10 nm. This spatial resolution is comparable to the magnetic exchange length of transition metals11, enabling us to probe monopole-monopole interactions. We find that the TMM and anti-TMM pairs are separated by 18.3 ± 1.6 nm, while the TMM and TMM, and anti-TMM and anti-TMM pairs are stabilized at comparatively longer distances of 36.1 ± 2.4 nm and 43.1 ± 2.0 nm, respectively. We also observe virtual TMMs created by magnetic voids in the meta-lattice. This work demonstrates that ferromagnetic meta-lattices could be used as a platform to create and investigate the interactions and dynamics of TMMs. Furthermore, we expect that soft X-ray vector ptycho-tomography can be broadly applied to quantitatively image 3D vector fields in magnetic and anisotropic materials at the nanoscale.
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Texto completo: 1 Coleções: 01-internacional Base de dados: MEDLINE Idioma: En Revista: Nat Nanotechnol Ano de publicação: 2023 Tipo de documento: Article País de afiliação: Estados Unidos
Texto completo
Imprimir
XML
PubMed Links
Buscar no Google

Texto completo: 1 Coleções: 01-internacional Base de dados: MEDLINE Idioma: En Revista: Nat Nanotechnol Ano de publicação: 2023 Tipo de documento: Article País de afiliação: Estados Unidos