Differential Analysis of Blood Routine Examination Parameters in Patients with Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding and Lower Gastrointestinal Bleeding.

ABSTRACT

Background: This study addresses the critical need for differentiating between upper and lower gastrointestinal bleeding by focusing on blood routine parameters to enhance diagnostic precision. Objective: This study aims to identify and compare specific blood routine parameters to determine their efficacy in distinguishing between upper and lower gastrointestinal bleeding for improved clinical decision-making. Methods: This retrospective study analyzed 119 patients with gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB) admitted to our hospital between January 2017 and June 2020. Among them, 86 were diagnosed with upper GIB (UGIB) and 33 with lower GIB (LGIB). After admission, peripheral blood samples were collected for a comprehensive blood routine examination, including white blood cell count (WBC), red blood cell count (RBC), hemoglobin (Hb), platelet count (PLT), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine (Cr), and BUN to Cr ratio (BUN/Cr ratio). Differences in blood routine parameters were compared between the UGIB and LGIB groups. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was conducted to assess the efficacy of blood routine examinations in differentiating between UGIB and LGIB. Results: The study revealed no significant differences in WBC and Cr levels between LGIB and UGIB patients (P > .05). However, UGIB patients exhibited statistically lower levels of RBC, Hb, and PLT, along with higher BUN and BUN/Cr ratio levels compared to LGIB patients (P < .05). Pearson correlation coefficient analysis indicated an inverse correlation of BUN/Cr with RBC, Hb, and PLT in GIB patients and a positive association between BUN/Cr and BUN (P < .05). ROC analysis demonstrated that RBC, Hb, PLT, BUN, and BUN/Cr ratios were effective in distinguishing UGIB from LGIB (P < .05). Conclusions: Blood routine parameters, including RBC, Hb, PLT, BUN, and BUN/Cr ratio, are valuable in differentiating between UGIB and LGIB. These parameters can serve as early evaluation indexes for GIB, facilitating timely intervention and treatment to enhance therapeutic outcomes.