High enrichment factors in chemical analysis of progestins and in bioassays: insights beyond trace levels.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int
; 31(26): 38500-38511, 2024 Jun.
Article
em En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-38806985
ABSTRACT
Concerns are growing about adverse effects of progestins on biota, even at ultra-trace concentrations. The enrichment factor (EF) from extraction of analytes in environmental samples that is needed for sample pre-concentration can affect not only performance of the analytical method but also the matrix effect. Therefore, the present study aimed to assess the influence of high sample EF on performance of the high-performance liquid chromatography with atmospheric pressure chemical ionization and photoionization coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry (HPLC-APCI/APPI-HRMS) method for analysis of progestins in waste water treatment plant (WWTP) effluents and surface waters and analysis of (anti-)progestogenic activities measured by (anti-)PR-CALUX bioassays. The results showed that HPLC-APCI/APPI-HRMS coupled with solid-phase extraction and a high EF (33,333 Lwater/Lextract) enabled the detection of more compounds compared to samples with lower sample EF (10,000 Lwater/Lextract). The matrix effect did not increase proportionally compared to lower EFs (10,000 and 16,666 Lwater/Lextract), and lower limits of quantification were achieved in WWTP effluents and surface waters. The results of bioassays have shown that relative EF of 25 Lwater/Lbioassay appears high enough to detect progestogenic activity in treated waste water. Our study is one of the first to provide insights into sample pre-concentration in analysis of progestins and progestogenicity in aquatic environments.
Palavras-chave
Texto completo:
1
Coleções:
01-internacional
Base de dados:
MEDLINE
Assunto principal:
Progestinas
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Poluentes Químicos da Água
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Bioensaio
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Monitoramento Ambiental
Idioma:
En
Revista:
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int
/
Environ. sci. pollut. res. int. (Internet)
/
Environmental science and pollution research international (Internet)
Assunto da revista:
SAUDE AMBIENTAL
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TOXICOLOGIA
Ano de publicação:
2024
Tipo de documento:
Article
País de afiliação:
República Tcheca