Association between dietary inflammatory index and energy-adjusted dietary inflammatory index and constipation in US adults.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Diet and inflammation are associated with constipation. Dietary inflammation index (DII) and energy-dietary inflammation index (E-DII) have not been evaluated together with constipation. Therefore, this study was conducted to further observe the relationship between DII and E-DII and constipation in American adults. METHODS: Data were extracted from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) for 12,400 adults aged 20 years and older between 2005 and 2010. DII and E-DII were obtained by employing data from the two 24-h dietary recall of the participants. Constipation was defined and categorized using the Bristol Stool Form Scale. RESULTS: In the logistic regression model, the relationship between DII and E-DII and constipation remained positive after adjusting for confounding factors (odds ratio [OR] = 1.13; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.07-1.20 in DII logistic regression model III; odds ratio [OR] = 1.09; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.03-1.17 in E-DII logistic regression model III). Constipation was more common in quartile 4 (DII 2.87-5.09; E-DII 1.78-8.95) than in quartile 1 (DII -5.11-0.25; E-DII -2.60-0.11) (OR = 1.79, 95% CI 1.30-2.47 in DII and OR = 1.75, 95% CI 1.25-2.46 in E-DII for all participants; OR = 2.04, 95% CI 1.39-3.00 in DII OR = 2.20, 95% CI 1.39-3.47 in E-DII for males; OR = 1.86, 95% CI 1.08-3.22 and OR = 1.80, 95% CI 1.06-3.06 for females). These results were confirmed using multiple imputations. CONCLUSIONS: The findings of this study show that a high DII and E-DII were associated with an increased incidence of constipation among US adults.