A novel skeletal drug delivery system using a self-setting calcium phosphate cement. 5. Drug release behavior from a heterogeneous drug-loaded cement containing an anticancer drug.

ABSTRACT

A novel drug delivery device based on a self-setting bioactive calcium phosphate cement formed from tetracalcium phosphate and dicalcium phosphate has been developed and tested in vitro using the anticancer agent 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP) as a model compound. X-ray diffraction results suggest that equimolar mixtures of the calcium phosphate salts were transformed into hydroxyapatite after being mixed with a dilute phosphoric acid solution, even in the presence of various amounts of 6-MP powder. The inclusion of 6-MP in the reaction mixture resulted in the formation of a homogeneous drug-containing cement. Alternatively, the drug was loaded after cement formation to produce a heterogeneous drug-containing pellet. In vitro drug release from both the homogeneous and heterogeneous drug-loaded cement pellets into simulated body fluid (pH 7.25, 37.0 degrees C) was measured using the rotating-disk method. Release from the homogeneous 5% drug-loaded cements did not obey the Higuchi equation. The release rate from the heterogeneous drug-loaded cements of different thicknesses (1, 2, and 3 mm) was a function of thickness, indicating that release kinetics could be controlled by the design of the cement formulation.