A novel skeletal drug delivery system using self-setting calcium phosphate cement. 2. Physicochemical properties and drug release rate of the cement-containing indomethacin.

ABSTRACT

A novel drug delivery device based on a self-setting bioactive cement formed from tetracalcium phosphate and dicalcium phosphate has been developed and tested in vitro with indomethacin as a model drug. Equimolar mixtures of the calcium phosphate powders containing 2 and 5% of indomethacin were transformed into a hydroxyapatite after being mixed with a dilute phosphoric acid solution. X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry results suggested that indomethacin transformed into an amorphous form in the pores of the cement matrix as it hardened. In vitro drug release from cement pellets into a 0.1 mol/L phosphate buffer at pH 7.40 and 37 degrees C continued for > 3 weeks. Release from 2 and 5% drug-loaded cements followed the Higuchi model equation. The drug release profiles of 5% drug-loaded cements with different thicknesses (0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 g) overlapped up to 90% drug release, indicating that the drug concentration gradient in the pore was independent of the thickness of the cement as expected from the model equation.