RESUMO
Patterns of brain activity during deception have recently been characterized with fMRI on the multi-subject average group level. The clinical value of fMRI in lie detection will be determined by the ability to detect deception in individual subjects, rather than group averages. High-dimensional non-linear pattern classification methods applied to functional magnetic resonance (fMRI) images were used to discriminate between the spatial patterns of brain activity associated with lie and truth. In 22 participants performing a forced-choice deception task, 99% of the true and false responses were discriminated correctly. Predictive accuracy, assessed by cross-validation in participants not included in training, was 88%. The results demonstrate the potential of non-linear machine learning techniques in lie detection and other possible clinical applications of fMRI in individual subjects, and indicate that accurate clinical tests could be based on measurements of brain function with fMRI.
Assuntos
Encéfalo/fisiologia , Detecção de Mentiras/psicologia , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética/métodos , Adulto , Inteligência Artificial , Humanos , Processamento de Imagem Assistida por Computador , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética/estatística & dados numéricos , Masculino , Dinâmica não Linear , Reprodutibilidade dos TestesRESUMO
An allele of intersex (ix5) of Drosophila melanogaster has been characterized. The genetic analysis of the allele demonstrated that like other point mutations of ix, the ix5 allele also transformed diplo-X individuals into intersexes. The ix5 mutation also affects the arrangement of sex comb bristles on the forelegs of males, although they had morphologically nearly normal male genitalia. They often fail to display a sustained pattern of courtship activity when tested. Orcein-stained squash preparations of testes from ix5 males revealed a defect in spermatogenesis. Our results, taken together with those of McRobert & Tompkins (1985), indicate that the ix+ gene also functions in male sex determination.
Assuntos
Alelos , Proteínas de Drosophila/genética , Drosophila melanogaster/genética , Fatores de Transcrição/genética , Animais , Drosophila melanogaster/fisiologia , Feminino , Fertilidade/genética , Masculino , Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura , Fenótipo , Mutação Puntual , Processos de Determinação Sexual , Comportamento Sexual AnimalRESUMO
We generalize the driven diffusive lattice gas model by using a combination of Kawasaki and Glauber dynamics. We find via Monte Carlo simulations and perturbation studies that the simplest possible generalization of the equivalence of the canonical and grand-canonical ensembles, which holds in equilibrium, does not apply for this class of nonequilibrium systems.