RESUMO
PURPOSE: To describe a patient with manifestations of ocular leech infestation. METHOD: Case report. RESULTS: The ocular foreign body was identified as a leech, Limnatis nilotica, by parasitologic examination. The leech was extracted, and the patient began using topical antibiotic and cycloplegic agents. By the third day after extraction, the patient had no obvious symptoms or signs, except for a limited subconjunctival hemorrhage, and no epithelial defect on the cornea was observed. CONCLUSIONS: Ocular leech infestation should be considered in patients with a history of swimming in streams and lakes. Attention should also be given to ocular leech infestation in the differential diagnosis of ocular trauma with iris prolapse.
Assuntos
Túnica Conjuntiva/parasitologia , Conjuntivite/parasitologia , Ectoparasitoses , Corpos Estranhos no Olho/parasitologia , Infecções Oculares Parasitárias , Sanguessugas , Administração Tópica , Animais , Antibacterianos , Criança , Túnica Conjuntiva/patologia , Conjuntivite/diagnóstico , Conjuntivite/cirurgia , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Quimioterapia Combinada/administração & dosagem , Quimioterapia Combinada/uso terapêutico , Ectoparasitoses/diagnóstico , Ectoparasitoses/etiologia , Ectoparasitoses/cirurgia , Corpos Estranhos no Olho/diagnóstico , Corpos Estranhos no Olho/cirurgia , Infecções Oculares Parasitárias/diagnóstico , Infecções Oculares Parasitárias/etiologia , Infecções Oculares Parasitárias/cirurgia , Humanos , Masculino , Midriáticos/administração & dosagem , Midriáticos/uso terapêutico , Pomadas/administração & dosagem , Pomadas/uso terapêutico , Soluções Oftálmicas , Acuidade VisualRESUMO
In this prospective study, microdrops (mean drop volume 5.6 microl) and commercially available standard drops (mean drop volume 35.4 microl) of cyclopentolate, phenylephrine and tropicamide's clinical efficacy and systemic side effects were compared. Sixty-one infants requiring diagnostic pupil dilatation were studied for pupillary diameter, systemic blood pressure, heart rate and skin flushing changes related to the instillation of mydriatic drops. Both microdrops and standard drops of the drugs produced significant increase in pupillary diameter compared with the baseline (p<0.01). In cyclopentolate and phenylephrine groups, there was no significant pupillary diameter changes between microdrops and standard drops (p>0.05). Mean blood pressure increased significantly in infants given standard drops. There was no significant change in the group that was given microdrops. In our opinion, reduced volume of mydriatics can prevent possible side effects.
Assuntos
Ciclopentolato/administração & dosagem , Midriáticos/administração & dosagem , Fenilefrina/administração & dosagem , Pupila/efeitos dos fármacos , Tropicamida/administração & dosagem , Administração Tópica , Ciclopentolato/efeitos adversos , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Hemodinâmica/efeitos dos fármacos , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Midriáticos/efeitos adversos , Soluções Oftálmicas , Fenilefrina/efeitos adversos , Estudos Prospectivos , Pupila/fisiologia , Pele/irrigação sanguínea , Pele/efeitos dos fármacos , Tropicamida/efeitos adversosRESUMO
A placebo-controlled, prospective study was undertaken to determine whether apraclonidine has an additive effect in eyes treated with timolol and pilocarpine. Twelve patients with primary open-angle glaucoma while on continuing therapy with timolol 0.5% twice daily and pilocarpine 4% four times a day in both eyes for 3 months were included in the study. A single drop of apraclonidine 1% or placebo was added to treatment with timolol and pilocarpine. Intraocular pressure (IOP) was measured on both days before a single drop of test medications in both eyes as well as 2, 4, 6, 8 and 12 h later. The fall in IOP with apraclonidine was significantly greater than with placebo at all time intervals (p < 0.05). This study suggests that apraclonidine provides an additive IOP-lowering effect to timolol and pilocarpine for at least 12 h after single-drop applications.