Your browser doesn't support javascript.
loading
Mostrar: 20 | 50 | 100
Resultados 1 - 20 de 32
Filtrar
Mais filtros

Intervalo de ano de publicação
1.
Invest Clin ; 53(2): 190-204, 2012 Jun.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22978051

RESUMO

In congenital infection by Trypanosoma cruzi, morbidity and mortality vary from asymptomatic cases to severe clinical forms of the disease. It has been found that there is no specific clinical profile in newborns infected by T. cruzi, since during intrauterine development diverse pathological changes take place, causing alterations in the serological and parasitological profiles. Some intrinsic factors of the host, such as: the placental barrier and the ability of both, mother and fetus, to develop a specific immune response to control parasite multiplication, could be involved in such differences. Another possibility includes the genetic polymorphism of T. cruzi, since it is considered that strains of greater virulence can cross the placenta more easily and are more pathogenic to the fetus and/or the neonate.


Assuntos
Doença de Chagas/congênito , Doença de Chagas/imunologia , Doenças Fetais/imunologia , Doenças Fetais/parasitologia , Doença de Chagas/transmissão , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Transmissão Vertical de Doenças Infecciosas
2.
Invest Clin ; 52(2): 150-61, 2011 Jun.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21866787

RESUMO

The objective of this study was to detect the cytokines IFN-gamma, IL-4 and IL-10 expressed by CD4+ T cells in tissues of fetal mice with acute chagasic infection. For this, we examined the fetuses of NMRI mice whose mothers were infected with 22x10(3) metacyclic trypomastigotes of the M/HOM/BRA/53/Y strain of T. cruzi and made pregnant during the acute phase of infection. For the detection and localization of inflammatory infiltrates, nest parasites, antigens of T. cruzi a nd cytokines w eused hematoxylin-eosin techniques, peroxidase-anti-peroxidase and immunofluorescence. The immunohistochemical study revealed the presence of inflammatory infiltrates and antigens with amastigote nests in fetal skeletal muscle. CD4 + T cells producing IFN-gamma, as well as deposits of IFN-gamma and IL-10, were detected in sections of placenta, heart and skeletal muscle of fetuses of mice infected, while CD4+/IL-10+ was found only in skeletal muscle; in addition, deposits of IL-4 were detected only in placentas of healthy mice. These results indicate that fetuses are capable of generating their own immune response to antigens transmitted by their mother, which induces the secretion of cytokines and that, acting in synergy with the maternal antibodies, confer them a state of protection against infection; and that the transmission of the parasite depends on factors specific to each mother, which may modify its ability to control such transmission at the placental or systemic levels.


Assuntos
Doença de Chagas/imunologia , Feto/imunologia , Imunidade Celular/imunologia , Complicações Parasitárias na Gravidez/imunologia , Animais , Feminino , Camundongos , Gravidez
3.
Invest Clin ; 52(3): 216-29, 2011 Sep.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21950193

RESUMO

In experimental leishmaniasis, the role of antibodies is not entirely clear, as some authors consider that these proteins are not involved in protection against infection. However, histopathological studies in human and experimental leishmaniasis lesions, show plasma cell infiltrates positive for IgA and secretion of IgM, IgG and IgA could mediate the formation of immune complexes with parasite antigens or self components, favoring necrosis leading to the elimination of the parasite. In this study, we determined if the serum IgA in the murine model has specific reactivity against antigens of Leishmania (Leishmania) mexicana of diagnostic utility. To do this, we used mice either susceptible or resistant to cutaneous leishmaniasis, and demonstrated by indirect ELISA that serum IgA is elevated in susceptible mice compared with that produced by resistant mice. Although other studies in murine models show that the serum IgG from mice infected with L. (L) mexicana present cross reactivity with unrelated parasite antigens derived from Trypanosoma cruzi, the analysis of the specificity of IgA by antigens of L. (L) mexicana and T. cruzi, by Western Blot, showed that the IgA serum of mice infected with T. cruzi reacts too with antigens of L. (L) mexicana. These findings suggest that IgA may be useful for the clinical management and prognosis of the disease.


Assuntos
Anticorpos Antiprotozoários/sangue , Antígenos de Protozoários/imunologia , Imunoglobulina A/sangue , Leishmania mexicana/imunologia , Leishmaniose Cutânea/imunologia , Animais , Anticorpos Antiprotozoários/imunologia , Especificidade de Anticorpos , Antígenos de Protozoários/isolamento & purificação , Reações Cruzadas , Resistência à Doença , Suscetibilidade a Doenças , Eletroforese em Gel de Poliacrilamida , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Feminino , Imunoglobulina A/imunologia , Leishmania mexicana/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Leishmaniose Cutânea/sangue , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Peso Molecular , Trypanosoma cruzi/imunologia
4.
Biomedica ; 41(1): 179-186, 2021 03 19.
Artigo em Inglês, Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33761201

RESUMO

Introduction: Belminus ferroae is a triatominae with entomophagous behavior. However, it may occasionally feed on vertebrates. Currently, there is no evidence of natural infection with Trypanosoma cruzi or the occurrence of metacyclogenesis in this species. Objective: To test T. cruzi metacyclogenesis in B. ferroae and the infectivity of their feces or intestinal contents in rodents under laboratory conditions. Materials and methods: Twenty nymphs of B. ferroae were infected with an autochthonous strain of T. cruzi (M/HOM/VE/09/P6). Fecal and urine samples were collected from spontaneous droppings or by compressing the bugs' abdomens and, eventually, by removing their gut contents, and then examined at 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60 days. We quantified T. cruzi parasitic load, as well as the evolutionary forms in feces, urine, and intestinal contents by Giemsa staining. Similarly, we evaluated the infectivity of T. cruzi metacyclic trypomastigotes in albino mice. Results: The parasitological analysis showed three insects (15%) infected with T. cruzi at 30 (n=1), 40 (n=1), and 50 (n=1) days post-infection. We observed parasitic loads of up to 1.62 x 105 trypanosomes/mm3 and metacyclogenesis percentages between 3.5% and 6.78%. Conclusions: This is the first time that T. cruzi metacyclogenesis is reported in a species of the genus Belminus under laboratory conditions and the infectivity of Belminus' feces is demonstrated on a vertebrate host.


Introducción. Belminus ferroae es un triatomino de comportamiento entomófago, sin embargo, puede alimentarse de vertebrados ocasionalmente. No se ha demostrado infección natural por Trypanosoma cruzi en esta especie, como tampoco la metaciclogénesis del parásito. Objetivo. Examinar la metaciclogénesis de T. cruzi en B. ferroae y la capacidad infectiva de las heces o sus contenidos intestinales en roedores. Materiales y métodos. Se analizaron las heces y la orina expulsadas espontáneamente por los insectos o mediante compresión abdominal o extracción del contenido intestinal a los 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 y 60 días. Se cuantificó la carga parasitaria de T. cruzi y sus formas evolutivas se identificaron con tinción de Giemsa. Asimismo, se evaluó en ratones albinos la apacidad infectiva de los tripomastigotes metacíclicos de T. cruzi obtenidos de las heces o contenidos intestinales de los especímenes infectados. Resultados. El análisis parasitológico reveló tres (15 %) insectos infectados con T. cruzi a los 30 (n=1), 40 (n=1) y 50 (n=1) días después de la infección con cargas parasitarias de hasta 1,62 x 105 tripanosomas/mm3 y porcentajes de metaciclogénesis entre el 3,5 y el 6,78 %. Conclusiones. Se demuestra por primera vez, en una especie del género Belminus, la metaciclogenésis de T. cruzi en condiciones de laboratorio y la capacidad infectiva de las heces para un huésped vertebrado.


Assuntos
Fezes/parasitologia , Triatominae/parasitologia , Trypanosoma cruzi/fisiologia , Trypanosoma cruzi/patogenicidade , Animais , Laboratórios , Masculino , Camundongos
5.
Invest Clin ; 50(3): 335-45, 2009 Sep.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19961056

RESUMO

The objective of the present study was to detect the presence of Trypanosoma cruzi DNA in the placenta and fetal tissues of NMRI mice (Mus musculus) inoculated with 22 x 10(3) trypomastigotes metacyclic of the M/HOM/BRA/53/Y strain by intraperitoneal route. Mice were pregnant in the acute phase of the infection. The course of patent parasitemia by T. cruzi was evaluated before mating and during pregnancy. At day twenty of gestation, animals were sacrificed and the fetuses and their placentas were removed to evaluate T. cruzi infection. Samples of fetal placenta, heart and skeletal muscle were fixed in 10%, formalin, included in paraffin and stained with hematoxilin and eosin (HE). The histopathological study of sections of fetal tissues revealed inflammatory infiltrates with mononuclear and polymorphonuclear cells and without parasitism in these tissues. The amplification of T. cruzi DNA by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) showed a positive reaction in 18% of placental tissue of pregnant infected mice. The samples of heart and skeletal muscle of the fetuses of mothers infected with T. cruzi did not show the presence T. cruzi DNA. The placenta and skeletal muscle of the fetuses analyzed by Peroxidase anti Peroxidase inmunostaining showed T. cruzi antigens in those tissues. Negative results by PCR in fetal tissues might be related with the virulence and tropism associated with the biological and genetic characteristic Of the T. cruzi strain used in the experimental infection of female mice.


Assuntos
Doença de Chagas/parasitologia , DNA de Protozoário/análise , Doenças Fetais/parasitologia , Feto/parasitologia , Transmissão Vertical de Doenças Infecciosas , Placenta/parasitologia , Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez/parasitologia , Trypanosoma cruzi/isolamento & purificação , Doença Aguda , Animais , Antígenos de Protozoários/análise , Doença de Chagas/imunologia , Doença de Chagas/transmissão , Feminino , Doenças Fetais/imunologia , Feto/imunologia , Coração/parasitologia , Troca Materno-Fetal , Camundongos , Músculo Esquelético/embriologia , Músculo Esquelético/imunologia , Músculo Esquelético/parasitologia , Miocárdio/imunologia , Gravidez , Trypanosoma cruzi/genética , Trypanosoma cruzi/imunologia , Virulência
6.
Invest Clin ; 48(2): 187-98, 2007 Jun.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17598642

RESUMO

Abstract. The present study examined hematological alterations and blood glucose levels variations in albino Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) with acute chagasic infection during gestation. Blood samples were taken from A, B, C and D groups of rats at 0, 6, 12 and 20 days after impregnation for hematological diagnosis and glycemia tests. Statistical analysis of the results showed significant changes (p < 0.05) in hemoglobin values (Hb) and highly significant differences (p < 0.01) in hematocrit variables (Hto): leukocyte count (LC), percentage of lymphocytes (L), neutrophils (N), number of platelets (P) and blood glucose levels. A differential count of monocytes (M) and eosinophils (E) showed no significant variations from normal levels. These changes represent important hematological and glycemia alterations, such as mild and moderate anemia, pronounced leukocytosis, lymphopenia, neutrophilia, thrombocytopenia and hypoglycemia. Finally, there is a discussion of some factors in acute chagasic infection in Wistar rats that might be augmented by parallel physiological effects produced by pregnancy.


Assuntos
Glicemia/análise , Doença de Chagas/sangue , Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez/sangue , Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez/fisiopatologia , Doença Aguda , Animais , Feminino , Gravidez , Ratos , Ratos Wistar
7.
Biomédica (Bogotá) ; Biomédica (Bogotá);41(1): 179-186, ene.-mar. 2021. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-1249070

RESUMO

Resumen | Introducción. Belminus ferroae es un triatomino de comportamiento entomófago, sin embargo, puede alimentarse de vertebrados ocasionalmente. No se ha demostrado infección natural por Trypanosoma cruzi en esta especie, como tampoco la metaciclogénesis del parásito. Objetivo. Examinar la metaciclogénesis de T. cruzi en B. ferroae y la capacidad infectiva de las heces o sus contenidos intestinales en roedores. Materiales y métodos. Se analizaron las heces y la orina expulsadas espontáneamente por los insectos o mediante compresión abdominal o extracción del contenido intestinal a los 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 y 60 días. Se cuantificó la carga parasitaria de T. cruzi y sus formas evolutivas se identificaron con tinción de Giemsa. Asimismo, se evaluó en ratones albinos la capacidad infectiva de los tripomastigotes metacíclicos de T. cruzi obtenidos de las heces o contenidos intestinales de los especímenes infectados. Resultados. El análisis parasitológico reveló tres (15 %) insectos infectados con T.cruzi a los 30 (n=1), 40 (n=1) y 50 (n=1) días después de la infección con cargas parasitarias de hasta 1,62 x 105 tripanosomas/mm3 y porcentajes de metaciclogénesis entre el 3,5 y el 6,78 %. Conclusiones. Se demuestra por primera vez, en una especie del género Belminus, la metaciclogenésis de T. cruzi en condiciones de laboratorio y la capacidad infectiva de las heces para un huésped vertebrado.


Abstract | Introduction: Belminus ferroae is a triatominae with entomophagous behavior. However, it may occasionally feed on vertebrates. Currently, there is no evidence of natural infection with Trypanosoma cruzi or the occurrence of metacyclogenesis in this species. Objective: To test T. cruzi metacyclogenesis in B. ferroae and the infectivity of their feces or intestinal contents in rodents under laboratory conditions. Materials and methods: Twenty nymphs of B. ferroae were infected with an autochthonous strain of T. cruzi (M/HOM/VE/09/P6). Fecal and urine samples were collected from spontaneous droppings or by compressing the bugs' abdomens and, eventually, by removing their gut contents, and then examined at 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60 days. We quantified T. cruzi parasitic load, as well as the evolutionary forms in feces, urine, and intestinal contents by Giemsa staining. Similarly, we evaluated the infectivity of T. cruzi metacyclic trypomastigotes in albino mice. Results: The parasitological analysis showed three insects (15%) infected with T. cruzi at 30 (n=1), 40 (n=1), and 50 (n=1) days post-infection. We observed parasitic loads of up to 1.62 x 105 trypanosomes/mm3 and metacyclogenesis percentages between 3.5% and 6.78%. Conclusions: This is the first time that T. cruzi metacyclogenesis is reported in a species of the genus Belminus under laboratory conditions and the infectivity of Belminus' feces is demonstrated on a vertebrate host.


Assuntos
Trypanosoma cruzi , Tripanossomíase , Triatominae , Doença de Chagas
8.
Invest Clin ; 44(1): 61-76, 2003 Mar.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12703184

RESUMO

In the present study, we examined the cutaneous lesions of 8 patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis, from regions situated near the rivers Chama-Mocoties, in Merida state, Venezuela. The lesions of the patients were diagnosed on the basis of clinical, parasitological and immmunological examinations. The Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) assay showed infection by Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis in cutaneous lesions samples. Histopathology of skin biopsy specimens showed inflammatory infiltrates of mononuclear and polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Granulomatous reactions and amastigotes were observed in the dermis. The histological sections of the cutaneous lesions in one patient (No. 5), showed alterations in the integrity of dermal blood vessels, leishmanial antigens on the superficial endothelium and free parasites in the capillary lumen and inside mononuclear cells. The Leishmania amastigotes also were detected in the cytoplasm of neutrophils in Giemsa-stained imprints. The skin biopsies examined using immunofluorescence (IFI) and immunoperoxidase assay (PAP), show amastigotes and antigenic material adsorbed on the vecinity of the walls of dermal microvessels. Based on these results, we concluded that in the cutaneous lesions it is possible to show the presence of intra and extracellular parasites, attached to wall of the dermal blood vessels and free, in the capillary lumen. The circulating parasites in peripheral blood may allow the possibility of developing secondary infections as well as the propagation of the infection in endemic areas of leishmaniasis, where the parasite circulates between domestic and wild reservoirs, vector insects and humans living in those areas.


Assuntos
Endotélio Vascular/patologia , Leishmania braziliensis/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Leishmaniose Cutânea/patologia , Dermatopatias Parasitárias/patologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Animais , Criança , Endotélio Vascular/parasitologia , Feminino , Imunofluorescência , Humanos , Imuno-Histoquímica , Leishmania braziliensis/genética , Leishmania braziliensis/metabolismo , Leishmaniose Cutânea/parasitologia , Leucócitos Mononucleares/patologia , Masculino , Neutrófilos/patologia , Proteínas de Protozoários/metabolismo , Dermatopatias Parasitárias/parasitologia , Venezuela
9.
Invest Clin ; 44(3): 241-54, 2003 Sep.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-14552062

RESUMO

Research on this form of transmission was carried out on female rats intradermally injected, before mating, with 1 x 10(4) metacyclic trypomastigotes of T. cruzi strains from dog (Pr) and human (YBM). The infected rats, as well as their offspring, were given parasitological, immunological and histopathological examinations during and after gestation. Healthy gestating rats were used as controls. Rats infected with T. cruzi strains showed clear signs of infection between 18 and 45 days post-inoculation (pi). Of 44 offspring from mothers infected with Pr, 4 males (9.1%) showed high parasitemia (432 and 240 tryps./mm3 of blood) at 30 and 40 days after birth, while direct blood examination, hemoculture and xenodiagnosis showed no infection in the other 40, or in the 52 offspring of rats infected with YBM. Anti-T. cruzi antibodies were found in appreciable quantities in infected mothers and in 44 out of 92 (47.8%) of the offspring, with titers that fluctuated between 1:32 and 1:2048 respectively. Histopathological studies of rats sacrificed at the end of gestation showed acute myocarditis and myositis of varying intensity and extent, characterized by abundant inflammatory infiltrate, in some cases associated with nests of amastigotes. The placentas showed moderate cellular infiltrate without parasites in the vascular stroma and amniotic fluid. The offspring of mothers infected with Chagas' disease were reinoculated and showed an acute phase characterized by low parasitemia (p < 0.05); after 60 days, the beginnings of chronic myocarditis and myositis could be observed, of a similar intensity to that observed in offspring born to infected mothers that were subsequently infected. These results confirm that T. cruzi can be transmitted vertically in Wistar rats; that a small number of offspring contract Chagasic infection congenitally; that anti-T. cruzi antibodies can pass from the mother and that these can modify the immune response in the offspring; that the pathogenicity of the strains of T. cruzi plays an important role in congenital transmission independently of origin or geographical location.


Assuntos
Doença de Chagas/transmissão , Transmissão Vertical de Doenças Infecciosas , Parasitemia/parasitologia , Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez/parasitologia , Doença Aguda , Líquido Amniótico/parasitologia , Animais , Animais Recém-Nascidos , Anticorpos Antiprotozoários/sangue , Cardiomiopatia Chagásica/parasitologia , Doença de Chagas/congênito , Doença de Chagas/imunologia , Doença de Chagas/parasitologia , Feminino , Imunidade Materno-Adquirida , Masculino , Músculo Esquelético/parasitologia , Parasitemia/congênito , Parasitemia/imunologia , Placenta/parasitologia , Gravidez , Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez/imunologia , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Trypanosoma cruzi/imunologia , Trypanosoma cruzi/isolamento & purificação , Trypanosoma cruzi/patogenicidade
10.
Bol. malariol. salud ambient ; 53(2): 146-156, dic. 2013. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-714898

RESUMO

En este estudio fue analizada la parasitemia y el parasitismo en el líquido ascítico (LA), membrana peritoneal (MP) y en otros tejidos de 40 ratones machos NMRI durante la infección aguda. Los ratones (20 ratones por grupo) fueron inoculados por vía intradérmica con tripomastigotos metacíclicos linaje T.cr I de las cepas P6 y P11 obtenidos de Rhodnius prolixus. Formas delgadas y gruesas de tripomastigotos fueron encontradas en la sangre de todos los ratones. En los ratones infectados con la cepa P6 los tripomastigotos aparecieron primero en él LA a los 13 días pi y en la sangre a los 18 días pi, en los ratones infectados con la cepa P11 los parásitos se observaron primero en la sangre a los 15 días pi y en él LA a los 22 días pi. Los ratones desarrollaron emaciación, disnea, hirsutismo, pérdida de la actividad motora de las patas posteriores y hepatoesplenomegalia. Los ratones fueron sacrificados a los 39 días pi. El estudio histológico mostró que T. cruzi prolifera formando nidos de amastigotos y tripomastigotos en la MP. Los parásitos también fueron encontrados en el músculo esquelético y en el corazón de los ratones infectados con la cepa P6. La inmunotinción con PAP reveló antígeno de T. cruzi en las secciones de esófago, estómago, intestino delgado y grueso, bazo, riñón, hígado, próstata y pene de los ratones. Estos resultados confirmaron que las cepas P6 y P11 desarrollaron anormalidades histopatológicas en el tracto gastrointestinal, renal y órgano reproductivo. La localización intra-peritoneal de los parásitos y la acumulación de fluido peritoneal, reveló ascitis y peritonitis causada por el incremento de líquido en la cavidad peritoneal y destrucción del tejido peritoneal de los ratones. El presente estudio reporta por primera vez la proliferación de tripomastigotos en la cavidad peritoneal cinco días antes de encontrarse en la sangre periférica para la cepa P6 causando daño intraperitoneal y muerte del modelo murino utilizado.


In this study we analyzed the parasitemia and parasitism in the ascitic fluid (AF), peritoneal membrane (PM) and in other tissues of 40 NMRI male mice during acute infection. Mice (20 mice per group) were inoculated by intradermal route with metacyclic trypomastigotes T.cI lineage of P6 or P11 strains obtained from Rhodnius prolixus. Slender and stout forms were observed in the blood of all mice. In infected mice with P6 strain the trypomastigotes were observed first in the AF at day 13 pi and in blood at day 18 pi. Meanwhile in infected mice with P11 strain trypomastigotes were observed first in the blood at day 15 pi and in the AF at day 22 pi. Infected mice showed emaciation, dyspnea, bristled hair, loss of motor activities in the rear limbs and hepatosplenomegaly. Mice were sacrificed at day 39 pi. Histological finding indicated that T. cruzi proliferates forming amastigotes and trypomastigotes nests in the PM. Parasites were also observed in skeletal muscle of the mice and in the heart of infected mice with P6 strain. Imunostaining with PAP revealed T. cruzi antigen in esophagus, stomach, thin and thick intestine, spleen, and kidney, liver, prostate and penis. The results show that P6 and P11 colonized and produced abnormalities in the gastrointestinal tract, renal and reproductive organs. Intra-peritoneal localization of parasites and accumulation of peritoneal fluid, revealed ascites and peritonitis caused by increase of fluid in the peritoneal cavity and destruction of the membrane peritoneal of the mice. This study reports for the first time the proliferation of trypomastigotes in the peritoneal cavity five days earlier than in peripheral blood for the P6 strain causing intra-peritoneal damage and death in the murine model used.


Assuntos
Animais , Camundongos , Doenças Transmissíveis , Doenças Peritoneais , Trypanosoma cruzi , Camundongos , Infecções por Protozoários
11.
Invest. clín ; Invest. clín;53(2): 190-204, jun. 2012. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-664576

RESUMO

En la infección congénita por Trypanosoma cruzi la morbilidad y mortalidad varían desde casos asintomáticos hasta severos cuadros clínicos de la enfermedad. En recién nacidos infectados por T. cruzi se ha encontrado que no existe un perfil clínico determinado, puesto que durante el desarrollo intrauterino se producen diversas alteraciones, presentándose cambios en el perfil serológico y parasitológico. Algunos factores intrínsecos del hospedador, tales como: la barrera placentaria y la capacidad tanto de la madre como del feto de desarrollar una respuesta inmune específica capaz de controlar la multiplicación parasitaria podrían estar involucrados en tales diferencias. Otra posibilidad incluye el polimorfismo genético de T. cruzi, pues se considera que las cepas de mayor virulencia pueden atravesar con mayor facilidad la placenta y son más patógenas para el feto y/o neonato.


In congenital infection by Trypanosoma cruzi, morbidity and mortality vary from asymptomatic cases to severe clinical forms of the disease. It has been found that there is no specific clinical profile in newborns infected by T. cruzi, since during intrauterine development diverse pathological changes take place, causing alterations in the serological and parasitological profiles. Some intrinsic factors of the host, such as: the placental barrier and the ability of both, mother and fetus, to develop a specific immune response to control parasite multiplication, could be involved in such differences. Another possibility includes the genetic polymorphism of T. cruzi, since it is considered that strains of greater virulence can cross the placenta more easily and are more pathogenic to the fetus and/or the neonate.


Assuntos
Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Doença de Chagas/congênito , Doença de Chagas/imunologia , Doenças Fetais/imunologia , Doenças Fetais/parasitologia , Doença de Chagas/transmissão , Transmissão Vertical de Doenças Infecciosas
12.
Kasmera ; 40(2): 172-185, jul. 2012. ilus, graf, mapas, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-698170

RESUMO

Se evalúa la resistencia a las reinfecciones por Trypanosoma cruzi, en crías de ratas chagásicas. Se utilizaron 30 crías machos (`) de madres infectadas y 30 crías ` de madres sanas, divididos en grupos de 10 crías c/u (I, II, III) y (IV, V, VI). Los grupos (I, IV) y (II, V) fueron inoculados y reinoculados por vía intradérmica con 5×104 tripomastigotes metacíclicos de T. cruzi Pl (homóloga) y Y (heteróloga) provenientes de Rhodnius prolixus, con intervalos de un mes. Los grupos controles (III, VI) recibieron inyecciones de solución salina fisiológica. Las pruebas parasitológicas y serológicas realizadas en ambos grupos de crías infectadas a los 10, 20 y 30 días post-inoculación (pi), mostraron parasitemias significativamente mayores en las crías de madres sanas durante la fase aguda de la primo infección y ausencia de tripanosomas sanguícolas después de la 1ra y 2da reinoculación, un incremento significativo en los niveles anticuerpos anti-T. cruzi a partir de la inoculación inicial y reinoculaciones. Los análisis histopatológicos e inmunohistoquímicos en las secciones de corazón y músculo esquelético de las crías sacrificadas a los 45, 75 y 105 días pi, revelaron instauración progresiva de una miocarditis y miositis aguda de variable intensidad acompañada de escasos nidos de amastigotes y agravamiento del cuadro patológico producido por la inoculación inicial; presencia de abundantes depósitos antigénicos que se intensificaron con las reinoculaciones. En conclusión, la resistencia de las crías de madres infectadas a las reinfecciones por cepas T. cruzi homóloga y heteróloga, es producida, primero por la transferencia vertical del parásito y/o de anticuerpos humorales desde la madre infectada a su progenie, y segundo por un proceso de sensibilización del hospedador por las continuas descargas antigénicas producidas al ser destruidos los parásitos inoculados.


The resistance to reinfection by Trypanosome cruzi in chagasic rat offspring was evaluated. Thirty male offspring (`) from infected mothers and 30 offspring ` from healthy mothers were used, divided into groups of 10 offspring each (I, II, III) and (IV, V, VI). The groups (I, IV) and (II, V) were inoculated and reinoculated by intradermal route with 5 × 104metacyclictrypomastigotes of homologous (pL) and heterologous (Y) strains of T. cruzi, from laboratory infected Rhodnius prolixus, at one-month intervals. The control groups (III, VI) received saline injections. The parasitological and serological testing performed on both groups of infected offspring at 10, 20 and 30 days post-reinoculation (pr) showed significantly higher parasitemia levels in offspring from healthy mothers during the acute phase of the primary infection, the absence of bloodstream trypomastigotes after the 1st and 2nd reinoculation, and a significant increase in anti-T. cruzi antibody levels after initial inoculation and reinoculations. The histopathological and immunohistochemical analysis of heart and skeletal muscle sections from the offspring sacrificed at 45, 75 and 105 days pi, revealed the gradual establishment of myocarditis and acute myositis of variable intensity accompanied by few nests of amastigotes, a worsening of the pathologic picture produced by the initial inoculation, and the presence of abundant antigenic deposits that intensified with the reinoculations. In conclusion, the resistance of offspring born from chm to homologous and heterologous reinfection by T. cruzi strains, is produced, first, by vertical transmission of the parasites and/or humoral antibodies from infected mothers to their progeny, and second, by a sensibilization process in the host from continuous antigenic downloads produced when the inoculated parasites are destroyed.


Assuntos
Animais , Ratos , Animais de Laboratório , Infecções Bacterianas , Infecções por Protozoários/patologia , Fatores R , Trypanosoma cruzi
13.
Invest. clín ; Invest. clín;52(2): 150-161, jun. 2011. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-664555

RESUMO

El objetivo del presente estudio fue detectar las citocinas IFN-g, IL-4 e IL-10 expresadas por células T CD4+ en tejidos de fetos de ratones con infección chagásica aguda. Para ello, se examinaron fetos de ratones NMRI cuyas madres fueron infectadas con 22×10³ tripomastigotes metacíclicos de la cepa M/HOM/BRA/53/Y de T. cruzi y preñadas durante la fase aguda de la infección. Para la detección y localización de infiltrados inflamatorios, nidos de parásitos, antígenos de T. cruzi y citocinas se emplearon las técnicas de hematoxilina-eosina, peroxidasa-anti-peroxidasa e inmunofluorescencia indirecta. Se detectaron infiltrados inflamatorios y antígenos con nidos de amastigotes en el músculo esquelético fetal. Células T CD4+ productoras de IFN-g así como depósitos de IFN-g e IL-10 fueron detectados en las secciones de placenta, corazón y músculo esquelético de fetos de ratones infectadas, mientras que células CD4+/IL-10+ se encontraron sólo en músculo esquelético, adicionalmente se detectaron depósitos de IL-4 sólo en placentas de ratones sanas. Estos resultados indican que el feto es capaz de generar una respuesta inmune propia frente a antígenos transmitidos por su madre, lo cual induce la secreción de citocinas que actuando en sinergia con los anticuerpos maternos le confieren un estado de protección contra la infección, y que la transmisión del parásito depende de factores específicos de cada madre, la cual puede modificar su capacidad de controlar tal transmisión ya sea a nivel placentario o sistémico.


The objective of this study was to detect the cytokines IFN-g, IL-4 and IL-10 expressed by CD4+ T cells in tissues of fetal mice with acute chagasic infection. For this, we examined the fetuses of NMRI mice whose mothers were infected with 22×10³ metacyclic trypomastigotes of the M/HOM/BRA/53/Y strain of T. cruzi and made pregnant during the acute phase of infection. For the detection and localization of inflammatory infiltrates, nest parasites, antigens of T. cruzi and cytokines we used hematoxylin-eosin techniques, peroxidase-anti-peroxidase and immunofluorescence. The immunohistochemical study revealed the presence of inflammatory infiltrates and antigens with amastigote nests in fetal skeletal muscle. CD4 + T cells producing IFN-g, as well as deposits of IFN-g and IL-10, were detected in sections of placenta, heart and skeletal muscle of fetuses of mice infected, while CD4+/IL-10+ was found only in skeletal muscle; in addition, deposits of IL-4 were detected only in placentas of healthy mice. These results indicate that fetuses are capable of generating their own immune response to antigens transmitted by their mother, which induces the secretion of cytokines and that, acting in synergy with the maternal antibodies, confer them a state of protection against infection; and that the transmission of the parasite depends on factors specific to each mother, which may modify its ability to control such transmission at the placental or systemic levels.


Assuntos
Animais , Feminino , Camundongos , Gravidez , Doença de Chagas/imunologia , Feto/imunologia , Imunidade Celular/imunologia , Complicações Parasitárias na Gravidez/imunologia
14.
Bol. malariol. salud ambient ; 51(2): 237-240, dez. 2011. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-630472

RESUMO

Se reporta la presencia de formas evolutivas de Trypanosoma cruzi en el plasma seminal (PS) de ratones NMRI, inoculados por vía subcutánea con 2x104 tripomastigotes metacíclicos cepa P6 obtenidos de Rhodnius prolixus. Al separar las muestras de sangre a los 15 días pos-infección, un ratón eyaculó espontáneamente y el examen directo del PS reveló la presencia de formas epimastigotes de T. cruzi en activo movimiento mezclados con los espermatozoides. Las preparaciones del PS coloreadas con Giemsa, mostraron formas epimastigotes libres y en división, tripomastigotes y amastigotes extracelulares y dentro de células fagocíticas. Los resultados de este estudio revelaron los diferentes estadios de T. cruzi en el PS de ratón, con morfogénesis similar a como ocurre en el insecto vector. El parasitismo encontrado en el PS del ratón con infección aguda, aporta importante información epidemiológica sobre la vía de transmisión sexual de T. cruzi, principalmente entre la población de reservorios silvestres que se encuentran en áreas endémicas y no endémicas para la enfermedad de Chagas.


We report the presence of evolving forms of Trypanosoma cruzi in the seminal plasma (SP) of NMRI mice subcutaneously inoculated with 2x104 metacyclic trypomastigotes obtained from P6 strain Rhodnius prolixus. When taking blood samples at 15 days post-infection, the mouse spontaneously ejaculated and the direct SP exam revealed the presence of active epimastigotes of T. cruzi mixed with spermatozoids. SP preparations stained with Giemsa showed free and dividing epimastigotes, extracellular trypomastigotes and amastigotes, as well as, within phagocytic cells. The results showed the presence of T. cruzi at the different stages of its life cycle in the mouse PS, observing similar morphogenesis in the PS to the one known in the insect vector. The parasitism found in the SP of this mouse with acute infection, provides important epidemiological information about the T. cruzi pathway of sexual transmission, mainly among the population of wild reservoirs found in endemic and non-endemic areas for Chagas`disease.


Assuntos
Animais , Doença de Chagas , Camundongos , Proteínas de Plasma Seminal , Trypanosoma cruzi , Infecções , Plasma
15.
Invest. clín ; Invest. clín;52(3): 216-229, sep. 2011. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-659212

RESUMO

En la leishmaniosis experimental, la función de los anticuerpos no está completamente clara, ya que algunos autores consideran que dichas proteínas no participan en la protección contra la infección; sin embargo, estudios histopatológicos en lesiones con leishmaniosis humana y experimental, muestran infiltrados de células plasmáticas positivas para IgA y secreción de IgM, IgG e IgA que podrían mediar la formación de complejos inmunológicos con antígenos parasitarios o propios, favoreciendo la necrosis lo que conlleva a la eliminación del parásito. En este trabajo se determinó si la IgA sérica en el modelo murino posee reactividad específica contra antígenos de Leishmania (Leishmania) mexicana de utilidad diagnóstica. Para ello, se utilizaron ratones susceptibles y resistentes a leishmaniosis cutánea, demostrándose mediante ELISA indirecta que la IgA sérica de ratones susceptibles es elevada en comparación con la producida por ratones resistentes. Aunque otros estudios en modelos murinos demuestran que la IgG sérica de ratones infectados con L. (L) mexicana presenta reactividad cruzada con antígenos parasitarios no relacionados obtenidos de Trypanosoma cruzi, al analizar la especificidad de IgA por antígenos de L. (L) mexicana y T. cruzi, mediante Western Blot, se demostró que la IgA sérica de ratones infectados con T. cruzi también reaccionan con antígenos de L. (L) mexicana, estos hallazgos sugieren que la IgA puede ser útil para el manejo clínico y pronóstico de la enfermedad.


In experimental leishmaniasis, the role of antibodies is not entirely clear, as some authors consider that these proteins are not involved in protection against infection. However, histopathological studies in human and experimental leishmaniasis lesions, show plasma cell infiltrates positive for IgA and secretion of IgM, IgG and IgA could mediate the formation of immune complexes with parasite antigens or self components, favoring necrosis leading to the elimination of the parasite. In this study, we determined if the serum IgA in the murine model has specific reactivity against antigens of Leishmania (Leishmania) mexicana of diagnostic utility. To do this, we used mice either susceptible or resistant to cutaneous leishmaniasis, and demonstrated by indirect ELISA that serum IgA is elevated in susceptible mice compared with that produced by resistant mice. Although other studies in murine models show that the serum IgG from mice infected with L. (L) mexicana present cross reactivity with unrelated parasite antigens derived from Trypanosoma cruzi, the analysis of the specificity of IgA by antigens of L. (L) mexicana and T. cruzi, by Western Blot, showed that the IgA serum of mice infected with T. cruzi reacts too with antigens of L. (L) mexicana. These findings suggest that IgA may be useful for the clinical management and prognosis of the disease.


Assuntos
Animais , Feminino , Camundongos , Anticorpos Antiprotozoários/sangue , Antígenos de Protozoários/imunologia , Imunoglobulina A/sangue , Leishmania mexicana/imunologia , Leishmaniose Cutânea/imunologia , Especificidade de Anticorpos , Anticorpos Antiprotozoários/imunologia , Antígenos de Protozoários/isolamento & purificação , Reações Cruzadas , Resistência à Doença , Suscetibilidade a Doenças , Eletroforese em Gel de Poliacrilamida , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Imunoglobulina A/imunologia , Leishmania mexicana/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Leishmaniose Cutânea/sangue , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Peso Molecular , Trypanosoma cruzi/imunologia
16.
Rev. cient. (Maracaibo) ; Rev. cient. (Maracaibo);20(4): 353-361, jul. 2010. ilus, graf, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-631080

RESUMO

En el presente estudio se analizó el desarrollo intrauterino de los fetos de ratas Wistar, que recibieron una inyección por vía intraperitoneal de 2x10(5) tripomastigotes sanguícolas de las cepas Planalto (IP1) y ASM (IP2) de Trypanosoma cruzi. A los 12 días post-infección fueron apareadas; a los 20 días de preñez fueron sacrificadas y los fetos fueron extraídos de los sacos uterinos para ser evaluados. Ratas sanas preñadas (SP) y vírgenes (CI1, CI2) fueron usadas como controles. Los resultados indican que la parasitemia fue significativamente (P<0,05) mayor en las ratas preñadas en comparación con las ratas vírgenes CI1 y CI2 infectadas con diferentes cepas de T. cruzi. En las ratas IP1 se observaron 19 fetos con peso y longitud promedio de 2,86 ± 2,19 g y 2,63 ± 1,17; en una de las ratas se desarrolló un solo feto en el cuerno uterino izquierdo, en otra rata se observó inflamación del cuerno izquierdo, restos fetales, placentales y 6 fetos de aspecto normal en el cuerno derecho; en dos ratas se desarrollaron 8 y 4 fetos, respectivamente, de aspecto normal. En las ratas preñadas IP2, se desarrollaron 28 fetos con peso y longitud promedio de 2,77 ± 0,77 g y 3,31 ± 1,99 cm; en una rata los 4 fetos (57,14%) del cuerno uterino derecho presentaron malformaciones morfológicas sobre el lado dorsal del cuerpo, estrechamiento alrededor de la parte posterior y gran desarrollo de la base de la pata anterior derecha y en el cuerno izquierdo se observaron 3 fetos con aspecto normal; en otra rata se encontraron 2 fetos muertos y denso líquido amniótico en el cuerno uterino derecho y 5 fetos con aspecto normal en el cuerno izquierdo, y en dos ratas se observaron 8 y 6 fetos con aspecto normal, respectivamente. En las SP se desarrollaron 21 fetos con características físicas normales, con peso y longitud promedio de 6,16 ± 0,99 g y 2,88 ± 0,65 cm de longitud. La relación peso fetal/longitud fetal (g/cm) en los grupos de ratas preñadas IP1 e IP2 fue significantemente menor en comparación con los fetos de las ratas SP (P<0,00001). La comparación del peso fetal y diámetro de las placentas entre las ratas IP1, IP2 y SP resultó significativa (P<0,001). En conclusión, la infección por diferentes cepas de T. cruzi en las ratas preñadas produce restricción patológica del crecimiento fetal, anomalías morfológicas estructurales y funcionales en los fetos y muerte fetal. Los fetos de las ratas SP no mostraron ningun anomalía.


In the present study was analyzed the intrauterine development of Wistar rats fetuses that received an injection of 2x10(5) bloodstream trypomastigotes of Planalto (IP1) and ASM (IP2) Trypanosoma cruzi strains. The rats with 12 days post-infection were mated; at day 20 the pregnat rats were sacrificed and its fetuses were extracted from the uterine horns in order to be evaluated. Healthy pregnant rats (HP) and virgin rats (CI1, CI2) were used as controls. The results showed that parasitemia was significanty (P<0.05) higher in pregnancy rats in comparison with the virgins rats CI1 and CI2 infected with different T. cruzi strains. The rats IP1, showed 19 fetuses with weight and measure average of 2.86 g ± 2.19 and 2.63 ± 1.17 cm of length. One rat showed 1 fetus in the left uterine horn, other rat showed the left uterine horn with inflammated aspect and with fetal and placental rests, and 6 fetuses of normal aspect into right uterine horn; in two rats were observed 8 and 4 fetuses of normal aspect. The pregnant rats IP2, developed 28 fetuses with weight and measure average of 2.77 ± 0.77 g and 3.31 ± 1.99 cm; in one rat, the 4 fetuses (57.14%) of right uterine horn presented morphological malformations on the dorsal side of the body, tightness around the body and development his anterior right footpad with big size and the left uterine horn of same rat was observed 3 fetuses with normal aspect; other rat showed 2 fetuses dead and dense amniotic liquid into right horn, and 5 fetuses with normal aspect in the left uterine horn, in two rats were developed 8 and 6 fetuses with normal aspect respectively. The HP development 21 fetuses with normal aspect of weight and measure average of 6.16 ± 0.99 g and 2.88 ± 0.65 cm of length. The relation weight/length fetal (g/cm) in infected pregnant rats groups IP1 and IP2 was significantly less in comparison with fetuses of HP rats (P<0.00001). The comparison of the fetal weight and placental diameters of IP1, IP2 and HP rats were significant (P<0.001). In conclusion, acute infection with different T. cruzi strains in pregnant rats, produces pathologic restriction of fetal growth, functional structural morphological anomalies in the fetuses and death of some fetuses. The fetuses of HP rats did not show any anomaly.

17.
Bol. malariol. salud ambient ; 50(1): 29-38, jul. 2010. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-630424

RESUMO

Se presentan los resultados de un estudio experimental sobre la transmisión congénita de Trypanosoma cruzi en crías de ratas albinas (Rattus norvegicus), cepa Wistar de segunda generación. El curso de la infección chagásica fue evaluado en las ratas infectadas inicialmente (RII) inyectadas con las formas metacíclicas del parásito, en las crías de la primera (C1ªG) y segunda generación (C2ªG), mediante pruebas de diagnóstico seroparasitológicas y molecular (PCR). En las RII se demostró infección aguda caracterizada por parasitemias patentes entre los 12 y 45 días post-inoculación (pi), e incremento en la respuesta inmune humoral con títulos desde 1:64 y 1:2048; en la fase crónica se evidencio ausencia de parasitemias y mantenimiento de una moderada respuesta humoral en el 100% de las madres. Las C1ªG no presentaron tripomastigotes en la sangre circulante, la prueba de IFI, reveló seropositividad apreciable en el 75% de los sueros. En las C2ªG, los exámenes directos de sangre y el hemocultivo, resultaron negativos; los xenodiagnósticos mostraron un 18,2% de positividad. Las pruebas serológicas empleadas (IFI y ELISA) detectaron un 31,8% y 34,1% anticuerpos circulantes anti-T. cruzi. La PCR aplicada a los sueros, presentó un bajo porcentaje de muestras positivas (6,8%) y en los tejidos (corazón y músculo esquelético) se observó una alta positividad de 54,5% y 45,4%, respectivamente. La presencia de formas flageladas en la sangre, la persistencia de la serología positiva por anticuerpos humorales transferidos vía materna y la permanencia de restos de ADN de T. cruzi en sueros y tejidos en un número importante de crías, confirma la infección congénita a su progenie, en segunda generación. Estos resultados son de gran importancia para una mejor comprensión de la epidemiología de la enfermedad de Chagas congénita


The results of the experimental study concerning the congenital transmission of Trypanosoma cruzi in second generation strain Wistar albino rats are presented. The course of the Chagas infection was evaluated in rats initially infected with the metacyclic forms of the parasite (RII) in first (C1stG) and second (C2ndG) generation offspring using parasitological, serological and molecular (PCR) diagnostic tests. In the RII, an acute infection characterized by patent parasitemias between 12 and 45 days post-inoculation and an increase in the humoral immune response with titers of 1:64 and 1:2048 in the chronic phase demonstrated the absence of parasitemia and maintenance of a moderate humoral response in 100% of the mothers. The C1stG did not show tripomastigotes in the blood circulation and the IIF test showed considerable seropositive in 75% of the sera. In C2ndG, direct blood and hemoculture exams performed were negative, while 18.2% of the xenodiagnosis were positive. The serological tests used (IIF and ELISA) detected 31.8% and 34.1% anti-T. cruzi circulating antibodies. The PCR applied to the serum presented a low percentage of positive (6.8%) samples and in tissues (heart and skeletal muscle) high positives of 54.5% and 45.4% respectively were observed. The presence of flagellated forms in the blood, the persistence of serological positive for humoral antibodies transferred by the mother and the permanence of remaining DNA of the T. cruzi in serum and tissues in a significant number of offspring confirm the congenital infection to their offspring in the second generation. These results are of great importance for the better understanding of the epidemiology of Chagas disease


Assuntos
Animais , Doenças Genéticas Inatas/mortalidade , Doenças Genéticas Inatas/sangue , Transmissão de Doença Infecciosa/prevenção & controle
18.
Bol. malariol. salud ambient ; 49(2): 175-180, dic. 2009. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-630405

RESUMO

La respuesta inmune mediada por células en neonatos y fetos de madres infectadas por Trypanosoma cruzi ha sido objeto de estudio en modelos murinos, existiendo datos que apoyan la idea de que el sistema inmune fetal puede ser competente. Esta revisión sintetiza los resultados obtenidos en estudios multidisciplinarios sobre casos de enfermedad de Chagas congénito, los cuales señalan que dicha afección depende del equilibrio entre complejos fenómenos, tales como la respuesta inmune adaptativa en la madre de tipo Th2 asociada a altas parasitemias, la invasión de la placenta y el cordón umbilical por los parásitos y la respuesta inmune específica en el feto caracterizada por una activación de células T CD8+ productoras de IFN-γ capaces de limitar la multiplicación del parásito, así como la morbi mortalidad y los linajes de mayor virulencia del parásito que pudieran atravesar con facilidad la placenta y llegar a ser más patógenos para el feto/neonato


The cell-mediated immune response in infants and fetuses of mothers infected with Trypanosoma cruzi has been studied in mouse models and there are data supporting the idea that the fetal immune system may be competent. This review synthesizes the results obtained from multidisciplinary studies of cases of congenital Chagas disease, which indicate that this condition depends on the equilibrium between complex phenomena, such as a maternal type Th2 adaptative immune response associated with high parasitemia, the invasion of placental and umbilical cord by parasites and a fetal specific immune response characterized by an activation of CD8 T cells producing IFN-gamma able to limit parasite multiplication and morbidity/mortality; and that in lineages of higher virulence the parasite could easily cross the placenta and be more pathogenic to the fetus/neonate


Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Gravidez , Doença de Chagas , Doenças Transmissíveis , Trypanosoma cruzi/patogenicidade , Parasitologia , Saúde Pública
19.
Rev. Fac. Med. (Caracas) ; 32(1): 16-24, jun. 2009. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-631547

RESUMO

Este estudio analizó el efecto de la infección aguda con Trypanosoma cruzi sobre la histología del sistema nervioso central de ratas durante la gestación. Las ratas Wistar fueron infectadas por inoculación intraperitoneal de 5x10(4) tripanosomas sanguícolas de la cepa M/HOM/Bra/53/Y. Para obtener la preñez durante el ascenso de la parasitemia, las ratas en estrus del ciclo menstrual fueron apareadas con los machos a los 12 días posinfección (pi). Ratas vírgenes/infectadas, vírgenes/sanas y sanas/preñadas fueron usadas como controles. Altos niveles de parasitemia patente (PP), de 36 ± 2,9 a 55 ± 3,0 tripanosomas/mm³ de sangre en las ratas con 16 y 22 días de infección y con 6 y 12 días de gestación respectivamente fueron observados. La comparación de la PP entre las ratas infectadas/preñadas y vírgenes/infectadas fue significativa al 1 por ciento. A los 30 días pi las ratas fueron sacrificadas y el cerebro (C) y las regiones cervical (RC), torácica (RT), lumbar (RL) y sacra (RS) de la ME fueron fijadas en formalina al 10 por ciento, deshidratadas e incluidas con Paraplast. Los cortes de 7 μm coloreados con hematoxilina y eosina mostraron reacción inflamatoria de células polimorfonucleares, mononucleares y plasmocitos en contacto con los cuerpos neuronales del C de las ratas infectadas/preñadas. La comparación entre el número de linfocitos en los hemisferios derecho (HD) e izquierdo (HI) de 65 ± 6,3 y 48 ± 4,5 linfocitos en las ratas infectadas/preñadas y de 20 ± 2,0 y 13 ± 1,1 linfocitos en las ratas sanas/preñadas fue significativa (P<0,05). La comparación del número de linfocitos en los HD y HI de las ratas vírgenes/sanas vírgenes/infectadas no reveló diferencias. La disminución de motoneuronas (MN) de 35 ± 3,4 a 16 ± 1,7 en la RC, de 33 ± 3,1 a 21 ± 3,0 en la RT y de 31± 3,8 a 10 ± 1,8 en la RL, de la ME de las ratas infectadas/preñadas fue significativa (P<0,05) en comparación con el número de MN en la ME de las ratas sanas/preñadas....


This study analyzed the effect of acute infection with Trypanosoma cruzi on the histology of Central Nervous System (CNS) of rats during pregnancy. Wistar rats were infected by intraperitonealy inoculation of 5x10(4) blood trypomastigotes of the M/HOM/Bra/53/Y strain. To obtain pregnancies during the ascending phase of parasitemia, rats in estrus of its menstrual cycle were matched with males at days 12 after infection (pi). Virgin/infected, virgin/healthy and healthy/pregnant rats were used as controls. High levels of patent parasitemia (PP) of 36 ± 2.9 to 55 ± 3.0 tripanosomas/mm³ blood, were observed in rats between 16 and 22 infection days and between 6 and 12 pregnancy days respectively. The comparison of the PP between infected/ pregnant rats and virgin/infected rats was significant at 1 percent. At the 30 days pi rats were sacrificed. Brain (B) and regions cervical (CR), thoracic (TR), lumbar (LR) and sacra (SR) of Spinal cord (SC) samples were obtained and fixed in formalin to 10 percent, dehydrated and embedded in Paraplast. The sections (7 μm) stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin showed inflammatory reaction of polymorphonuclear and mononuclear cells and plasmocytes in contact with neurons of B of the infected/pregnant rats. The comparison between lymphocytes number in the right (HR) (65 ± 6.3) and left (HL) (48 ± 4.5) cerebral hemispheres of infected/pregnant rats and of 20 ± 2.0 and 13 ± 1.1 lymphocytes in healthy/pregnant rats was significant (P<0.05). The comparison between lymphocyte number in the HR y HL of the virgin/healthy rats and virgin/infected rats not showed differences. Motoneurons (MN) reduction of 35 ± 3.4 to 16 ± 1.7 in CR, of 33 ± 3.1 to 21 ± 3.0 in TR and of 31± 3.8 to 10 ± 1.8 in LR of the SC of infected/pregnant rats was significant (P<0.05), when they were compared with MN number in SC of healthy/pregnant rats. Reduction of MN of 53 ± 4.9 to 35 ± 3.4 in the CR and of 37 ± 3.3 to 22 ± 1.9 in the SR...


Assuntos
Animais , Ratos , Animais de Laboratório , Doença de Chagas , Infecção Laboratorial , Medula Espinal/anatomia & histologia , Sistema Nervoso Central/anatomia & histologia , Trypanosoma cruzi
20.
Invest. clín ; Invest. clín;50(3): 335-345, sept. 2009. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-564794

RESUMO

El objetivo del presente estudio consistió en detectar la presencia de ADN de Trypanosoma cruzi en la placenta y tejidos de fetos provenientes de ratones (Mus musculus) NMRI inoculadas con 22 × 103 tripomastigotes metacíclicos de la cepa M/HOM/BRA/53/Y por vía intraperitoneal. Los ratones hembras fueron preñadas durante la fase aguda de la infección. El curso de la parasitemia patente por T. cruzi fue evaluada antes del apareamiento y durante el periodo de gestación. A los veinte días de gestación los animales fueron sacrificados y los fetos con sus placentas fueron removidos para evaluar la infección por T. cruzi. Las muestras de placenta, corazón y músculo esquelético fetal fueron fijadas en formalina neutra al 10%, incluidas en parafina y coloreadas con hematoxilina y eosina (HE). El estudio histopatológico de los tejidos fetales reveló la presencia de infiltrado inflamatorio de células mononucleares y polimorfonucleares y sin parasitismo tisular. La amplificación del ADN de T. cruzi por la reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa (PCR) demostró reacción positiva en el 18% de las placentas de los ratones hembras infectadas preñadas. Las muestras de corazón y músculo esquelético de los fetos provenientes de madres infectadas con T. cruzi no mostraron la presencia de ADN del parásito. Los cortes de placenta y de músculo esquelético analizados por inmunotinción con Peroxidasa anti Peroxidasa mostraron antígeno de T. cruzi en esos tejidos. Los resultados obtenidos por PCR en los tejidos fetales pudieran relacionarse con la virulencia y tropismo asociados con las características biológicas y genética de la cepa de T. cruzi, utilizada en la infección experimental de los ratones hembras.


The objective of the present study was to detect the presence of Trypanosoma cruzi DNA in the placenta and fetal tissues of NMRI mice (Mus musculus) inoculated with 22 × 103 trypomastigotes metacyclic of the M/HOM/BRA/53/Y strain by intraperitoneal route. Mice were pregnant in the acute phase of the infection. The course of patent parasitemia by T. cruzi was evaluated before mating and during pregnancy. At day twenty of gestation, animals were sacrificed and the fetuses and their placentas were removed to evaluate T. cruzi infection. Samples of fetal placenta, heart and skeletal muscle were fixed in 10%, formalin, included in paraffin and stained with hematoxilin and eosin (HE). The histopathological study of sections of fetal tissues revealed inflammatory infiltrates with mononuclear and polymorphonuclear cells and without parasitism in these tissues. The amplification of T. cruzi DNA by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) showed a positive reaction in 18% of placental tissue of pregnant infected mice. The samples of heart and skeletal muscle of the fetuses of mothers infected with T. cruzi did not show the presence T. cruzi DNA. The placenta and skeletal muscle of the fetuses analyzed by Peroxidase anti Peroxidase inmunostaining showed T. cruzi antigens in those tissues. Negative results by PCR in fetal tissues might be related with the virulence and tropism associated with the biological and genetic characteristic Of the T. cruzi strain used in the experimental infection of female mice.


Assuntos
Animais , Camundongos , DNA , Doença de Chagas/parasitologia , Doença de Chagas/veterinária , Placenta , Circulação Placentária , Trypanosoma cruzi , Parasitologia
SELEÇÃO DE REFERÊNCIAS
DETALHE DA PESQUISA