Cheek alveolar soft part sarcoma recurrence at the primary site during follow-up: a case report and review of the literature.

BACKGROUND: Alveolar soft part sarcoma (ASPS) occurs most often in the deep muscles or fascia of the extremities in adults, with only 3.4% of these tumours originating from the head, face and neck. To date, only 17 cases of buccal ASPS have been reported, including the case presented here. Only one case of ASPS recurrence at the primary site, similar to our case, has been reported thus far. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICPis)-associated diabetes, with an estimated incidence of 0.43%, is usually seen in older cancer patients and has not been reported in younger people or in patients with ASPS. CASE PRESENTATION: A 24-year-old male patient presented with a slowly progressing right cheek mass with a clinical history of approximately 28 months. Sonographic imaging revealed a hypoechoic mass, which was considered a benign tumour. However, a pathological diagnosis of ASPS was made after excision of the mass. Five days later, functional right cervical lymph node dissection was performed. No other adjuvant therapy was administered after surgery. In a periodic follow-up of the patient six months later, blood-rich tumour growth was noted at the primary site, and Positron emission tomography-computedtomography (PET-CT) ruled out distant metastasis in other areas. The patient was referred to the Ninth People's Hospital of Shanghai Jiaotong University. Due to the large extent of the mass, the patient received a combination of a Programmed Cell Death Ligand 1(PD-L1) inhibitor and a targeted drug. Unfortunately, the patient developed three episodes of severe diabetic ketoacidosis after the administration of the drugs. A confirmed diagnosis of ICPis-associated diabetes was confirmed. After the second operation, the postoperative pathological diagnosis was ASPS, and the margins were all negative. Therefore, we made a final clinical diagnosis of ASPS recurrence at the primary site. Currently in the follow-up, the patient is alive, has no distant metastases, and undergoes multiple imaging examinations every 3 months for the monitoring of their condition. CONCLUSIONS: In analysing the characteristics of all previously reported cases of buccal ASPS, it was found that the clinical history ranged from 1 to 24 months, with a mean of approximately 3 to 9 months. Tumour recurrence at the primary site has been reported in only one patient with buccal ASPS, and the short-term recurrence in our patient may be related to the extraordinarily long 28-month history. ICPis-associated diabetes may be noted in young patients with rare tumours, and regular insulin level monitoring after use is necessary.

Synthesis and biological evaluation of zwitterionic half-sandwich Rhodium(III) and Ruthenium(II) organometallic complexes.

Herein we present the synthesis and characterization of a panel of structurally related zwitterionic piano-stool rhodium(III) and ruthenium(II) complexes. The identities of these novel complexes have been determined by NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, elemental analysis and single-crystal X-ray crystallography. The stability and fluorescence property of these zwitterionic complexes were also confirmed. Zwitterionic rhodium(III) complexes Rh1-Rh4 displayed potent cytotoxic activity against A549 and HeLa human cancer cells. On the contrary, zwitterionic ruthenium(II) complexes Ru1-Ru4 presented no obvious cytotoxic activity to the test cell lines. Moreover, the trend that the introduction of fluorinated substituent and phenyl ring in the η5-CpR ring and N,N-chelating ligand, respectively, could enhance the cytotoxicity of these zwitterionic rhodium(III) complexes, were observed. The exploration of mechanism using flow cytometry displayed that the cytotoxicity of these rhodium(III) complexes was associated with the perturbation of the cell cycle and the induction of cell apoptosis. Furthermore, microscopic analysis using confocal microscopy indicated that the representative rhodium(III) complex Rh4 entered A549 cells via energy-dependent pathway and predominantly accumulated in lysosomes, thus leading to the disruption of lysosomal integrity.

Energy transfer from CdSe quantum dots to porphyrin via two-photon excitation.

CdSe quantum dots have been used as energy donors to activate meso-tetra (4-sulfonatophenyl) porphine dihydrochloride. Pulses of 130 fs duration at a wavelength of 800 nm are used as the two-photon excitation light source. After excitation, steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence spectra are collected for samples with different ratio between the amount of porphyrins and quantum dots. Decay kinetic curves of CdSe quantum dots with and without porphyrins are well fitted by the biexponential decay curve, which indicates a combination of two components (excitonic and trapping state) in the luminescence behavior of CdSe quantum dots. Relative intensity weights of the excitonic and trapping state, total and nonradiative energy transfer efficiency, average luminescence lifetimes of donors are calculated. The nonradiative transfer mechanism becomes the leading factor as the concentration of acceptors gets higher. It is considered to take place through the channel of trapping states of CdSe quantum dots, which is expressed by the weight change between the fast and slow luminescence components. This deduction presents a new way of raising the energy transfer efficiency by increasing the trapping state proportion of the quantum dots, which can be easily realized by surface modification.