RESUMO
This comparative prospective study was conducted at the Ghulam Muhammad Mahar Medical College Hospital and Red Crescent General Hospital, Sukkur, Pakistan, for a period of two years from July 2012 to June 2014. The study included 1800 patients who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy for symptomatic cholethiasis. These patients were divided in to two groups. Group I included 900 patients, who underwent conventional laparoscopic cholecystectomy with the four port technique. In these patients, the gall-bladder was retrieved through umbilical port by a sterile surgical hand glove (size 6 ½ or 7 inches) endobag. The fascial defect of 10 mm umbilical port was closed by vicryl "0" with J-shaped needle, while three 5 mm ports closed by applying steri strips. Group-II also included 900 patients. In these patients laparoscopic cholecystectomy was done by using three ports, 10 mm epigastric working port, 5 mm umbilical port for 5 mm telescope and lateral 5 mm port for assistant. The gall-bladder was retrieved through epigastric port without endobag. The results of both these techniques were collected and analyzed on SPSS version 14. The mean age of patients was 45 years. The male to female ratio was 1:3. In group-I, after laparoscopic cholecystectomy, gall-bladder was retrieved safely through 10 mm umbilical port in surgical glove endobag. In acutely inflamed cases, the gall-bladder was opened at the umbilical port site inside the endobag and decompressed before retrieval. In this group, wound infection of umbilical port occurred in 5.11% patients, port-site hernia in 3.66%, port-site bleeding in 1.33% while difficulty in retrieval of gall-bladder in acutely inflamed cases in 1.88% patients. In group-II, wound infection in epigastric port was found in 1.55% patients, port-site hernia in 0.11%, port-site bleeding in 4%, difficulty in retrieval of gall-bladder in 5.33% while leakage /perforation of gall-bladder in 4.11% patients. The serious complications like wound infection and port-site hernia are more frequently found in group-I patients as compared to group-II.
RESUMO
Objective An inguinal hernia is a common condition associated with advanced age, male gender, smoking, connective tissue disorder, and factors responsible for increased intra-abdominal pressure. This study aimed to observe the relationship of body mass index with the development of inguinal hernia in males and females. Methodology This cross-sectional descriptive study using a non-probability convenient sampling technique was carried out at Al-Tibri medical college and hospital, Karachi, Pakistan. A total of 82 patients were selected: 78 males and four females. The ethical approval for the study was taken from Institutional Research and Ethical Committee. Inclusion criteria based on the patient age above 40 of either gender with complaints of pain in the groin region with clinical findings like swelling and tenderness. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.0 (IBM Inc., Armonk, USA). Results The mean age of 82 patients diagnosed with an inguinal hernia on a clinical basis was 47.41 ± 15.49 years. The mean height was 67.09 ± 3.95 inches. The mean weight was 63.5 ± 6.77 kg. The mean BMI was 22.07 ± 2.17 kg/m2. Seventy-eight (96.06%) were males, and four (5.9%) were females. Thirty-four (41.5%) patients were diagnosed with right inguinal hernia, 34 (41.5%) - with a left inguinal hernia, and 14 (17.1%) - with a bilateral inguinal hernia. BMI was normal in 68 (86.3%) and low in 14 (20.55%) patients. Our study indicated that patients with normal BMI were more likely to suffer from inguinal hernia than patients with low BMI. Conclusion This study concluded that the normal body mass index was associated with a high occurrence of inguinal hernia among the genders. The normal body mass index in males exhibits more inguinal hernia chances than a low body mass index. It was observed that the frequency of unilateral right inguinal hernia is higher than bilateral. Similarly, males are more affected than females.