RESUMO
Following the aetiologic agent of diarrhoea in children aged one to three years we found in the stools a large number of rotaviruses by electron microscopy (EM), although ELISA was negative; the sensitivity of ELISA had been confirmed in previous investigations. In 141 children with diarrhoea 10 conventional (group A) and 21 antigenically distinct rotaviruses were detected. The presence of atypical rotaviruses could be confirmed by electrophoretic analysis of their RNA migration profiles. The electropherotype pattern corresponded to the group C rotaviruses reported by others.
Assuntos
Rotavirus/isolamento & purificação , Antígenos Virais/isolamento & purificação , Pré-Escolar , Diarreia/imunologia , Diarreia/microbiologia , Eletroforese em Gel de Poliacrilamida , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Alemanha Oriental , Humanos , Lactente , Microscopia Eletrônica , RNA Viral/isolamento & purificação , Rotavirus/imunologia , Rotavirus/ultraestruturaRESUMO
Two stable hybridoma cell clones producing high amounts of monoclonal antibodies (MAb) to rotavirus have been selected. The MAbs were shown to recognize different epitopes of the major inner capsid rotavirus protein VP 6. The two types of MAb in question cross-reacted with human and animal group A rotaviruses. Due to their high affinity and good binding capacity to microtiter plates a simultaneous EIA was developed for detection of rotavirus in stool samples. The sensitivity and specificity of MAb one-step EIA was compared with an approved polyclonal sandwich EIA by testing 1309 stool samples.
Assuntos
Anticorpos Monoclonais , Infecções por Rotavirus/diagnóstico , Rotavirus/imunologia , Animais , Anticorpos Antivirais/imunologia , Fezes/microbiologia , Humanos , Técnicas ImunoenzimáticasRESUMO
Serological investigations of three groups of children from the German Democratic Republic (GDR) and from Czechoslovakia who had different immunization histories against poliomyelitis indicated that the immunity induced by oral poliovaccine (OPV) is effective against both the wild poliovirus Saukett strain and a new wild variant of poliovirus type 3 that was isolated during an outbreak of poliomyelitis in Finland in 1984. There is therefore no obvious risk that individuals in the GDR or Czechoslovakia, most of whom have been immunized with OPV, are threatened by new wild poliovirus variants. These findings are of importance, especially in connection with WHO's initiative for the global eradication of poliomyelitis by the year 2000.
Assuntos
Imunidade , Vacina Antipólio Oral/imunologia , Poliovirus/imunologia , Anticorpos Antivirais/isolamento & purificação , Pré-Escolar , Tchecoslováquia , Alemanha Oriental , Humanos , LactenteRESUMO
Serum samples were tested for antibodies against polio virus and measles virus from two serum banks after having been stored under different conditions for several years. The results are compared with those ones obtained immediately after sampling. Despite of small increases of antibody-negative samples and of small decreases of the titres the suitability of the samples stored could be shown. Special attention should be given to the establishment, e.g. in the framework of Expanded Programme on Immunization of the World Health Organization and in order to study new pathogens unknown to date, and the technical preconditions for that should be planed.
Assuntos
Anticorpos Antivirais/sangue , Bancos de Sangue , Criopreservação , Sarampo/epidemiologia , Poliomielite/epidemiologia , Coleta de Amostras Sanguíneas , Tchecoslováquia/epidemiologia , Alemanha/epidemiologia , Humanos , Quênia/epidemiologia , Sarampo/sangue , Sarampo/imunologia , Nigéria/epidemiologia , Poliomielite/sangue , Poliomielite/imunologia , Estudos Soroepidemiológicos , Fatores de Tempo , Togo/epidemiologiaRESUMO
Evaluating the current stage and future trends of WHO's Expanded Programme on Immunization (EPI), conclusions for national immunization strategies have been considered. The global eradication of poliomyelitis is an important target. In 1988, an Immunization Advisory Group of the Ministry of Health has been founded. Recommendations regarding the update of immunization schedule have been elaborated. Changes are foreseen for BCG (deletion of revaccination), rubella (implementation of immunization for all girls aged 11/12 years), diphtheria (diphtheria/tetanus booster for adults), and measles (2-shot-strategy for young children and schoolchildren.
Assuntos
Controle de Doenças Transmissíveis/tendências , Comparação Transcultural , Vacinação/tendências , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Alemanha Oriental , Humanos , Esquemas de Imunização , Lactente , Recém-NascidoRESUMO
Genomic amplification followed by selective digestion of restriction enzymes was used to differentiate polioviruses. The method was based on conserved and variable components of the 5'-noncoding region. The differences between Sabin vaccine and wild-type viruses made it possible to identify rapidly an isolated poliovirus as vaccine-related or wild-type virus. A total of 60 isolates and strains were tested and all of them were correctly identified. This method is recommended as a sensitive, specific and rapid way to differentiate polioviruses in clinical isolates and environmental samples.