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Thermoelectric (TE) film has wide potential application in low-grade waste heat recovery and TE generation due to its quick response and multifunctional integration. Multi-nanocomposite is a promising method to solve the difficulty of maintaining temperature difference and achieving a high figure of merit ZT. However, the depletion layer induced by the multi-nanocomposite typically degrades performance. This study presents a simple and convenient method to solve this problem by pulse electric field (PEF). Prototypical TE Bi2 Te3 is selected as the objective film. The strong current density effect of PEF removes the depletion layer among carbon nanotubes (CNT) and Bi2 Te3 grains. Thus, the CNT nanocomposite with PEF treatment breaks the trade-off between electrical conductivity and Seebeck coefficient, achieving a power factor of 4400 µW m-1 K-2 which stabilizes after annealing effect to 2920 µW m-1 K-2 , a record for Bi2 Te3 films. Simultaneously, the self-assembled porosity decreases thermal conductivity via phonon scattering while still maintaining a high electrical conductivity of 3130 S cm-1 . Thus, the porosity helps maintain the temperature difference and thereby enables a sharp increase in output power. These results indicate that the combination of PEF and multi-nanocomposite is a new method to enhance TE performance, which would have a potential application in the commercial field.
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BACKGROUND: To investigate if there are improvements in trabeculectomy outcomes supporting filtration bleb formation caused by Rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK) inhibitors. METHODS: This prospective, multicentre, randomised, open-label clinical study examined open-angle glaucoma patients who underwent trabeculectomy or trabeculectomy combined with cataract surgery followed by 3-month postoperative ripasudil treatments. After randomly allocating patients to ripasudil-ROCK inhibitor (ripasudil) or without ripasudil (non-ripasudil) groups. Mean intraocular pressure (IOP) changes, success rate, and number of eyedrops were compared for both groups. RESULTS: A total of 17 and 15 subjects dropped out in the ripasudil group and non-ripasudil group, respectively. At baseline, the mean IOP was 16.8±5.0 mm Hg in the ripasudil group (38 patients) and 16.2±4.4 in the non-ripasudil group (52 patients). The IOP decreased to 11.4±3.2 mm Hg, 10.9±3.9 mm Hg and 10.6±3.5 mm Hg at 12, 24 and 36 months in the ripasudil group, while it decreased to 11.2±4.1 mm Hg, 10.5±3.1 mm Hg and 10.9±3.2 mm Hg at 12, 24 and 36 months in the non-ripasudil group, respectively. There was a significant decrease in the number of IOP-lowering medications after trabeculectomy in the ripasudil group versus the non-ripasudil group at 24 (p=0.010) and 36 months (p=0.016). There was no statistically significant difference between the groups for the 3-year cumulative probability of success. CONCLUSION: Although ripasudil application did not increase the primary trabeculectomy success rate, it did reduce IOP-lowering medications after trabeculectomy with mitomycin C.
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Glaucoma de Ângulo Aberto , Pressão Intraocular , Isoquinolinas , Mitomicina , Sulfonamidas , Trabeculectomia , Humanos , Trabeculectomia/métodos , Masculino , Pressão Intraocular/efeitos dos fármacos , Estudos Prospectivos , Feminino , Glaucoma de Ângulo Aberto/cirurgia , Glaucoma de Ângulo Aberto/tratamento farmacológico , Isoquinolinas/uso terapêutico , Isoquinolinas/administração & dosagem , Idoso , Sulfonamidas/uso terapêutico , Sulfonamidas/administração & dosagem , Mitomicina/uso terapêutico , Mitomicina/administração & dosagem , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Quinases Associadas a rho/antagonistas & inibidores , Resultado do Tratamento , Alquilantes/administração & dosagem , Alquilantes/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate switching from brimonidine and ripasudil, and brimonidine or ripasudil, to a fixed combination of brimonidine and ripasudil, and evaluate the associated efficacy and safety in glaucoma patients. Methods: Glaucoma patients undergoing treatment with at least brimonidine and ripasudil (n = 25) or treatment with at least brimonidine or ripasudil (n = 45) were evaluated in this retrospective study. After switching patients taking brimonidine and ripasudil, or brimonidine or ripasudil, to a ripasudil/brimonidine fixed-combination, ophthalmic suspension (RBFC), intra-ocular pressure (IOP), conjunctival hyperemia and superficial punctate keratopathy (SPK) were evaluated before and at 4, 12 and 24 weeks after switching to RBFC. Results: No significant differences in the IOPs were observed after switching from brimonidine and ripasudil to RBFC. However, a significant decrease was observed at 4, 12 and 24 weeks in the baseline IOP, from 17.0 ± 4.4 mmHg to 15.7 ± 3.2 mmHg (p < 0.01), 14.3 ± 3.4 mmHg (p < 0.01) and 14.4 ± 4.1 mmHg (p < 0.01), respectively, after switching from brimonidine or ripasudil to RBFC. No significant changes were noted for the SPK score or conjunctival hyperemia score at any of the visits after switching to RBFC. Conclusions: Throughout the 24-week evaluation period, the IOP was maintained after switching from brimonidine and ripasudil to RBFC. However, there was a significant decrease in the IOP after switching from brimonidine or ripasudil to RBFC. These results demonstrate that RBFC is safe for use in the treatment of glaucoma patients.
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BACKGROUND: To compare peripapillary choroidal thickness measurements between normal and normal-tension glaucoma eyes. METHODS: Cross-sectional comparative study. 50 normal and 52 normal-tension glaucoma subjects were enrolled in the study. Peripapillary choroidal thickness was measured with spectral-domain optical coherence tomography and enhanced depth imaging. After obtaining circular B-scans around the disc, choroidal thicknesses were calculated based on the exported segmentation values. Visual fields were measured using automated perimetry. Difference in peripapillary choroidal thickness between the normal subjects and the patients with normal-tension glaucoma was analyzed. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in age, axial length, or refraction between the two groups. Peripapillary choroidal thickness was inversely correlated with age in both the normal (r = -0.287, P = 0.04) and normal and normal-tension glaucoma (r = -0.322, P = 0.02) groups. Peripapillary choroidal thickness of inferonasal (125 vs 148 µm, P < 0.05), inferior (101 vs 122 µm, P < 0.05), or inferotemporal (100 vs 127 µm, P < 0.05) regions were significantly thinner in the normal-tension glaucoma group as compared to normal subjects. Superior visual hemifield defect was significantly worse than inferior visual hemifield defect in normal and normal-tension glaucoma patients. CONCLUSION: As compared to normal subjects, peripapillary choroidal thickness was significantly thinner in the normal and normal-tension glaucoma patients, at least in some locations.
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Corioide/patologia , Glaucoma de Baixa Tensão/diagnóstico , Disco Óptico/patologia , Idoso , Estudos Transversais , Seguimentos , Humanos , Pressão Intraocular , Glaucoma de Baixa Tensão/fisiopatologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Retrospectivos , Tomografia de Coerência Óptica , Campos VisuaisRESUMO
BACKGROUND: To assess the agreement between the Heidelberg Retina Tomograph and Cirrus spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (Cirrus HD-OCT [Carl Zeiss Meditec, Dublin, CA, USA]) when measuring optic disc parameters. DESIGN: Prospective, cross-sectional study. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 96 glaucoma patients and 21 normal subjects were analysed. METHODS: Optic nerve head measurements, including disc area, rim area, cup-to-disc ratio and cup volume were obtained using both the Cirrus HD-OCT and Heidelberg Retina Tomograph 3 (Heidelberg Engineering GmbH, Heidelberg, Germany). MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS: Bland-Altman plots were used to evaluate the agreement between each of the optic disc parameters. RESULTS: Although Cirrus HD-OCT values were smaller than Heidelberg Retina Tomograph 3 values for the disc and rim areas, overall the Cirrus HD-OCT and Heidelberg Retina Tomograph 3 measurements were highly correlated (r = 0.657 to 0.821). As compared with Heidelberg Retina Tomograph 3, disc and rim areas tended to be minimized by Cirrus HD-OCT, especially when there were large disc and rim areas, although there was no relationship between the discrepancy and the level of measurement of the cup-to-disc ratio. The optical coherence tomography overestimated the Heidelberg Retina Tomograph-determined cup volume, especially when there were large cup volumes. CONCLUSIONS: Bland-Altman analyses revealed that with the exception of the cup-to-disc ratio, there was poor agreement between the Cirrus HD-OCT and Heidelberg Retina Tomograph 3 morphometric measurements. In addition, with the exception of the cup-to-disc ratio, the optic nerve head measurements could not be directly compared between the Cirrus HD-OCT and Heidelberg Retina Tomograph 3.
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Glaucoma de Ângulo Aberto/diagnóstico , Glaucoma de Baixa Tensão/diagnóstico , Disco Óptico/patologia , Doenças do Nervo Óptico/diagnóstico , Tomografia de Coerência Óptica/instrumentação , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Gonioscopia , Humanos , Pressão Intraocular , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Oftalmoscopia , Estudos Prospectivos , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Adulto JovemRESUMO
BACKGROUND: To measure choroidal thickness in normal eyes and in patients with normal-tension glaucoma using enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography and evaluate the association between choroidal thickness and progression of visual field damage. DESIGN: Cross-sectional comparative study. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 62 eyes of 62 normal subjects and 45 eyes of 45 normal-tension glaucoma patients were examined. METHODS: The choroid was measured at the fovea and 3 mm nasal and temporal from the fovea. In the separate study, both eyes of the patients with normal-tension glaucoma were included in the analyses. Visual fields were measured with automated perimetry. Changes in mean deviation per year (dB/year), that is, mean deviation slope, were calculated. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Difference in the choroidal thickness between the normal subjects and the patients with normal-tension glaucoma. The relationship between mean deviation slope and the choroidal thickness in eyes with normal-tension glaucoma was analysed. RESULTS: Compared with normal subjects, the choroidal thickness was significantly thinner in eyes with normal-tension glaucoma at 3 mm nasal from the fovea (P = 0.02). There was a significant correlation between the choroidal thickness at 3 mm nasal from the fovea and the mean deviation slope (Pearson's r = 0.413; P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: The decrease in the thickness of the choroid at 3 mm nasal from the fovea in eyes with normal-tension glaucoma may be associated with progressive visual field loss. Thus, choroidal abnormalities may play a role in the pathogenesis of normal-tension glaucoma.
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Corioide/patologia , Glaucoma de Baixa Tensão/diagnóstico , Transtornos da Visão/diagnóstico , Campos Visuais , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Corioide/anatomia & histologia , Estudos Transversais , Progressão da Doença , Feminino , Humanos , Pressão Intraocular , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Tomografia de Coerência Óptica , Acuidade Visual/fisiologia , Testes de Campo VisualRESUMO
Aiming to overcome both the structural and commercial limitations of flexible thermoelectric power generators, an efficient room-temperature aqueous selenization reaction that can be completed in air within less than 1 min, to directly fabricate thin ß-Ag2 Se films consisting of perfectly crystalline and large columnar grains with both in-plane randomness and out-of-plane [201] preferred orientation, is designed. A high power factor (PF) of 2590 ± 414 µW m-1 K-2 and a figure-of-merit (zT) of 1.2 ± 0.42 are obtained from a sample with a thickness of ≈1 µm. The maximum output power density of the best 4-leg thermoelectric generator sample reach 27.6 ± 1.95 and 124 ± 8.78 W m-2 at room temperature with 30 and 60 K temperature differences, respectively, which may be useful in future flexible thermoelectric devices.
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Combining inorganic thermoelectric (TE) materials with conductive polymers is one promising strategy to develop flexible thermoelectric (FTE) films and devices. As most inorganic materials tried up until now in FTE composites are composed of scarce or toxic elements, and n-type FTE materials are particularly desired, we combined the abundant, inexpensive, nontoxic Zn-doped chalcopyrite (Cu1-xZnxFeS2, x = 0.01, 0.02, 0.03) with a flexible electrical network constituted by poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrenesulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) and graphene for n-type FTE films. Hybrid films from the custom design of binary Cu1-xZnxFeS2/PEDOT:PSS to the optimum design of ternary Cu0.98Zn0.02FeS2/PEDOT:PSS/graphene are characterized. Compared with the binary film, a 4-fold enhancement in electrical conductivity was observed in the ternary film, leading to a maximum power factor of â¼ 23.7 µW m-1 K-2. The optimum ternary film could preserve >80% of the electrical conductivity after 2000 bending cycles, exhibiting an exceptional flexibility due to the network constructed by PEDOT:PSS and graphene. A five-leg thermoelectric prototype made of optimum films generated a voltage of 4.8 mV with a ΔT of 13 °C. Such an evolution of an inexpensive chalcopyrite-based hybrid film with outstanding flexibility exhibits the potential for cost-sensitive FTE applications.
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The reciprocity of heat transfer is a fundamental principle. However, there are few experimental studies to verify this principle. In this paper, we measured two layer samples made of ordinary metal by the laser flash method to verify the reciprocity principle. We heated and detected the different surfaces of each two layer sample to observe the reciprocal response. We also made use of areal heat diffusion time to analyze the temperature rise of two layer samples to enable to extend analysis for future multi-layer samples. This study is an important starting point to discuss whether characteristic materials obey the reciprocal principle.
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In the present study, we have focused on the elaboration of control of Te-doped CoSb3 thin films by RF magnetron sputtering which is an attractive technique for industrial development of thermoelectric (TE) thin films. We have successfully synthesized sputtering targets with a reliable approach in order to obtain high-quality films with controlled stoichiometry. TE properties were then probed and revealed a reliable n-type behavior characterized by poor electrical transport properties. Tellurium substitution was realized by co-sputtering deposition and allowed obtaining a significant enhancement of the power factor with promising values of PF ≈ 0.21 mW m-1 K-2 near room temperature. It is related to the Te doping effect which leads to an increase of the Seebeck coefficient and the electrical conductivity simultaneously. However, despite this large improvement, the properties remained far from the bulk material and further developments are necessary to improve the carrier mobility reduced by the thin film formatting.
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BACKGROUND/AIMS: To identify the cross-sectional characteristics of filtering blebs at 2 weeks post-trabeculectomy associated with intraocular pressure (IOP) control at 1 year post-trabeculectomy. METHODS: Ninety-nine eyes of 94 patients who had undergone primary trabeculectomy were included in this retrospective consecutive case series study. Surgical success was defined as an IOP ≤15 mm Hg and a >20% reduction in IOP without glaucoma medication or additional glaucoma surgeries at 1 year post-trabeculectomy. Subjects were classified into two groups according to whether surgery was successful or unsuccessful. Blebs were examined using swept-source three-dimensional anterior segment optical coherence tomography and evaluated for quantitative parameters, including maximum height, maximum wall thickness and ratio of hyporeflective space of the wall, as well as qualitative parameters, including multiple parallel hyporeflective layers within the wall (striping phenomenon), decreased visibility of the sclera underlying the bleb (shading phenomenon) and cyst-like structures of the wall. RESULTS: Seventy-seven eyes (77.8%) were assigned to the successful group and 22 (22.2%) to the unsuccessful group. Univariate analysis showed significant differences between the groups regarding maximum bleb height (p=0.044), maximum bleb wall thickness (p=0.017) and the striping phenomenon of the bleb wall (p=0.007). Multivariate logistic regression analysis confirmed that the striping phenomenon at 2 weeks post-trabeculectomy was significantly associated with success at 1 year post-trabeculectomy (OR 3.405; 95% CI 1.059 to 10.947; p=0.040). CONCLUSION: Taller blebs with thicker walls that showed the striping phenomenon at 2 weeks post-trabeculectomy appeared to predict good IOP control at 1 year post-trabeculectomy.
Assuntos
Técnicas de Diagnóstico Oftalmológico , Cirurgia Filtrante/métodos , Glaucoma/cirurgia , Imageamento Tridimensional/métodos , Tomografia de Coerência Óptica/métodos , Trabeculectomia/métodos , Idoso , Feminino , Glaucoma/diagnóstico por imagem , Glaucoma/fisiopatologia , Humanos , Pressão Intraocular/fisiologia , Modelos Logísticos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
PURPOSE: To identify the cross-sectional characteristics of filtering blebs associated with intraocular pressure (IOP) control at 1 year after trabeculectomy with a square scleral flap and a fornix-based conjunctival flap. METHODS: A retrospective consecutive case series study was conducted. Eighty-four eyes of 79 patients who had undergone primary trabeculectomy were included. Surgical success was defined as IOP ≤15 mmHg and a >20% reduction in IOP without glaucoma medication and without additional glaucoma surgery at 1 year after trabeculectomy. The subjects were classified into two groups according to whether surgery was successful or unsuccessful. Filtering blebs were examined using swept-source three-dimensional anterior segment optical coherence tomography and evaluated for the following quantitative parameters: maximum bleb height, maximum bleb wall thickness, and ratio of hypo-reflective space of the bleb wall. RESULTS: Sixty-six eyes were determined to be successful and 18 eyes unsuccessful. Univariate analysis showed significant differences between the two groups regarding bleb height (P < 0.001), bleb wall thickness (P = 0.011), and ratio of hypo-reflective space of the bleb wall (P = 0.002). Multivariate logistic regression analysis confirmed that the bleb height was significantly associated with success in trabeculectomy [odds ratio 13.996 (95% confidence interval 1.184-165.420); P = 0.036]. CONCLUSION: A tall bleb with a thick hypo-reflective wall may be a feature of the well-functioning bleb.
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Segmento Anterior do Olho/patologia , Glaucoma/cirurgia , Imageamento Tridimensional/métodos , Pressão Intraocular/fisiologia , Retalhos Cirúrgicos , Tomografia de Coerência Óptica/métodos , Trabeculectomia/métodos , Idoso , Túnica Conjuntiva/patologia , Túnica Conjuntiva/cirurgia , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Seguimentos , Glaucoma/diagnóstico , Glaucoma/fisiopatologia , Humanos , Masculino , Estudos Retrospectivos , Esclera/patologia , Esclera/cirurgia , Fatores de Tempo , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
PURPOSE: To evaluate the ocular-surface safety of a 0.001% benzalkonium chloride-containing tafluprost/timolol fixed combination (TTFC) in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) or ocular hypertension who have inadequate intraocular pressure (IOP) control with latanoprost monotherapy. METHODS: This study is a multicenter, prospective, single-arm, open-label clinical study. Patients with POAG or ocular hypertension who have inadequate IOP control with latanoprost monotherapy were considered eligible. After providing informed consent, patients continued latanoprost monotherapy for 12 weeks, followed by a switch to TTFC. We evaluated the extent of ocular-surface damage using superficial punctate keratopathy (SPK) score, tear breakup time (TBUT), hyperemia score, IOP, systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and heart rate at 0, 4, and 12 weeks after switching. RESULTS: A total of 68 patients were enrolled, of whom, 64 patients were included in the final analysis. No significant changes in SPK score, TBUT, or hyperemia score were observed at 4 and 12 weeks compared with week 0. IOP decreased significantly at 4 (13.9±2.5 mmHg) and 12 (14.1±2.5 mmHg) weeks, relative to week 0 (15.3±2.7 mmHg). No significant changes in either SBP or DBP were observed during the study, although patients' mean heart rate decreased significantly after switching to TTFC. Adverse drug reactions to TTFC occurred in seven patients including two incidences of asthma and one of arrhythmia, and no events were serious. CONCLUSION: The ocular-surface safety of TTFC is not significantly different to that of latanoprost. Furthermore, switching from latanoprost to TTFC in patients with insufficient IOP control has additive IOP-lowering effects. TTFC is an effective approach for patients receiving latanoprost monotherapy who require more intensive IOP reduction.
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PURPOSE: To investigate the effect of D-allose, a rare sugar, against ischemia reperfusion injury in the rat retina. METHODS: Retinal ischemia was induced by increasing intraocular pressure to 130 mm Hg and maintaining that level for 45 minutes. Morphometric studies were performed to study the effect of D-allose on the histologic changes induced by ischemia in the rat retina. Glutamate release from the rat retina and intravitreal P(O2) profiles were monitored during and after ischemia with a microdialysis biosensor and oxygen-sensitive microelectrodes. The release of hydrogen peroxide stained with diaminobenzidine hydrochloride was monitored by an in vitro retinal ischemia model. RESULTS: Seven days after the ischemia, significant reductions in both the number of ganglion cells and the thickness of the inner plexiform layer were observed. Pretreatment with D-allose significantly inhibited the ischemic injury of the inner retina. A large release of glutamate occurred during the ischemia. After the recirculation, glutamate levels were increased again and reached a maximum in approximately 20 minutes. The increases in extracellular glutamate during and after ischemia tend to be suppressed by administration of d-allose. d-Allose attenuated the increase in intravitreal P(O2) during reperfusion. After the ischemia, production of hydrogen peroxide was detected within approximately 30 minutes. D-allose suppressed the production of hydrogen peroxide. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that D-allose may protect neurons by decreasing extracellular glutamate and attenuating oxidative stress in ischemic insult.
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Glucose/uso terapêutico , Fármacos Neuroprotetores/uso terapêutico , Traumatismo por Reperfusão/prevenção & controle , Doenças Retinianas/prevenção & controle , Células Ganglionares da Retina/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Feminino , Ácido Glutâmico/metabolismo , Peróxido de Hidrogênio/metabolismo , Pressão Intraocular , Eletrodos Seletivos de Íons , Consumo de Oxigênio , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Traumatismo por Reperfusão/metabolismo , Traumatismo por Reperfusão/patologia , Doenças Retinianas/metabolismo , Doenças Retinianas/patologia , Células Ganglionares da Retina/metabolismo , Células Ganglionares da Retina/patologiaRESUMO
PURPOSE: To report the effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor on visual field changes in normal-tension glaucoma (NTG). DESIGN: Retrospective observational case series. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed a total of 38 patients with NTG. Control subjects had no previous history of hypertension. NTG hypertension patients were divided into two groups, those receiving ACE inhibitor and those receiving other antihypertensive drug treatments. HfaFiles 5, an analytical program for the Humphrey Field Analyzer, was used to calculate the slope for the mean deviation (MD) change per year. RESULTS: In the ACE inhibitor-treated group, the mean MD change per year was 0.48 +/- 0.19 dB, in control subjects was -0.38 +/- 0.23 dB, and in the other antihypertensive drug-treated group was -0.50 +/- 0.39 dB. CONCLUSIONS: Although the present study is retrospective and the sample size is small, ACE inhibitor might have a favorable effect on the visual field in patients with NTG in this small study.
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Inibidores da Enzima Conversora de Angiotensina/uso terapêutico , Glaucoma de Ângulo Aberto/complicações , Transtornos da Visão/prevenção & controle , Campos Visuais/efeitos dos fármacos , Idoso , Anti-Hipertensivos/uso terapêutico , Progressão da Doença , Feminino , Humanos , Pressão Intraocular , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Retrospectivos , Tonometria Ocular , Transtornos da Visão/etiologia , Acuidade VisualRESUMO
PURPOSE: To determine the risk factors that induce an elevation of intraocular pressure (IOP) after trans-Tenon retrobulbar injections of triamcinolone acetonide. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 49 consecutive patients (49 eyes) with choroidal neovascularization or diffuse diabetic macular edema who had received one trans-Tenon retrobulbar injection of triamcinolone acetonide (20 mg) between June 2003 and September 2004, while being treated at Kagawa University Hospital or Okayama Saiseikai General Hospital. Diabetes mellitus had been diagnosed in ten of the patients. Steroid responders were defined as having a relative increase in intraocular pressure (IOP) of >6 mmHg and an absolute IOP >20 mmHg with an anatomically open anterior chamber angle. The mean follow-up time was 4.2 +/- 0.2 months (range, 3-6 months). RESULTS: Nine patients were responders and 40 patients were nonresponders. The elevation of the IOP occurred 1 to 4 weeks after the injection. The only preoperative predictive factor for the steroid responders was the presence of diabetes mellitus (multiple logistic regression analysis, odds ratio = 32.78, P = 0.006). After topical glaucoma medication, the IOP returned to acceptable levels in all responders. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest an association between diabetes mellitus and elevated IOP after a trans-Tenon retrobulbar triamcinolone acetonide injection.
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Neovascularização de Coroide/tratamento farmacológico , Glucocorticoides/efeitos adversos , Edema Macular/tratamento farmacológico , Hipertensão Ocular/induzido quimicamente , Triancinolona/efeitos adversos , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Neovascularização de Coroide/fisiopatologia , Retinopatia Diabética/complicações , Feminino , Seguimentos , Glucocorticoides/administração & dosagem , Humanos , Injeções , Edema Macular/etiologia , Edema Macular/fisiopatologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Hipertensão Ocular/fisiopatologia , Órbita , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Triancinolona/administração & dosagemRESUMO
PURPOSE: To evaluate the effects of radial optic neurotomy (RON) on retinal circulation in patients with central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) by indocyanine green (ICG) videoangiography and a computer-assisted image analysis. DESIGN: An interventional case series. METHODS: RON was performed in 15 eyes of 15 patients with CRVO. Within 72 hours before the surgery and at 3 months after the surgery, ICG videoangiography was performed with a scanning laser ophthalmoscope, and the images were transferred to a computer. Two measurement points were selected, one on a main retinal artery close to the optic disk and the other on the corresponding retinal vein. At each point, fluorescence intensities were serially measured, and dye dilution curves were obtained. Retinal circulation times (DeltaT(50)) before and after the surgery were calculated. RESULTS: Mean preoperative DeltaT(50) was 6.46 +/- 1.36 seconds, and mean postoperative DeltaT(50) was 6.80 +/- 2.50 seconds. In 8 of 15 eyes, T(50) decreased by 6.8% to 29.6% after the surgery. In the seven eyes that developed chorioretinal anastomosis (CRA) at the site of RON, DeltaT(50) decreased after the surgery. In contrast, DeltaT(50) decreased postoperatively in only one of the eight eyes without CRA. Best-corrected visual acuity improved significantly after the surgery in the group of eyes with improvement in DeltaT(50), but not in the group of eyes without improvement in DeltaT(50). CONCLUSIONS: Some degree of retinal circulation improvement occurred in approximately half of these eyes, which appears to be correlated with the development of CRA.
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Corantes , Angiofluoresceinografia/métodos , Verde de Indocianina , Nervo Óptico/cirurgia , Oclusão da Veia Retiniana/cirurgia , Idoso , Circulação Sanguínea , Feminino , Humanos , Processamento de Imagem Assistida por Computador , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Disco Óptico/irrigação sanguínea , Oclusão da Veia Retiniana/diagnóstico , Oclusão da Veia Retiniana/fisiopatologia , Vasos Retinianos/fisiopatologiaRESUMO
PURPOSE: To investigate the effect of Ginkgo biloba extract (EGb 761) against neurotoxicity of retinal ganglion cells of rats with chronic moderately elevated intraocular pressure (IOP). METHODS: Unilateral chronic moderately elevated IOP was produced in rats by cautery of three episcleral vessels. Secondary degeneration was measured with and without EGb 761 for 5 months. At 5 months, retinal ganglion cells were labeled with a fast blue tracer applied to both superior colliculi. Densities of surviving retinal ganglion cells were estimated by counting fast blue labeled cells in whole mounted retinas. RESULTS: When compared with their contralateral control eyes with normal IOP, in the peripheral retina, retinal ganglion cell loss in eyes with chronic, moderately elevated IOP was 29.8 +/- 1.5% (n=5) at 5 months in untreated animals and 4.6 +/- 4.5% (n=5) at 5 months in treated animals with EGb 761. CONCLUSIONS: Pretreatment and early posttreatment with EGb 761 is an effective neuroprotectant in a rat model of chronic glaucoma.