The presentation delay and differences of symptoms manifestation in Myocardial Infarction patients with and without Diabetes: a cross-sectional study.

Patients with diabetes have a higher risk of coronary artery disease (CAD). This study aims to evaluate the effect of diabetes on the symptoms and the delay it causes in seeking medical treatment. Methodology: This cross-sectional study was conducted from 1 January 2021 to 30 June 2022, in three major tertiary care hospitals in Karachi, Pakistan. Patients falling in the inclusion criteria included those who were diagnosed with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) or Non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) and those that were clinically stable and answered the questions within 48 h of admission to the hospital with or without the help of their family members. The association of the demographic variables, symptoms, presentation delay, and distance from the hospital was determined between the diabetics and the nondiabetics using the χ 2-test. A P-value of less than 0.05 was considered significant. Results: Among the patients with diabetes, 147 (90.7%) were smokers, 148 (91.4%) had a history of hypertension, 102 (63.0%) had a history of ischemic heart disease, and 96 (59.3%) patient's family history is significant for CAD. The higher educational level, smoking, hypertension, history of ischemic heart disease, and family history of CAD were found to be significantly related to diabetes with a P-value of less than 0.05. Patients with diabetes did not believe they have myocardial infarction was the most common cause of delay. Conclusion: The findings of our study conclude that diabetes significantly causes a delay in myocardial infarction patients seeking medical help as compared to nondiabetics.

Prevalence and etiology of Helicobacter pylori infection in dyspepsia patients: a hospital-based cross-sectional study.

Helicobacter pylori infection is seropositive in ~50% of people globally. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate its prevalence in dyspepsia patients. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre (JPMC) from January to June 2022 to find out the prevalence and risk factors of H. pylori in dyspepsia patients. A prevalidated questionnaire was used to collect the data from 180 patients. This study adheres to the principles outlined in the Helsinki Declaration. The χ 2-test was applied, and the odds ratio and 95% CI were calculated to find the association of H. pylori with the risk factors. Results: A total of 180 patients were enrolled in this study, of whom, 73 (40.6%) patients were male and 107 (59.4%) were female. In seropositive H. pylori patients, 80 (60.6%) patients had nausea or vomiting, 110 (83.3%) patients were found to have flatulence, 128 (97.7%) patients were experiencing frequent burping, and 114 (86.4%) patients were having epigastric pain. The household member greater than 4, smoking, rural area residence, NSAIDs consumption, BMI greater than 25, O+ blood group, and Rhesus positive status were significantly associated with H. pylori with a P value of less than 0.05. Conclusion: This study concludes that the prevalence of H. pylori in our population is high, and the risk factors identified are lower class, BMI greater than 25, smoking, O+ blood group, NSAID consumption, rural area residence, household member greater than 4, Rhesus positive status, and the symptoms of nausea or vomiting, frequent burping, epigastric pain, and flatulence. Patients with an increased number of risk factors should be taken into consideration for an appropriate checkup.