PECULIARITIES OF IMMUNE STATUS IN THE PRESENCE OF SECONDARY IMMUNODEFICIENCY OF INFECTIOUS AND NON-INFECTIOUS ORIGIN IN WOMEN OF REPRODUCTIVE AGE.

The design of studies on the immune system does not have gender peculiarities, but the information about the higher frequency of pathology of the female reproductive system in the presence of immunodeficiency condition determines the purpose of this study, namely, to identify the features of immune status in the presence of secondary immunodeficiency of infectious (i.e., HIV infection, AIDS stage) and non-infectious origin (alcohol dependence syndrome) and their combination in women of reproductive age. The material for the study of cellular and humoral immunity was a lymphocyte suspension obtained by centrifugation of peripheral blood (taken within 12 hours after death) in women of reproductive age with HIV infection (AIDS stage), alcohol dependence syndrome and their combination. Immunological examination included the determination of quantitative indicators of cellular immunity using monoclonal antibodies: T-lymphocytes (CD3) and their main subpopulations of T-helper cells (CD4), cytotoxic lymphocytes (CD8), CD4/CD8 immunoregulatory index; as well as indicators of humoral immunity: B-lymphocytes (CD19) and immunoglobulins of the main classes (IgA, IgG, IgM). Additionally, interleukins IL-6 and IL-10 were studied to determine the parameters of the cytokine profile. The study indicates that the number of leukocytes and lymphocytes in the group of deceased women with alcohol dependence syndrome was 3.6±0.38x109/l and 0.82±0.35x109/l; in deceased women with HIV/AIDS, these indicators were reduced - 2.9±0.03x109/l and 0.39±0.04x109/l, respectively; and in deceased women with combined pathology (AIDS and alcohol dependence syndrome), they were reduced even more intensively - 2.7±0.04x109/l and 0.35±0.06x109/l (p<0.01). Compared to the control group - 5.22±0.4x109/l and 1.73±0.21x109/l - the number of leukocytes and lymphocytes was reduced in all study groups. In the group of deceased women with alcohol dependence syndrome, significant impairments in the proliferative activity of T-lymphocytes (CD3) and their subpopulation (CD4), as well as B lymphocytes (CD19) and natural killer cells (CD16) were found compared to the group of healthy individuals. Thus, in the control group, the percentage, and absolute values of CD3 were 60.37±4.2% and 1.04±0.05×106/l, and in women suffering from chronic alcoholism, they were statistically significantly lower - 49.1±3.1% and 0.42±0.08×106/l, respectively, p<0.01. The same tendency was found when comparing the values of T-helper cells (CD4) in the control group (44.2±2.9% and 0.76±0.13×106/l) and in deceased patients suffering from chronic alcoholism (33.7±4.6% and 0.28±0.23×106/l), p<0.01. Secondary immunodeficiencies of infectious and non-infectious origin in women (in particular, those formed in HIV/AIDS, alcohol dependence syndrome and their combination) are characterized by negative changes in the cellular and humoral components of the immune system, as evidenced by the presence of transient immunodeficiency, activation of cytolytic and auto aggressive reactions. As a result of these processes, systemic and organ pathology develops, in particular, weakening of the body's resistance to various infections and pathological changes in organs and tissues, which may be one of the links in the development of pathological processes in internal organs and tissues.

[The study of a diagnostic model of mucogingival deformities using high-frequency ultrasound dopplerography]. / Primenenie vysokochastotnoi ul'trazvukovoi dopplerografii u patsientov s mukogingival'nymi deformatsiyami.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study is to increase the effectiveness of diagnostics of microhemocirculatory changes in periodontal tissues in anatomical and functional disorders of the mucogingival complex, based on the use of the method of discriminant analysis of ultrasound opplerography. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 187 patients aged 18-44 years (young age according to WHO) were examined without concomitant somatic pathology with various variants of anatomical structures of the mucous-gingival complex, which included an assessment of blood flow in periodontal tissues by ultrasound dopplerography at rest and during a functional test of the tension of the soft tissues of the upper and lower lip, cheeks using an opt-out. After qualitative and quantitative analysis of dopplerograms, an automated assessment of the microhemocirculation of the studied structures was performed, identifying differences between groups using step-by-step discriminant analysis with the study of several variables. RESULTS: Depending on the type of reaction to the sample, a model of the distribution of patients into separate groups based on the application of the discriminant analysis method is proposed. It was found that patients of all groups were classified statistically significantly (p<0.05) and the possibility of distributing patients according to the described criteria (the ratio of the maximum systolic blood flow rate along the mean velocity curve, Vas) to a specific class corresponding to the highest value of the function was proved. CONCLUSION: The proposed method for assessing the functional state of periodontal tissue vessels allows classifying patients with high accuracy and a minimum of the probability of false results, reliably assess the degree of existing functional disorders, determine the prognosis and further tactics of therapeutic and preventive measures and can be recommended for use in clinical practice.

[Results of redo liver resections for metastatic colorectal cancer]. / Rezul'taty povtornykh rezektsii pecheni pri metastaticheskom kolorektal'nom rake.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze patients undergoing redo liver resections for metastatic colorectal cancer. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study included 14 patients with colorectal cancer who underwent several redo liver resections for metastatic lesions between September 2011 and June 2021. Mean age of patients was 63.5 years. Left-sided colonic G2 adenocarcinoma T4N1-2 prevailed (wild-type KRAS). RESULTS: Fourteen patients (100%) underwent two liver resections, 7 (50%) - three resections, 1 (7.1%) - four resections. Mean period between the first and the second liver resections was 16.2 months, between the second and the third resections - 9.9 months, between the third and the fourth resections - 5 months. Maximum follow-up period after primary surgery was 9 years and 9 months. Seventy-five percent of patients were alive after 34.2 months, 50% - after 58.9 months. N+ status of colorectal tumor decreased survival while KRAS mutation and synchronous metastatic liver lesions increased survival. CONCLUSION: Redo liver resections for metastatic colorectal cancer are safe and ensure favorable long-term survival in certain patients.

[Hybrid vascular interventions on the peripheral arteries in the treatment of critical ischemia in elderly patients.]

Peripheral arterial disease has a huge contribution to the overall mortality rate of the population, especially in the group of patients of old and old age. The likelihood of an adverse outcome is increased against a background with other possible nosological forms. In particular, the combination of peripheral atherosclerosis with diabetes mellitus very often manifests itself in the form of a multilevel lesion of the lower limb arteries. The treatment of such patients is very difficult, since the use of only open or endovascular approaches has its own contraindications and limitations, and cannot be used throughout the course of the lesion. The way out of this situation is the use of a hybrid approach, which consists in the combination of an open surgical reconstruction on the upper floors of the lesion and balloon angioplasty on the arteries of the lower leg. This approach allows you to use the advantages of both methods and achieve good results of treatment. The article presents the experience of treatment using a hybrid approach in elderly and senile patients with multilevel lesion of the lower limb arteries on the background of diabetes mellitus.

[IMPROVEMENT OF ETIOLOGICAL DIAGNOSIS OF THE CEREBRAL TOXOPLASMOSIS IN HIV-INFECTED PERSONS].

The objective of the study was to determine the diagnostic value of the parallel detection of the avidity index of the IgG to Toxoplasma gondii in the blood and cerebrospinal fluid by a three-step solid-phase enzyme immunoassay using T. gondii antigen, protein dissociating agent and monoclonal antibodies against human IgG at HIV-infected individuals with a focal damage of the brain. The results of the study showed that conducting of the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay by a direct and dissociated method makes it possible to detect specific intrathecal and serum immunoglobulins, which is proposed in terms of improving diagnosis of cerebral toxoplasmosis in HIV-infected individuals. The high informative ability of the test system for detecting the avidity index of IgG antibodies to T. gondii allows the possibility to apply it in the algorithm for diagnosing an etiological factor of neuroinfection in HIV-infected individuals.

PREVAILING CLINICO-PATHOGENETIC PARAMETERS IN PATIENTS WITH POLYPOUS RHINOSINUSITIS.

Aim - Improvement of polypous rhinosinusitis anti-relapse treatment efficacy by distinguishing of the core meaningful factors of the disease's development. The study included 300 patients with polypous rhinosinusitis aged 18-77 years. Comprehensive evaluation of the data is done by means of factor analysis by the method of the main components with subsequent varimax-rotation of the factor axes. The critical value of p-level was 0.05. As a result of the factorial analysis, 6 main factors were identified, the joint action of which explains 53.72% of the variability of indicators for the polypous rhinosinusitis. The factor analysis allowed to distinguish the groups of indicators and estimate the specific weight of individual pathogenetic factors in the development of polypous rhinosinusitis, which might be conditionally combined under the general names of «clinic-immune¼, «clinic-pathomorphological¼, «immunoregulatory¼, «clinical-microbiological¼, «violation local protection¼,¼epidemiological and demographic «factors. The effect of two of the most powerful factors («clinical-immune¼ and «clinic-pathomorphological factor¼) is explained by 46.47% of the variability of indicators. Factor estimates for the most potent «clinically-immune-causative factor¼ with a high degree of reliability distinguished groups of patients with the first identified polypous rhinosinusitis and its relapse. Perspectives of further investigations are related to mathematical modeling of the pathological process using artificial neural networks.

Plant Extracts in Development of Medicinal Products of Various Therapeutic Value.

Development, standardization and use of medicinal products of plant origin and various therapeutic value are described in the review. The literature data refer to the studies of some leading institutions of the Russian Federation and in particular to the Medical Institute of the Russian University of Peoples' Friendship, All-Russian Research Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Pyatigorsk State Pharmaceutical Academy and some foreign laboratories. Possible use of the trichoderma extract and its prospects are shown.

Observation of the ψ(1 3D2) State in e+e-→π+π-γχc1 at BESIII.

We report the observation of the X(3823) state in the process e+e-→π+π-X(3823)→π+π-γχc1 with a statistical significance of 6.2σ, in data samples at center-of-mass energies sqrt[s]=4.230, 4.260, 4.360, 4.420, and 4.600 GeV collected with the BESIII detector at the BEPCII electron positron collider. The measured mass of the X(3823) state is (3821.7±1.3±0.7) MeV/c2, where the first error is statistical and the second systematic, and the width is less than 16 MeV at the 90% confidence level. The products of the Born cross sections for e+e-→π+π-X(3823) and the branching ratio B[X(3823)→γχc1,c2] are also measured. These measurements are in good agreement with the assignment of the X(3823) state as the ψ(1 3D2) charmonium state.

Study of e(+)e(-)→ωχ(cJ) at center of mass energies from 4.21 to 4.42 GeV.

Based on data samples collected with the BESIII detector at the BEPCII collider at nine center of mass energies from 4.21 to 4.42 GeV, we search for the production of e^{+}e^{-}→ωχ_{cJ} (J=0, 1, 2). The process e^{+}e^{-}→ωχ_{c0} is observed for the first time, and the Born cross sections at sqrt[s]=4.23 and 4.26 GeV are measured to be (55.4±6.0±5.9) and (23.7±5.3±3.5) pb, respectively, where the first uncertainties are statistical and the second are systematic. The ωχ_{c0} signals at the other seven energies and the e^{+}e^{-}→ωχ_{c1} and ωχ_{c2} signals are not significant, and the upper limits on the cross sections are determined. By examining the ωχ_{c0} cross section as a function of center of mass energy, we find that it is inconsistent with the line shape of the Y(4260) observed in e^{+}e^{-}→π^{+}π^{-}J/ψ. Assuming the ωχ_{c0} signals come from a single resonance, we extract the mass and width of the resonance to be (4230±8±6) MeV/c^{2} and (38±12±2) MeV, respectively, and the statistical significance is more than 9σ.

[Use of human insulin analogues in young patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus: Results of the RESULT observational program on the use of insulin glargine (Lantus) in combination with insulin glulisine (Apidra) as a basal-bolus regimen]. / Primenenie analogov insulina cheloveka u patsientov molodogo vozrasta s sakharnym diabetom 1-go tipa: rezul'taty nablyudatel'noi programmy RESULT po primeneniyu insulina glargin (Lantus) v kombinatsii s insulinom glulizin (Apidra) v bazal'no-bolyusnom rezhime.

AIM: To implement in 2009-2012 the RESULT observational program on the use of insulin glargine (Lantus) in combination with insulin glulisine (Apidra) as a basal-bolus regimen in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM) to evaluate the efficiency and safety of therapy with human insulin analogues. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The program covered 100 patients aged 19 to 25 years from 7 regions of the Russian Federation, who had had DM onset at the age of 9-13 years, were using human recombinant insulins as continuous insulin therapy, and had glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels of 7 to 9%. The main inclusion criterion was switching to insulin therapy with the human insulin analogues Lantus and Apidra. RESULTS: A total 41 men and 59 women were followed up. Their mean baseline HbA1c level was 8.3±0.7%. After 24 months of therapy, HbA1c was significantly decreased to 7.7±0.7%; its change compared with that at Visit 1 was -0.6±0.6% (p<0.001). There was a significant reduction in fasting and postprandial blood glucose levels at 3 months of a follow-up. The number of symptomatic and asymptomatic glycemic episodes declined. No nocturnal or severe hypoglycemic episodes were recorded at 24 months of therapy. Microvascular complications did not progress during the follow-up. CONCLUSION: The use of human insulin analogues is effective and safe in treating young diabetic patients, improves their quality of life and confers no risk of asymptomatic or nocturnal hypoglycemic states.

Observation of e+e- → γX(3872) at BESIII.

With data samples collected with the BESIII detector operating at the BEPCII storage ring at center-of-mass energies from 4.009 to 4.420 GeV, the process e+e-→ γX(3872) is observed for the first time with a statistical significance of 6.3σ. The measured mass of the X(3872) is (3871.9 ± 0.7s tat ± 0.2 syst) MeV/c(2), in agreement with previous measurements. Measurements of the product of the cross section σ[e+e- → γX(3872)] and the branching fraction B[X(3872)→π+π-J/ψ] at center-of-mass energies 4.009, 4.229, 4.260, and 4.360 GeV are reported. Our measurements are consistent with expectations for the radiative transition process Y(4260) → γX(3872).

Observation of η'→π+ π π+ π- and η'→π+π- π0 π0.

Using a sample of 1.3 × 10(9) J/ψ events collected with the BESIII detector, we report the first observation of η(')→π(+)π(-)π(+)π(-) and η(')→π(+)π(-)π(0)π(0). The measured branching fractions are B(η(')→π(+)π(-)π(+)π(-)) = [8.53 ± 0.69(stat.) ± 0.64(syst.)]×10(-5) and B(η(')→π(+)π(-)π(0) π(0)) = [1.82 ± 0.35(stat.) ± 0.18(syst.)] × 10(-4), which are consistent with theoretical predictions based on a combination of chiral perturbation theory and vector-meson dominance.

Observation of e(+)e(-)→π(0)π(0)hc and a neutral charmoniumlike structure Zc(4020)(0).

Using data collected with the BESIII detector operating at the Beijing Electron Positron Collider at center-of-mass energies of sqrt[s]=4.23, 4.26, and 4.36 GeV, we observe e(+)e(-)→π(0)π(0)hc for the first time. The Born cross sections are measured and found to be about half of those of e(+)e(-)→π(+)π(-)hc within less than 2σ. In the π(0)hc mass spectrum, a structure at 4.02 GeV/c(2) is found. It is most likely to be the neutral isospin partner of the Zc(4020)(±) observed in the process of e(+)e(-)→π(+)π(-)hc being found. A fit to the π(0)hc invariant mass spectrum, with the width of the Zc(4020)(0) fixed to that of its charged isospin partner and possible interferences with non-Zc(4020)(0) amplitudes neglected, gives a mass of (4023.9±2.2±3.8) MeV/c(2) for the Zc(4020)(0), where the first error is statistical and the second systematic.

Observation of a charged charmoniumlike structure in e+ e- → (D* D*)± π∓ at √s = 4.26 GeV.

We study the process e+ e- →(D* D*)± π∓ at a center-of-mass energy of 4.26 GeV using a 827 pb(-1) data sample obtained with the BESIII detector at the Beijing Electron Positron Collider. Based on a partial reconstruction technique, the Born cross section is measured to be (137±9±15) pb. We observe a structure near the (D* D*)± threshold in the π∓ recoil mass spectrum, which we denote as the Zc±(4025). The measured mass and width of the structure are (4026.3±2.6±3.7) MeV/c2 and (24.8±5.6±7.7) MeV, respectively. Its production ratio σ(e+ e- → Zc±(4025)π∓ → (D* D*)± π∓)/σ(e+ e- → (D* D*)± π∓) is determined to be 0.65±0.09±0.06. The first uncertainties are statistical and the second are systematic.

Observation of a charged (DD*)± mass peak in e+ e- → πDD* at sqrt[s] = 4.26 GeV.

We report on a study of the process e+ e- → π± (DD*)∓ at sqrt[s] = 4.26 GeV using a 525 pb(-1) data sample collected with the BESIII detector at the BEPCII storage ring. A distinct charged structure is observed in the (DD*)∓ invariant mass distribution. When fitted to a mass-dependent-width Breit-Wigner line shape, the pole mass and width are determined to be Mpole = (3883.9±1.5(stat)±4.2(syst)) MeV/c2 and Γpole = (24.8±3.3(stat)±11.0(syst)) MeV. The mass and width of the structure, which we refer to as Zc(3885), are 2σ and 1σ, respectively, below those of the Zc(3900) → π± J/ψ peak observed by BESIII and Belle in π+ π- J/ψ final states produced at the same center-of-mass energy. The angular distribution of the πZc(3885) system favors a JP = 1+ quantum number assignment for the structure and disfavors 1- or 0-. The Born cross section times the DD* branching fraction of the Zc(3885) is measured to be σ(e+ e- → π± Zc(3885)∓)×B(Zc(3885)∓ → (DD*)∓) = (83.5±6.6(stat)±22.0(syst)) pb. Assuming the Zc(3885) → DD* signal reported here and the Zc(3900) → πJ/ψ signal are from the same source, the partial width ratio (Γ(Zc(3885) → DD*)/Γ(Zc(3900) → πJ/ψ)) = 6.2±1.1(stat)±2.7(syst) is determined.

Calcium ion supplementation increases brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis spermatozoa activation at the end of the spawning season.

The role of environmental ion composition and osmolality in calcium ion (Ca(2+) ) signalling of spermatozoa activation over the course of the spawning period of brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis was investigated. Motility at the end of spawning was low (mean ± s.d. of 5 ± 2% motile spermatozoa with curvilinear velocity of 25 ± 8 µm s(-1) ). Addition of 10 mM Ca(2+) to the activation medium resulted in values similar to those recorded during the middle of the spawning period (mean ± s.d. of 95 ± 6% motile spermatozoa with curvilinear velocity of 130 ± 15 µm s(-1) ).

Observation of two new N* resonances in the decay ψ(3686)→ppπ0.

Based on 106×10(6)ψ(3686) events collected with the BESIII detector at the BEPCII facility, a partial wave analysis of ψ(3686)→ppπ0 is performed. The branching fraction of this channel has been determined to be B(ψ(3686)→ppπ0)=(1.65±0.03±0.15)×10(-4). In this decay, 7 N* intermediate resonances are observed. Among these, two new resonances, N(2300) and N(2570) are significant, one 1/2+ resonance with a mass of 2300(-30-0)(+40+109) MeV/c2 and width of 340(-30-58)(+30+110) MeV/c2, and one 5/2- resonance with a mass of 2570(-10-10)(+19+34) MeV/c2 and width of 250(-24-21)(+14+69) MeV/c2. For the remaining 5 N* intermediate resonances [N(1440), N(1520), N(1535), N(1650) and N(1720)], the analysis yields mass and width values that are consistent with those from established resonances.

Observation of a charged charmoniumlike structure in e+ e- → π+ π- J/ψ at sqrt[s] = 4.26 GeV.

We study the process ee+ e- → π+ π- J/ψ at a center-of-mass energy of 4.260 GeV using a 525 pb(-1) data sample collected with the BESIII detector operating at the Beijing Electron Positron Collider. The Born cross section is measured to be (62.9±1.9±3.7) pb, consistent with the production of the Y(4260). We observe a structure at around 3.9 GeV/c2 in the π(±)J/ψ mass spectrum, which we refer to as the Z(c)(3900). If interpreted as a new particle, it is unusual in that it carries an electric charge and couples to charmonium. A fit to the π(±)J/ψ invariant mass spectrum, neglecting interference, results in a mass of (3899.0±3.6±4.9) MeV/c2 and a width of (46±10±20) MeV. Its production ratio is measured to be R = (σ(e+ e- → π(±)Z(c)(3900)(∓) → π+ π- J/ψ)/σ(e+ e- → π+ π- J/ψ)) = (21.5±3.3±7.5)%. In all measurements the first errors are statistical and the second are systematic.

Observation of a charged charmoniumlike structure Zc(4020) and search for the Zc(3900) in e+e-→π+π-hc.

We study e+e-→π+π-hc at center-of-mass energies from 3.90 to 4.42 GeV by using data samples collected with the BESIII detector operating at the Beijing Electron Positron Collider. The Born cross sections are measured at 13 energies and are found to be of the same order of magnitude as those of e+e-→π+π-J/ψ but with a different line shape. In the π±hc mass spectrum, a distinct structure, referred to as Zc(4020), is observed at 4.02 GeV/c2. The Zc(4020) carries an electric charge and couples to charmonium. A fit to the π±hc invariant mass spectrum, neglecting possible interferences, results in a mass of (4022.9±0.8±2.7) MeV/c2 and a width of (7.9±2.7±2.6) MeV for the Zc(4020), where the first errors are statistical and the second systematic. The difference between the parameters of this structure and the Zc(4025) observed in the D*D[over ¯]* final state is within 1.5σ, but whether they are the same state needs further investigation. No significant Zc(3900) signal is observed, and upper limits on the Zc(3900) production cross sections in π±hc at center-of-mass energies of 4.23 and 4.26 GeV are set.

Silicon nanophotonic devices for chip-scale optical communication applications [Invited].

This paper reviews recent work in the area of silicon photonic devices and circuits for monolithic and heterogeneous integration of circuits and systems on a chip. In this context, it presents fabrication results for producing low-loss silicon waveguides without etching. Resonators and add-drop distributed filters utilizing sidewall modulation fabricated in a single lithography and etching step are demonstrated. It also presents an optical pulse compressor that monolithically integrates self-phase modulation and anomalous dispersion compensation devices on a silicon chip. As an example of heterogeneous integration, we demonstrate vertical emitting metallo-dielectric nanolasers integrated onto a silicon platform. Future research directions toward large-scale photonic circuits and systems on a chip also are discussed.