ac Hall Effect and Photon Drag of Superconducting Condensates.

We suggest a theoretical description of the photogalvanic phenomena arising in superconducting condensates in the field of electromagnetic wave. The ac Hall effect and photon drag are shown to originate from the second-order nonlinear response of superconducting carriers caused by the suppression of their concentration due to the combined influence of the electron-hole asymmetry and charge imbalance generated by the incident electromagnetic wave. Starting from the time-dependent Ginzburg-Landau theory with the complex relaxation constant, we develop a phenomenological description of these phenomena and investigate the resulting behavior of the dc supercurrent and second harmonic induced by microwave radiation incident on a superconductor surface.

Extremely long-range, high-temperature Josephson coupling across a half-metallic ferromagnet.

The Josephson effect results from the coupling of two superconductors across a spacer such as an insulator, a normal metal or a ferromagnet to yield a phase coherent quantum state. However, in junctions with ferromagnetic spacers, very long-range Josephson effects have remained elusive. Here we demonstrate extremely long-range (micrometric) high-temperature (tens of kelvins) Josephson coupling across the half-metallic manganite La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 combined with the superconducting cuprate YBa2Cu3O7. These planar junctions, in addition to large critical currents, display the hallmarks of Josephson physics, such as critical current oscillations driven by magnetic flux quantization and quantum phase locking effects under microwave excitation (Shapiro steps). The latter display an anomalous doubling of the Josephson frequency predicted by several theories. In addition to its fundamental interest, the marriage between high-temperature, dissipationless quantum coherent transport and full spin polarization brings opportunities for the practical realization of superconducting spintronics, and opens new perspectives for quantum computing.

Transcriptomic Analysis of DNA Repair Pathways in Human Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Cells Surviving Multifraction X-Ray Irradiation.

Radioresistant sublines of non-small cell lung cancer cells differing in the p53 status were obtained: A549 (p53 wild type) and H1299 (p53 deficient). The exposure to ionizing radiation was carried out using a standard protocol developed on the basis of empirical clinical experience and consisting in exposure in a dose of 2 Gy once a day, 5 days a week up to total dose of 60 Gy. The cells survived after irradiation demonstrated reduced radiosensitivity, as well as changes in differential gene expression in comparison with parental cells. Some differences in the signaling pathways involved in DNA repair were revealed.

Inverse Faraday Effect for Superconducting Condensates.

The Cooper pairs in superconducting condensates are shown to acquire a temperature-dependent dc magnetic moment under the effect of the circularly polarized electromagnetic radiation. The mechanisms of this inverse Faraday effect are investigated within the simplest version of the phenomenological dynamic theory for superfluids, namely, the time-dependent Ginzburg-Landau (GL) model. The light-induced magnetic moment is shown to be strongly affected by the nondissipative oscillatory contribution to the superconducting order parameter dynamics, which appears due to the nonzero imaginary part of the GL relaxation time. The relevance of the latter quantity to the Hall effect in the superconducting state allows us to establish the connection between the direct and inverse Faraday phenomena.

Molecular Pathway Activation Markers Are Associated with Efficacy of Trastuzumab Therapy in Metastatic HER2-Positive Breast Cancer Better than Individual Gene Expression Levels.

Increased expression or amplification of HER2 receptor tyrosine kinase gene ERBB2 is well-known and widely used as a prognostic biomarker of breast cancer (BC) response to the targeted treatment with trastuzumab and its analogs. Considering that part of the BC patients overexpressing HER2 does not respond to trastuzumab, clinical trial NCT03521245 was initiated to identify additional gene expression and molecular pathway activation response biomarkers to trastuzumab treatment in HER2-positive BC. Using RNA sequencing gene expression in 23 formalin-fixed, paraffin embedded HER2 positive BC tissue blocks from patients who either responded or not responded to trastuzumab treatment was profiled. Differentially regulated genes and molecular pathways were identified in the groups of trastuzumab responders and non-responders. These results were next compared with the 42 previously published BC trastuzumab responder and non-responder RNA sequencing profiles from the clinical trials NCT00513292 and NCT00353483. No correlation was observed between the response status and the expression levels of ERBB2 gene in the HER2 positive BC samples. Analysis of the differentially expressed genes and molecular pathways in the combined dataset revealed 15/27 commonly up/down regulated genes and 15/25 pathways, respectively. However, only the intersection of molecular pathways upregulated in trastuzumab responders vs non-responders was statistically significantly enriched compared to the random expectation model. A classifier built using the most significantly upregulated molecular pathway - cAMP Pathway Protein Retention - demonstrated the best performance for prediction of the HER2 positive BC response to trastuzumab for both our experimental and previously reported data. This pathway also predicted time to recurrence in the combined dataset with Log-rank p-value 0.041.

Erratum: Magnetic Moment Manipulation by a Josephson Current [Phys. Rev. Lett. 102, 017001 (2009)].

This corrects the article DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.102.017001.

Theory of Magnetic Domain Phases in Ferromagnetic Superconductors.

Recently discovered superconducting P-doped EuFe_{2}As_{2} compounds reveal the situation when the superconducting critical temperature substantially exceeds the ferromagnetic transition temperature. The main mechanism of the interplay between magnetism and superconductivity occurs to be an electromagnetic one, and a short-period magnetic domain structure was observed just below Curie temperature [V. S. Stolyarov et al., Sci. Adv. 4, eaat1061 (2018)SACDAF2375-254810.1126/sciadv.aat1061]. We elaborate a theory of such a transition and demonstrate how the initial sinusoidal magnetic structure gradually transforms into a solitonlike domain one. Further cooling may trigger a first-order transition from the short-period domain Meissner phase to the self-induced ferromagnetic vortex state, and we calculate the parameters of this transition. The size of the domains in the vortex state is basically the same as in the normal ferromagnet, but with the domain walls which should generate the set of vortices perpendicular to the vortices in the domains.

Magnetic Exchange Fields and Domain Wall Superconductivity at an All-Oxide Superconductor-Ferromagnet Insulator Interface.

At a superconductor-ferromagnet (S/F) interface, the F layer can introduce a magnetic exchange field within the S layer, which acts to locally spin split the superconducting density of states. The effect of magnetic exchange fields on superconductivity has been thoroughly explored at S-ferromagnet insulator (S/FI) interfaces for isotropic s-wave S and a thickness that is smaller than the superconducting coherence length. Here we report a magnetic exchange field effect at an all-oxide S/FI interface involving the anisotropic d-wave high temperature superconductor praseodymium cerium copper oxide (PCCO) and the FI praseodymium calcium manganese oxide (PCMO). The magnetic exchange field in PCCO, detected via magnetotransport measurements through the superconducting transition, is localized to the PCCO/PCMO interface with an average magnitude that depends on the presence or absence of magnetic domain walls in PCMO. The results are promising for the development of all-oxide superconducting spintronic devices involving unconventional pairing and high temperature superconductors.

Temperature Controlled Fulde-Ferrell-Larkin-Ovchinnikov Instability in Superconductor-Ferromagnet Hybrids.

We show that a wide class of layered superconductor-ferromagnet (S/F) hybrids demonstrates the emergence of the Fulde-Ferrell-Larkin-Ovchinnikov (FFLO) phase well below the superconducting transition temperature. By decreasing the temperature, one can switch the system from uniform to the FFLO state which is accompanied by the damping of the diamagnetic Meissner response down to zero and also by the sign change in the curvature of the current-velocity dependence. Our estimates show that an additional layer of the normal metal (N) covering the ferromagnet substantially softens the conditions required for the predicted FFLO instability, and for existing S/F/N systems, the temperature of the transition into the FFLO phase can reach several kelvins.

Spontaneous Currents in Superconducting Systems with Strong Spin-Orbit Coupling.

We show that Rashba spin-orbit coupling at the interface between a superconductor and a ferromagnet should produce a spontaneous current in the atomic thickness region near the interface. This current is counterbalanced by the superconducting screening current flowing in the region of the width of the London penetration depth near the interface. Such a current-carrying state creates a magnetic field near the superconductor surface, generates a stray magnetic field outside the sample edges, changes the slope of the temperature dependence of the critical field H_{c3}, and may generate the spontaneous Abrikosov vortices near the interface.

Potentialities of MicroRNA Diagnosis in Patients with Bladder Cancer.

Despite promising vista of the use of microRNA in molecular diagnosis of bladder cancer, there are few data on their expression profiles, which impedes assessment of diagnostic value of these marker molecules. In this study, suppression subtractive hybridization, on-chip hybridization, and high-throughput deep sequencing focused on profiling microRNA and assessing the diagnostic value of revealed marker molecules.

Giant Mesoscopic Fluctuations and Long-Range Superconducting Correlations in Superconductor-Ferromagnet Structures.

The fluctuating superconducting correlations emerging in dirty hybrid structures under the conditions of the strong proximity effect are demonstrated to affect the validity range of the widely used formalism of Usadel equations at mesoscopic scales. In superconductor-ferromagnet structures these giant mesoscopic fluctuations originating from the interference effects for the Cooper pair wave function in the presence of the exchange field can be responsible for an anomalously slow decay of superconducting correlations in a ferromagnet even when the noncollinear and spin-orbit effects are negligible. The resulting sample-to-sample fluctuations of the Josephson current in superconductor-ferromagnetic-superconductor junctions and the local density of states in superconductor-ferromagnetic hybrid structures can provide an explanation of the long-range proximity phenomena observed in mesoscopic samples with collinear magnetization.

Double Path Interference and Magnetic Oscillations in Cooper Pair Transport through a Single Nanowire.

We show that the critical current of the Josephson junction consisting of superconducting electrodes coupled through a nanowire with two conductive channels can reveal the multiperiodic magnetic oscillations. The multiperiodicity originates from the quantum mechanical interference between the channels affected by both the strong spin-orbit coupling and the Zeeman interaction. This minimal two-channel model is shown to explain the complicated interference phenomena observed recently in Josephson transport through Bi nanowires.

Direct Evidence of Flexomagnetoelectric Effect Revealed by Single-Molecule Spectroscopy.

We report direct evidence of the electric field induced by a magnetization inhomogeneity in an iron garnet film. This inhomogeneity was created by the nonuniform magnetic fields generated at domain boundaries of a type-I superconductor in the intermediate state. At liquid helium temperatures, Stark shifts of sharp single-molecule zero-phonon lines were used to probe the local electric fields generated by this flexomagnetoelectric effect. The measured electric fields are in accordance with theoretical estimations.

[Receptor tyrosine kinase KIT may regulate expression of genes involved in spontaneous regression of neuroblastoma].

Hallmark of neuroblastoma is an ability of this malignant tumor to undergo spontaneous regression or differentiation into benign tumor during any stage of the disease, but it is little known about mechanisms of these phenomena. We studied effect of receptor tyrosine kinase receptor KIT on expression of genes, which may be involved in tumor spontaneous regression. Downregulation of KIT expression by RNA interference in SH-SY5Y cells causes suppression of neurotrophin receptor NGFR expression that may promote the loss of sensibility of cells to nerve growth factors, also it causes upregulation of TrkA receptor expression which can stimulate cell differentiation or apoptosis in NGF dependent manner. Furthermore there is an upregulation of genes which stimulate malignant cell detection by immune system, such as genes of major histocompatibility complex HLA class I HLA-B and HLA-C, and interferon-γ receptors IFNGR1 and IFNGR2 genes. Thus KIT can mediate neuroblastoma cell sensibility to neurotrophins and immune system components--two factors directly contributing to spontaneous regression of neuroblastoma.

[Stimulation of proliferation by carnosine: cellular and transcriptome approaches].

Concentration of endogenous dipeptide carnosine in human muscle tissue reaches tens of millimoles. For more than 100 years of research, a lot of data concerning carnosine functions were accumulated, among which anti-aging effects are regarded most important. Heire, effect of carnosine in cell cultures was studied. It has been found that apart from the known action--an increase of the Hayflick limit and morphological rejuvenation--carnosine stimulates cell division in colony-forming assays and in the course of transition of cells to the quiescent state. The analysis of the transcriptome showed that carnosine-induced changes are mainly related to positive regulation of the cell cycle at all levels, from the onset of the DNA synthesis to chromosome condensation. One can suppose that the revealed stimulation of the cell cycle account for the carnosine-induced rejuvenation processes and a high concentration ofcarnosine in muscle tissue is required for the muscle recovery (regeneration) after excess loads.

[Experimental analysis of human specific protein coding open reading frame c11orf72].

Gene c11orf72 (also known as FLJ90834) included in human gene reference list was previously predicted on the basis oftranscriptome analysis. We show that c11orf72 predicted protein coding open reading frame is specific for human genome and that it is absent from DNAs of other investigated primate species (chimpanzee, macaque). For the first time, we systematically analyzed c11orf72 expression in five normal and two cancerous human tissues (testicles, heart, brain, lung, bladder, bladder tumor and testicular tumor) and found no transcriptional activity there. Promoter of c11orf72, located close to promoter of a housekeeping gene NDUFV1, has shown high methylation level, whereas NDUFV1 promoter was almost free from methylation. The protein product for cllorf72 was analyzed using heterologous expression in human cell lines NT2/D1 (Tera2) and HepG2, in N- and C-terminal fusion constructs with the fluorescent protein TurboGFP. C11orf72 protein showed no cytotoxic or promitotic activity and was distributed diffusely through the cell. Our data confirm the possibility of gain of new protein-coding genes during human evolution due to simple accumulation of point mutations. However, we found no evidence for the functional significance of gene c11orf72.

Vanishing Meissner effect as a hallmark of in-plane Fulde-Ferrell-Larkin-Ovchinnikov instability in superconductor-ferromagnet layered systems.

We demonstrate that in a wide class of multilayered superconductor-ferromagnet structures (e.g., S/F, S/F/N, and S/F/F') the vanishing Meissner effect signals the appearance of the in-plane Fulde-Ferrell-Larkin-Ovchinnikov (FFLO) modulated superconducting phase. In contrast to the bulk superconductors the FFLO instability in these systems can emerge at temperatures close to the critical one and is effectively controlled by the S layer thickness and the angle between magnetization vectors in the F/F' bilayers. The predicted FFLO state is revealed through the critical temperature oscillations vs the perpendicular magnetic field component.

In-plane magnetic field anisotropy of the Fulde-Ferrell-Larkin-Ovchinnikov state in layered superconductors.

There is strong experimental evidence of the Fulde-Ferrell-Larkin-Ovchinnikov (FFLO) state formation in layered organic superconductors in a parallel magnetic field. We study theoretically the interplay between the orbital effect and the FFLO modulation in this case and demonstrate that the in-plane critical field anisotropy drastically changes at the transition to the FFLO state. The very peculiar angular dependence of the superconducting onset temperature which is predicted may serve for unambiguous identification of the FFLO modulation. The obtained results permit us to suggest the modulated phase stabilization as the origin of the magnetic-field angle dependence of the onset of superconductivity experimentally observed in (TMTSF)2ClO4 organic conductors.

Interference phenomena and long-range proximity effect in clean superconductor-ferromagnet systems.

We study peculiarities of the proximity effect in clean superconductor-ferromagnet structures caused by either the spatial or momentum dependence of the exchange field. Even a small modulation of the exchange field along the quasiparticle trajectories is shown to provide a long-range contribution to the supercurrent due to the specific interference of particle- and holelike wave functions. The momentum dependence of the exchange field caused by the spin-orbit interaction results in long-range superconducting correlations even in the absence of a ferromagnetic domain structure and can explain recent experiments on ferromagnetic nanowires.