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Climate change is a prominent factor reshaping the distribution of invasive species. Metcalfa pruinosa (Say 1830) (Hemiptera: Flatidae), native to North America, has invaded other continents and poses a serious threat to various agricultural crops and the human residential environment. Understanding the distribution of M. pruinosa based on climatic conditions is a critical first step to prevent its further invasion. Therefore, based on its occurrence records and associated environmental variables, a Maxent model was developed to predict suitable areas for this species in the present and future on a global scale. The model exhibited outstanding performance, with a mean area under the receiver operating characteristic curve and true skill statistic values of 0.9329 and 0.926, respectively. The model also indicated that annual precipitation (Bio12) and max temperature of the warmest month (Bio5) were the key environmental variables limiting the distribution of M. pruinosa. Moreover, the model revealed that the current suitable area is 1.01â ×â 107 km2 worldwide, with southern China, southern Europe, and the eastern United States predicted to be the primary and highly suitable areas in the latter 2 regions. This area is expected to increase under future climate scenarios, mainly in the northern direction. The study's findings contribute to our understanding of climate change's impact on M. pruinosa distribution, and they will aid governments in developing appropriate pest management strategies, including global monitoring and strict quarantine measures.
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Distribuição Animal , Mudança Climática , Espécies Introduzidas , Animais , Hemípteros/fisiologia , Controle de Insetos/métodosRESUMO
Gastrodia elata Blume, a valuable traditional Chinese medicine with significant clinical and nutritional importance, is a fungal heterotrophic orchid. We present the first report of the mitochondrial genome structure and characteristics of 3 Scarabaeidae pests affecting G. elata: Sophrops peronosporus Gu & Zhang, Anomala rufiventris Kollar & Redtenbacher, and Callistethus plagiicollis Fairmaire. Each mitogenome contained 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 transfer RNAs (tRNAs), 2 ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs), and a control region, with no gene rearrangements observed. All 21 tRNAs, except trnS1 that lacks a dihydrouridine, had a stable cloverleaf secondary structure. Maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference analyses based on the 13 PCGs produced 2 topologically similar phylogenetic trees, both of with high nodal support. Larvae of these Scarabaeidae pests cause substantial damage by gnawing on the tubers and roots of G. elata, leading to reduced yield and compromised quality. These findings contribute to phylogenetic studies of Scarabaeidae, expand knowledge of G. elata pests, and offer valuable reference materials for their identification and control.
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Asparagales , Besouros , Gastrodia , Genoma Mitocondrial , Orchidaceae , Animais , Besouros/genética , Gastrodia/química , Gastrodia/genética , Orchidaceae/genética , Asparagales/genética , Filogenia , Teorema de BayesRESUMO
Exosomes derived from cancer cells have been recognized as a promising biomarker for minimally invasive liquid biopsy. Herein, a novel sandwich-type biosensor was fabricated for highly sensitive detection of exosomes. Amino-functionalized Fe3O4 nanoparticles were synthesized as a sensing interface with a large surface area and rapid enrichment capacity, while two-dimensional MXene nanosheets were used as signal amplifiers with excellent electrical properties. Specifically, CD63 aptamer attached Fe3O4 nanoprobes capture the target exosomes. MXene nanosheets modified with epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) aptamer were tethered on the electrode surface to enhance the quantification of exosomes captured with the detection of remaining protein sites. With such a design, the proposed biosensor showed a wide linear range from 102 particles µL-1 to 107 particles µL-1 for sensing 4T1 exosomes, with a low detection limit of 43 particles µL-1. In addition, this sensing platform can determine four different tumor cell types (4T1, Hela, HepG2, and A549) using surface proteins corresponding to aptamers 1 and 2 (CD63 and EpCAM) and showcases good specificity in serum samples. These preliminary results demonstrate the feasibility of establishing a sensitive, accurate, and inexpensive electrochemical sensor for detecting exosome concentrations and species. Moreover, they provide a significant reference for exosome applications in clinical settings, such as liquid biopsy and early cancer diagnosis.
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Aptâmeros de Nucleotídeos , Técnicas Biossensoriais , Exossomos , Nanopartículas , Humanos , Exossomos/química , Molécula de Adesão da Célula Epitelial/metabolismo , Nanopartículas/química , Técnicas Biossensoriais/métodos , Limite de Detecção , Aptâmeros de Nucleotídeos/químicaRESUMO
The integration of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) with mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) protects the former from aggregation and promotes the controlled release of silver ions, resulting in therapeutic significance on cancer and infection. The unique size, shape, pore structure and silver distribution of silver mesoporous silica nanoparticles (Ag-MSNs) embellish them with the potential to perform combined imaging and therapeutic actions via modulating optical and drug release properties. Here, we comprehensively review the recent progress in the fabrication and application of Ag-MSNs for combination therapies for cancer and infection. We first elaborate on the fabrication of star-shaped structure, core-shell structure, and Janus structure Ag-MSNs. We then highlight Ag-MSNs as a multifunctional nanoplatform to surface-enhanced Raman scattering-based detection, non-photo-based cancer theranostics and photo-based cancer theranostics. In addition, we detail Ag-MSNs for combined antibacterial therapy via drug delivery and phototherapy. Overall, we summarize the challenges and future perspectives of Ag-MSNs that make them promising for diagnosis and therapy of cancer and infection.
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Nanopartículas Metálicas , Nanopartículas , Neoplasias , Antibacterianos/química , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Humanos , Nanopartículas Metálicas/química , Nanopartículas Metálicas/uso terapêutico , Nanopartículas/química , Nanopartículas/uso terapêutico , Neoplasias/tratamento farmacológico , Dióxido de Silício/química , Prata/químicaRESUMO
Arma custos (Fabricius) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) is a natural predator that can control various agricultural and forestry pests. This study aimed to clarify the effects of temperature on the growth, reproduction, and population of the predator and to simulate its population growth. Using the age-stage, two-sex life table method, 18°C, 22°C, 26°C, 30°C, and 34°C were selected as the temperature conditions. A. custos can complete its life cycle at 18°C-30°C, and the developmental duration of each A. custos stage, adult pre-oviposition period, total pre-oviposition period, and the mean generation time (T) were shortened with the increase in temperature. The pre-adult mortality was significantly reduced at 26°C and 30°C. In addition, the fecundity of a single female and the gross reproductive rate were the highest at 30°C. Significant differences were observed in the intrinsic rate of increase (r) and the finite rate of increase (λ) under different temperature conditions, and both reached the maximum at 30°C. Results showed that adult A. custos raised at 26°C had a longer lifespan and the fecundity was higher at 30°C in comparison with the other temperatures. This study is the first to report the life cycle of A. custos at different temperatures, and the results can provide a scientific theoretical basis for the indoor artificial reproduction, outdoor release, and colonization of A. custos.
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Hemípteros , Heterópteros , Feminino , Animais , Temperatura , Crescimento Demográfico , Reprodução , Fertilidade , Estágios do Ciclo de VidaRESUMO
In this study, we newly sequenced and analyzed the complete mitochondrial genomes of five genera and six species in Gargarini: Antialcidas floripennae, Centrotoscelus davidi, Kotogargara minuta, Machaerotypus stigmosus, Tricentrus fulgidus, and Tricentrus gammamaculatus. The mitochondrial genomes contain 13 protein-coding genes, two ribosomal RNA genes, 22 transfer RNA genes, and a control region. The lengths of the mitochondrial genomes are 15,253 bp to 15,812 bp, and the AT contents of the obtained mitogenomes indicate a strong AT bias, ranging from 75.8% to 78.5%. The start codons of all PCGs show that most start with a typical ATN (ATA/T/G/C) codon and less start with T/GTG; the stop codon TAA is frequently used, and TAG and a single T are less used. In Gargarini mitogenomes, all tRNA genes can be folded into the canonical cloverleaf secondary structure, except for trnaS1, which lacks a stable dihydrouridine (DHU) stem and is replaced by a simple loop. At the same time, the phylogenetic analysis of the tribe Gargarini based on sequence data of 13 PCGs from 18 treehopper species and four outgroups revealed that the 10 Gargarini species form a steady group with strong support and form a sister group with Leptocentrini, Hypsauchenini, Centrotini, and Leptobelini. Diversification within Gargarini is distinguished by a Later Cretaceous divergence that led to the rapid diversification of the species. Moreover, the ancestral state reconstructions analysis showed the absence of the suprahumeral horn, which was confirmed as the ancestor characteristic of the treehopper, which has evolved from simple to complex. Our results shed new light specifically on the molecular and phylogenetic evolution of the pronotum in Gargarini.
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Genoma Mitocondrial , Hemípteros , Animais , Hemípteros/genética , Filogenia , RNA de Transferência/genética , RNA de Transferência/química , Códon de Terminação , RNA Ribossômico/genética , RNA Ribossômico/químicaRESUMO
Amplifying the chemotherapy-driven immunogenic cell death (ICD) for efficient and safe cancer chemoimmunotherapy remains a challenge. Here, a potential ICD nanoamplifier containing diselenide-bridged mesoporous organosilica nanoparticles (MONs) and chemotherapeutic ruthenium compound (KP1339) to achieve cancer chemoimmunotherapy is tailored. KP1339-loaded MONs show controlled drug release profiles via glutathione (GSH)-responsive competitive coordination and matrix degradation. High concentration of MONs selectively evoked reactive oxygen species production, GSH depletion, and endoplasmic reticulum stress in cancer cells, thus amplifying the ICD of KP1339 and boosting robust antitumor immunological responses. After the combination of PD-L1 checkpoint blockade, cancer cell membrane-cloaked KP1339-loaded MONs not only regress primary tumor growth with low systemic toxicity, but also inhibit distant tumor growth and pulmonary metastasis of breast cancer. The results have shown the potential of coordination and redox dual-responsive MONs boosting amplified ICD for cancer chemoimmunotherapy.
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Nanopartículas , Neoplasias , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Doxorrubicina , Portadores de Fármacos , Sistemas de Liberação de Medicamentos , Humanos , Morte Celular Imunogênica , Neoplasias/tratamento farmacológico , OxirreduçãoRESUMO
Two-dimensional (2D) MXenes have shown a great potential for chemical sensing due to their electric properties. In this work, a Ti3C2Tx/polypyrrole (MXene/PPy) nanocomposite has been synthesized and immobilized into a glassy carbon electrode to enable the simultaneous recognition of dopamine (DA) and uric acid (UA) under the interference of ascorbic acid (AA). The multilayer Ti3C2Tx MXene was prepared via the aqueous acid etching method and delaminated to a single layer nanosheet, benefiting the in-situ growth of PPy nanowires. The controllable preparation strategy and the compounding of PPy material remain great challenges for further practical application. A facile chemical oxidation method was proposed to regulate magnitude and density during the forming process of PPy nanowire, which promotes the conductivity and the electrochemical active site of this as-prepared nanomaterial. The MXene/PPy nanocomposite-modified electrode exhibited the selective determination of DA and UA in the presence of a high concentration of AA, as well as a wide linear range (DA: 12.5-125 µM, UA: 50-500 µM) and a low detection limit (DA: 0.37 µM, UA: 0.15 µM). More importantly, the simultaneous sensing for the co-existence of DA and UA was successfully achieved via the as-prepared sensor.
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Técnicas Biossensoriais , Nanocompostos , Ácido Ascórbico , Dopamina , Técnicas Eletroquímicas , Eletrodos , Polímeros , Pirróis , Ácido ÚricoRESUMO
The development of probes for rapid and selective detection of peroxynitrite in vivo is of great importance in biological science. We investigate different photoinduced electron transfer (PIET) processes of two generations of peroxynitrite probes. Each has fluorescein and phenol moieties; one is conjugated by an ether linkage while the other is conjugated via an amine linkage. Using theoretical calculations, we demonstrated that the PIET in the probe with an ether linkage occurs from the benzoic acid to the xanthene moiety. In contrast, the PIET in the probe with an amine linkage occurs from the phenol moiety to the fluorescein. This suggests that better sensitivity can be accomplished in probes with an amine linkage than with an ether linkage. Following this model, we designed two novel peroxynitrite probes and simulated their detection capabilities in the near-infrared region.
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We propose a novel, highly sensitive refractive index (RI) sensor by means of combining the Kretschmann prism with a TiO2 nanowire array and do not use a metallic layer in the Kretschmann configuration. Its RI sensing performance was investigated through measuring different concentrations of sodium chloride solution. Experimental results showed that, with increasing RI of liquid, the resonant wavelength in the reflectance spectrum redshifted gradually in the visible light range. There was a very good linear relationship between resonant wavelength and RI in the range of 1.3330 to 1.3546. More importantly, in contrast to the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor, the interferometric sensors showed higher sensitivity to the external RI. In the case of the transverse magnetic mode, the RI sensitivity is up to 320,700.93 a.u./RIU (refractive index unit) by expression of light intensity, which is 9.55 times that of the SPR sensor. As for the transverse electric mode, it achieves 4371.76 nm/RIU by expression of the resonant wavelength, which is increased by a factor of 1.4 in comparison with the SPR sensor. Moreover, the experimental results have favorable repeatability. A TiO2 nanowire array sensor has also other advantages, such as easy manufacturing, low cost, and in situ determination, etc. To our knowledge, this fact is reported for the first time. It has great potential applications in the field of biological and chemical sensing.
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OBJECTIVE: To detect the changes of serum tumor markers of vinyl chloride, and find the influencing factors of tumor markers. METHODS: Two hundred and twenty-three workers exposed to vinyl chloride from a chlor alkali plant and one hundred and forty-nine workers without occupational exposure to vinyl chloride were recruited into this study. Detected 11 tumor markers in serum of the objective. RESULTS: The contentsof carcino-embryonic antigen( CEA), alpha-fetoprotein( AFP), CA-199 and CA72-4 in exposed group increased with the length of service, while the content of neuron-specific enolase( NSE) decreased with the length of service, but there was no correlation between contents of tumor markers and the length of service, which had no statistical significance( P > 0. 05). By univariate analysis, the difference between the exposed group and the control group in the level of thiodiglycolic acid had statistical significance( Z =-16. 178, P < 0. 001). By univariate analysis, gender had effect on CEA, AFP and NSE( Z =-4. 815, -2. 052 and-4. 535, P < 0. 05), smoking had effect on CA-199( Z =-2. 016, P < 0. 05), vinyl chloride exposure had effect on AFP and NSE( Z =-3. 763 and-2. 140, P < 0. 05). By multivariate analysis, CEA and NSE of women were lower than those of men( t =-3. 696 and-5. 722, P < 0. 05). That vinyl chloride exposure was a factor in NSE and NSE of the exposed group were higher than the control group( t =2. 061, P < 0. 05). CONCLUSION: Under the current exposure concentration, exposure to vinyl chloride can change the contents of tumor markers. As the time of exposure to harmful factors increases, the level of tumor markers changes, and the possibility of tumor increases. The level of thiodiglycolic acid may be related to some tumor markers. The influencing factors of different tumor markers are different.
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Biomarcadores Tumorais/sangue , Antígeno CA-19-9/sangue , Exposição Ocupacional , Cloreto de Vinil/toxicidade , Antígenos Glicosídicos Associados a Tumores , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , FumarRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the genotoxic effect of indium chloride using the in vivo bone marrow micronucleus test, and to provide scientific basis for the evaluation of the toxicity of indium compounds. METHODS: Thirty two healthy male adult SPF Wistar rats were selected and randomly divided into four groups( control group, 0. 065, 0. 65, 1. 3 mg/kg group). Rats were treated with indium chloride using non exposed endotracheal injection method. Hematoxylin and eosin( H&E) staining was used to detect histological changes. Oxidative stress status relative to lung damage in rats was evaluated by detecting superoxide dismutase( SOD) and maleic dialdehyde( MDA) activities. The frequency of micronuclei was determined at the end of each culture period. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry( ICP-MS) method was used to detect the content of indium in whole blood and lung tissue of rats. RESULTS: The content of indium in whole blood and lung tissue of rats and the micronucleus rate in rats exposed to indium chloridewere significantly higher than those in the control group( P < 0. 01). The MDA content in the lung tissue of rats in middle and high dose group was significantly increased( P <0. 05), while SOD level was significantly lower than that in control group( P < 0. 05);Pathological changes of lung tissue showed that after exposure to indium chloride, inflammatory cell exudation was present in the alveolar cavity and surrounding areas of the trachea were apparent. Alveolar lumen was filled with intraalveolar proteinaceous material. CONCLUSION: Indium chloride exposure will cause the accumulation of indium in blood and lung, bone marrow micronucleus rate increased, occurrence of oxidative damage and pathological changes.
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Dano ao DNA/efeitos dos fármacos , Índio/toxicidade , Pulmão/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Masculino , Testes para Micronúcleos , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Ratos , Ratos WistarRESUMO
We report ultrasensitive and highly selective detection of testosterone based on microring resonance sensor using molecularly imprinted polymers (MIP). A silicon-on-insulator (SOI) micoring resonator was modified by MIP films (MIPs) on a surface. The MIPs was synthesized by thermopolymerization using methacrylic acid as functional monomer and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate as crosslinking agent. The concentration of detected testosterone varies from 0.05 ng/mL to 10 ng/mL. The detection limit reaches 48.7 pg/mL. Ultrahigh sensitivity, good specificity and reproducibility have been demonstrated, indicating the great potential of making a cost effective and easy to operate lab-on-Chip and down scaling micro-fluidics devices in biosensing.
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Técnicas Biossensoriais/instrumentação , Impressão Molecular/métodos , Testosterona/análise , Técnicas Biossensoriais/métodos , Desenho de Equipamento , Limite de Detecção , Reprodutibilidade dos TestesRESUMO
Sophora davidii is a cross-pollinated plant with important ecological protection and medicinal value in China, but its seed yield is low due to backward and nonstandard production technology. Therefore, we divide the flowering period of Sophora davidii into initial, full and final flowering period, measuring the floral morphology, pollen viability, stigma receptivity, nectar volume and nectar concentration, foraging behavior of pollinators, fertilization physiology, seed yield and quality through field observation and indoor testing to explore whether the flowering period affects the floral traits, pollinator behavior and seed production of plants. Our results revealed that the nectar volume, nectar concentration, pollen viability and stigma receptivity at full flowering period were the highest. The single visit time and visit time per flower of Chinese honey bees were the longest in the full flowering period, while the number of transfer, visit frequency and number of touching stigma were the least. The visiting number of the bees was the most and the most active in the full flowering period. The bees pollination not only improved the pollen amount, germination rate, pollen tube length and the ovule number of S. davidii, but also their effect was the most obvious in full flowering period. The principal component analysis showed that pollination by Chinese honey bees during the whole flowering period of S. davidii was the best way to produce seeds. We can conclude that flowering period affects flower traits, foraging behavior of pollinators, seed yield and quality of S. davidii.
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Flores , Polinização , Sementes , Polinização/fisiologia , Flores/fisiologia , Animais , Sementes/fisiologia , Sementes/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Abelhas/fisiologia , Néctar de Plantas/metabolismo , Pólen/fisiologiaRESUMO
Bumblebees play an important ecological economic role as pollinators in nature and agriculture. For reasons of biosecurity, many countries promote the cultivation of native bumblebee species for crop pollination instead of importing "alien" species. In South China, a few bumblebee species are considered useful in this way, particularly, Bombus atripes, Bombus bicoloratus and Bombus breviceps. However, whether they are suitable for artificial rearing and forming healthy colonies for pollination, remains unknown. In this project, queens from the 3 native species of Guizhou Province were collected and colonies were started under standardized conditions. The colonies were scored based on 19 parameters, including the stage of colony development, number and weight of offspring, and diet consumed. The data revealed that B. breviceps had the best performance, produced more workers and consumed the smallest diet. Next, we performed 16S rDNA sequencing of the bacterial communities found in the guts of offspring workers, and then a correlation analysis between colony performance and gut bacteria was conducted. Here, B. breviceps showed the highest diversity in gut bacterial composition, dominated by the bacteria Gilliamella, Snodgrassella, Enterobacter, and Lactobacillus Firm5. The higher the abundance of Snodgrassella, the better the performance of the colony in the foundation stage, and later Lactobacillus Firm5, Apibacter and Bifidobacterium were beneficial during the stages of rapid growth and colony decline. Although we do not understand all of the interactions yet, these correlations explain why B. breviceps demonstrated better colony performance. Our data provide valuable information for breeding local Bombus species and will contribute to developing strong colonies for crop pollination.
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RNA interference (RNAi) presents great potential against intractable liver diseases. However, the establishment of specific, efficient, and safe delivery systems targeting hepatocytes remains a great challenge. Herein, we described a promising hepatocytes-targeting system through integrating triantennary N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc)-engineered cell membrane with biodegradable mesoporous silica nanoparticles, which efficiently and safely delivered siRNA to hepatocytes and silenced the target PCSK9 gene expression for the treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Having optimized the GalNAc-engineering strategy, insertion orders, and cell membrane source, we obtained the best-performing GalNAc-formulations allowing strong hepatocyte-specific internalization with reduced Kupffer cell capture, resulting in robust gene silencing and less hepatotoxicity when compared with cationic lipid-based GalNAc-formulations. Consequently, a durable reduction of lipid accumulation and damage was achieved by systemic administering siRNAs targeting PCSK9 in high-fat diet-fed mice, accompanied by displaying desirable safety profiles. Taken together, this GalNAc-engineering biomimetics represented versatile, efficient, and safe carriers for the development of hepatocyte-specific gene therapeutics, and prevention of metabolic diseases. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Compared to MSN@LP-GN3 (MC3-LNP), MSN@CM-GN3 exhibited strong hepatocyte targeting and Kupffer cell escaping, as well as good biocompatibility for safe and efficient siRNA delivery. Furthermore, siPCSK9 delivered by MSN@CM-GN3 reduced both serum and liver LDL-C, TG, TC levels and lipid droplets in HFD-induced mice, resulting in better performance than MSN/siPCSK9@LP-GN3 in terms of lipid-lowering effect and safety profiles. These findings indicated promising advantages of our biomimetic GN3-based systems for hepatocyte-specific gene delivery in chronic liver diseases. Our work addressed the challenges associated with the lower targeting efficiency of cell membrane-mimetic drug delivery systems and the immunogenicity of traditional GalNAc delivery systems. In conclusion, this study provided an effective and versatile approach for efficient and safe gene editing using ligand-integrated biomimetic nanoplatforms.
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Hepatopatia Gordurosa não Alcoólica , Pró-Proteína Convertase 9 , Camundongos , Animais , Interferência de RNA , Pró-Proteína Convertase 9/genética , Pró-Proteína Convertase 9/metabolismo , Pró-Proteína Convertase 9/farmacologia , Hepatopatia Gordurosa não Alcoólica/terapia , Hepatopatia Gordurosa não Alcoólica/genética , Hepatopatia Gordurosa não Alcoólica/metabolismo , Biomimética , Hepatócitos/metabolismo , Fígado/metabolismo , RNA Interferente Pequeno/farmacologia , Lipídeos/farmacologiaRESUMO
Introduction: Fluorescent visualization of hydrogen peroxide in the tumor microenvironment (TME) is conducive to predicting malignant prognosis after chemotherapy. Two photon microscopy has been employed for in vivo hydrogen peroxide detection owing to its advantages of deep penetration and low phototoxicity. Methods: In this study, a two-photon fluorescent probe (TPFP) was protected by mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) and masked by cloaking the cancer cell membranes (CM), forming a tumor-targeted bioactive nanoprobe, termed MSN@TPFP@CM. Results: This multifunctional nanoprobe allowed for the effective and selective detection of excessive hydrogen peroxide production in chemotherapeutic Etoposide (VP-16)-challenged tumor cells using two-photon microscopy. After specific accumulation in tumors, VP-16-MSN@TPFP@CM monitored tumor-specific hydrogen peroxide levels and revealed a positive correlation between oxidative stress in the TME and chemotherapy-exacerbated malignant prognosis. Discussion: Given the recent translation of fluorescent imaging into early clinical trials and the high biocompatibility of bioactive nanoprobes, our approach may pave the way for specific imaging of oxidative stress in solid tumors after treatment and provide a promising technology for malignant prognosis predictions.
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Pollen is an important source of nutrition for bumblebees to survive, reproduce, and raise their offspring. To explore the nutritional requirements for the egg laying and hatching of queenright Bombus breviceps colonies, camellia pollen, oilseed rape pollen, apricot pollen, and mixtures of two or three types of pollen in equal proportions were used to feed the queens in this study. The results showed that the camellia pollen with a higher essential amino acid content was superior to the pollen with a lower essential amino acid content in the initial egg-laying time (p < 0.05), egg number (p < 0.05), larval ejection (p < 0.01), time of first worker emergence (p < 0.05), and the average weight of workers in the first batch (p < 0.01). It took less time for colonies under the camellia pollen and camellia-oilseed rape-apricot pollen mix treatments, both with a higher crude protein content, to reach ten workers in the colony (p < 0.01). On the contrary, the queens fed apricot pollen never laid an egg, and larvae fed oilseed rape pollen were all ejected-both pollens with a lower essential amino acid content. The results emphasize that the diet should be rationally allocated to meet the nutritional needs of local bumblebees at various stages when guiding them to lay eggs, hatch, and develop a colony.
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Herein, we report the mitochondrial genomic characteristics of three insect pests, Notobitus meleagris, Macropes harringtonae, and Homoeocerus bipunctatus, collected from bamboo plants in Guizhou Province, China. For the first time, the damaged conditions and life histories of M. harringtonae and H. bipunctatus are described in detail and digital photographs of all their life stages are provided. Simultaneously, the mitochondrial genome sequences of three bamboo pests were sequenced and analyzed. Idiocerus laurifoliae and Nilaparvata lugens were used as outgroups, and the phylogenetic trees were constructed. The mitochondrial genomes of the three bamboo pests contained 37 classical genes, including 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), two ribosomal RNA genes (rRNAs), 22 transfer RNAs (tRNAs), and a control region, with a total length of 16,199 bp, 15,314 bp, and 16,706 bp, respectively. The A+T values of the three bamboo pests were similar, and trnS1 was a cloverleaf structure with missing arms. The phylogenetic analyses, using the Bayesian inference (BI) and Maximum likelihood (ML), supported that N. meleagris and H. bipunctatus belonged to the Coreoidea family, whereas M. harringtonae belonged to the Lygaeoidea family with high support values. This study involves the first complete sequencing of the mitochondrial genomes of two bamboo pests. By adding these newly sequenced mitochondrial genome data and detailed descriptions of life histories, the database of bamboo pests is improved. These data also provide information for the development of bamboo pest control methods by quick identification techniques and the use of detailed photographs.
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Genoma Mitocondrial , Heterópteros , Animais , Heterópteros/genética , Filogenia , Teorema de Bayes , RNA Ribossômico/genética , RNA de Transferência/genéticaRESUMO
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are important prognostic markers for cancer diagnosis and metastasis, and their detection is an important means to detect cancer metastasis. Herein, we construct a novel bifunctional electrochemical biosensor based on the PB-MXene composite films. A simple electrostatic self-assembly approach was employed to prepare a film composed of PB nanocubes on the MXene substrates. Given that the PB is an artificial peroxidase for H2O2 sensing, the PB-MXene films can realize the real-time monitoring of H2O2 secretion from living CTCs. Besides, the anti-CEA attached biosensors can be utilized to quantify the corresponding CTCs. The synergic effects of the MXene with a large specific area and PB with enzyme-free catalysis for H2O2 resulted in PB-MXene films exhibiting high electrocatalytic and low cytotoxicity for both H2O2 sensing and living CTCs capturing. As a result, the biosensor shows a low detection limit of 0.57⯵M towards H2O2 with a wide linear range (1⯵M to 500⯵M), as well as an excellent sensing performance for CTCs (an extremely low detection limit of 9 cells/mL in a wide linear range of 1.3â¯×101 to 1.3â¯×106 cells/mL). Moreover, the prepared biosensor showed satisfactory stability and anti-interference ability for potential applications in clinical cancer diagnosis and tumor metastasis.