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BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Studies on the impact of syphilis on the cardiovascular system in large populations are limited. This study investigated the effects of syphilis on cardiovascular outcomes. METHODS: Medical records from 2010 to 2015 were retrieved from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database, linked to the Notifiable Infectious Diseases database from the Taiwan Centers for Disease Control. Patients with syphilis were identified, excluding those with missing information, under 20 years of age, or with a history of human immunodeficiency virus infection, acute myocardial infarction, heart failure, aortic regurgitation, replacement of the aortic valve, aneurysm and/or dissection of the aorta, atrial fibrillation, ischaemic stroke, haemorrhagic stroke, and venous thromboembolism. Primary outcomes included new-onset acute myocardial infarction, heart failure, aortic regurgitation, aneurysm and dissection of the aorta, atrial fibrillation, ischaemic stroke, haemorrhagic stroke, venous thromboembolism, cardiovascular death, and all-cause mortality. RESULTS: A total of 28 796 patients with syphilis were identified from 2010 to 2015. After exclusions and frequency matching, 20 601 syphilis patients and 20 601 non-syphilis patients were analysed. The relative rate (RR) was utilized in the analysis, as the competing risk of death was not considered. Compared with patients without syphilis, patients with syphilis had increased risks of acute myocardial infarction (RR 38%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.19-1.60, P < .001), heart failure (RR 88%, 95% CI 1.64-2.14, P < .001), aortic regurgitation (RR 81%, 95% CI 1.18-2.75, P = .006), atrial fibrillation (RR 45%, 95% CI 1.20-1.76, P < .001), ischaemic stroke (RR 68%, 95% CI 1.52-1.87, P < .001), haemorrhagic stroke (RR 114%, 95% CI 1.74-2.64, P < .001), venous thromboembolism (RR 67%, 95% CI 1.23-2.26, P = .001), cardiovascular death (RR 155%, 95% CI 2.11-3.08, P < .001), and all-cause death (RR 196%, 95% CI 2.74-3.19, P < .001) but not for aneurysm and dissection of the aorta. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates that patients with syphilis have a higher risk of cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality compared with those without syphilis.
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Sistema de Registros , Sífilis , Humanos , Taiwan/epidemiologia , Masculino , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Sífilis/epidemiologia , Sífilis/complicações , Adulto , Infarto do Miocárdio/epidemiologia , Doenças Cardiovasculares/mortalidade , Doenças Cardiovasculares/epidemiologia , Insuficiência Cardíaca/epidemiologia , Insuficiência Cardíaca/complicações , Fatores de Risco de Doenças Cardíacas , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are crystalline porous materials with a long-range ordered structure and excellent specific surface area and have found a wide range of applications in diverse fields, such as catalysis, energy storage, sensing, and biomedicine. However, their poor electrical conductivity and chemical stability, low capacity, and weak adhesion to substrates have greatly limited their performance. Doping has emerged as a unique strategy to mitigate the issues. In this review, the concept, classification, and characterization methods of doped MOFs are first introduced, and recent progress in the synthesis and applications of doped MOFs, as well as the rapid advancements and applications of first-principles calculations based on the density functional theory (DFT) in unraveling the mechanistic origin of the enhanced performance are summarized. Finally, a perspective is included to highlight the key challenges in doping MOF materials and an outlook is provided on future research directions.
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Development of high-performance, low-cost catalysts for electrochemical water splitting is key to sustainable hydrogen production. Herein, ultrafast synthesis of carbon-supported ruthenium-copper (RuCu/C) nanocomposites is reported by magnetic induction heating, where the rapid Joule's heating of RuCl3 and CuCl2 at 200 A for 10 s produces Ru-Cl residues-decorated Ru nanocrystals dispersed on a CuClx scaffold, featuring effective Ru to Cu charge transfer. Among the series, the RuCu/C-3 sample exhibits the best activity in 1 m KOH toward both the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER), with an overpotential of only -23 and +270 mV to reach 10 mA cm-2, respectively. When RuCu/C-3 is used as bifunctional catalysts for electrochemical water splitting, a low cell voltage of 1.53 V is needed to produce 10 mA cm-2, markedly better than that with a mixture of commercial Pt/C+RuO2 (1.59 V). In situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy measurements show that the bifunctional activity is due to reduction of the Ru-Cl residues at low electrode potentials that enriches metallic Ru and oxidation at high electrode potentials that facilitates the formation of amorphous RuOx. These findings highlight the unique potential of MIH in the ultrafast synthesis of high-performance catalysts for electrochemical water splitting.
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Infiltration of excessive antibiotics into aquatic ecosystems plays a significant role in antibiotic resistance, a major global health challenge. It is therefore critical to develop effective technologies for their removal. Herein, defect-rich Bi2WO6 nanoparticles are solvothermally prepared via epitaxial growth on pristine Bi2WO6 seed nanocrystals, and the efficiency of the photocatalytic degradation of ciprofloxacin, a common antibiotic, is found to increase markedly from 62.51% to 98.27% under visible photoirradiation for 60 min. This is due to the formation of a large number of structural defects, where the synergistic interactions between grain boundaries and adjacent dislocations and oxygen vacancies lead to an improved separation and migration efficiency of photogenerated carriers and facilitate the adsorption and degradation of ciprofloxacin, as confirmed in experimental and theoretical studies. Results from this work demonstrate the unique potential of defect engineering for enhanced photocatalytic performance, a critical step in removing antibiotic contaminants in aquatic ecosystems.
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Antibacterianos , Bismuto , Antibacterianos/química , Bismuto/química , Catálise , Ciprofloxacina/química , Nanopartículas/química , Tungstênio/química , ÓxidosRESUMO
Photocatalysis represents an effective technology for environmental remediation. Herein, a series of Zn-doped BiOBr hollow microspheres are synthesized via one-pot solvothermal treatment of bismuth nitrate and dodecyl ammonium bromide in ethylene glycol along with a calculated amount of zinc acetate. Whereas the materials morphology and crystal structure remain virtually unchanged upon Zn-doping, the photocatalytic performance toward the degradation of ciprofloxacin is significantly improved under visible light irradiation. This is due to the formation of a unique band structure that facilitates the separation of photogenerated electron-hole pairs, reduced electron-transfer resistance, and enhanced electron mobility and carrier concentration. The best sample consists of a Zn doping amount of 1%, which leads to a 99.2% degradation rate of ciprofloxacin under visible photoirradiation for 30 min. The resulting photocatalysts also exhibit good stability and reusability, and the degradation intermediates exhibit reduced cytotoxicity compared to ciprofloxacin. These results highlight the unique potential of BiOBr-based photocatalysts for environmental remediation.
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Antibacterianos , Zinco , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Microesferas , Luz , Bismuto/química , Ciprofloxacina , CatáliseRESUMO
AIM: To assess if early change in albuminuria was linked to an initial change in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and long-term kidney outcomes in people with type 2 diabetes (T2D) receiving sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors. METHODS: Using a medical database from a multicentre healthcare institute in Taiwan, we retrospectively enrolled 8310 people receiving SGLT2 inhibitors from 1 June 2016 to 31 December 2021. We compared the risks of initial eGFR decline, major adverse renal events (MARE; >50% eGFR reduction or development of end-stage kidney disease), major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), or hospitalization for heart failure (HHF) using a Cox proportional hazards model. RESULTS: In all, 36.8% (n = 3062) experienced a >30% decrease, 21.0% (n = 1743) experienced a 0%-30% decrease, 14.4% (n = 1199) experienced a 0%-30% increase, and 27.7% (n = 2306) experienced a >30% increase in urine albumin-to-creatine ratio (UACR) after 3 months of SGLT2 inhibitor treatment. Greater acute eGFR decline at 3 months correlated with greater UACR reduction: -3.6 ± 10.9, -2.0 ± 9.5, -1.1 ± 8.6, and -0.3 ± 9.7 mL/min/1.73 m2 for the respective UACR change groups (p < 0.001). Over a median of 29.0 months, >30% UACR decline was associated with a higher risk of >30% initial eGFR decline (hazard ratio [HR] 2.68, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.61-4.47]), a lower risk of MARE (HR 0.66, 95% CI 0.48-0.89), and a comparable risk of MACE or HHF after multivariate adjustment (p < 0.05). The nonlinear analysis showed early UACR decline was linked to a lower risk of MARE but a higher risk of initial steep eGFR decline of >30%. CONCLUSION: Physicians should be vigilant for the potential adverse effects of abrupt eGFR dipping associated with a profound reduction in UACR, despite the favourable long-term kidney outcomes in the population with T2D receiving SGLT2 inhibitor treatment.
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Albuminúria , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 , Nefropatias Diabéticas , Taxa de Filtração Glomerular , Inibidores do Transportador 2 de Sódio-Glicose , Humanos , Inibidores do Transportador 2 de Sódio-Glicose/uso terapêutico , Inibidores do Transportador 2 de Sódio-Glicose/efeitos adversos , Taxa de Filtração Glomerular/efeitos dos fármacos , Feminino , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/tratamento farmacológico , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/complicações , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Retrospectivos , Idoso , Taiwan/epidemiologia , Rim/fisiopatologia , Rim/efeitos dos fármacos , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
Metal chalcogenide nanoparticles play a vital role in a wide range of applications and are typically stabilized by organic derivatives containing thiol, amine, or carboxyl moieties, where the nonconjugated particle-ligand interfaces limit the electronic interactions between the inorganic cores and organic ligands. Herein, a wet-chemistry method is developed for the facile preparation of stable platinum chalcogenide (S, Se) nanoparticles capped with acetylene derivatives (e.g., 4-ethylphenylacetylene, EPA). The formation of Pt-C≡ conjugated bonds at the nanoparticle interfaces, which is confirmed by optical and X-ray spectroscopic measurements, leads to markedly enhanced electronic interactions between the d electrons of the nanoparticle cores and π electrons of the acetylene moiety, in stark contrast to the mercapto-capped counterparts with only nonconjugated Pt-S- interfacial bonds, as manifested in spectroscopic measurements and density functional theory calculations. This study underscores the significance of conjugated anchoring linkages in the stabilization and functionalization of metal chalcogenides, a unique strategy for diverse applications.
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BACKGROUND: Studies of the influence of smaller body type on the severity of prosthesis-patient mismatch (PPM) after small-sized surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR) are few, but the issue is particularly relevant for Asian patients.MethodsâandâResults: 695 patients who underwent SAVR with bioprosthetic valves had their hemodynamic valve performance analyzed at 3 months, 1 year, 3 years, and 5 years after operation, and clinical outcomes were assessed. The patients were stratified into 3 valve size groups: 19/21, 23, and 25/27 mm. A smaller valve was associated with higher mean pressure gradients at the 4 time points after operation (P trend <0.05). However, the 3 valve size groups demonstrated no significant differences in the risk of clinical events. At none of the time points did patients with projected PPM show increased mean pressure gradients (P>0.05), whereas patients with measured PPM did (P<0.05). Compared with patients with projected PPM, those with measured PPM demonstrated higher rates of infective endocarditis readmission (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 3.31, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.06-10.39) and a higher risk of composite outcomes (aHR 1.45, 95% CI 0.95-2.22, P=0.087). CONCLUSIONS: Relative to those receiving larger valves, patients receiving small bioprosthetic valves had poorer hemodynamic performance but did not demonstrate differences in clinical events in long-term follow-up.
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Estenose da Valva Aórtica , Bioprótese , Implante de Prótese de Valva Cardíaca , Próteses Valvulares Cardíacas , Substituição da Valva Aórtica Transcateter , Humanos , Valva Aórtica/cirurgia , Implante de Prótese de Valva Cardíaca/efeitos adversos , Implante de Prótese de Valva Cardíaca/métodos , Seguimentos , Estenose da Valva Aórtica/etiologia , Resultado do Tratamento , Próteses Valvulares Cardíacas/efeitos adversos , Substituição da Valva Aórtica Transcateter/efeitos adversos , Desenho de Prótese , HemodinâmicaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Mitral valve (MV) disease is the most common form of valvular heart disease. Findings that indicate women have a higher risk for unfavorable outcomes than men remain controversial. This study aimed to determine the sex-based differences in epidemiological distributions and outcomes of surgery for MV disease.MethodsâandâResults: Overall, 18,572 patients (45.3% women) who underwent MV surgery between 2001 and 2018 were included. Outcomes included in-hospital death and all-cause mortality during follow up. Subgroup analysis was conducted across different etiologies, including infective endocarditis (IE), degenerative, ischemic, and rheumatic mitral pathology. The overall MV repair rate was lower in women than in men (20.5% vs. 30.6%). After matching, 6,362 pairs (woman : man=1 : 1) of patients were analyzed. Women had a slightly higher risk for in-hospital death than men (10.8% vs. 9.8%; odds ratio [OR]: 1.11, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.99-1.24; P=0.075). Women tended to have a higher incidence of de novo dialysis (9.8% vs. 8.6%; P=0.022) and longer intensive care unit stay (8 days vs. 7.1 days; P<0.001). Women with IE had poorer in-hospital outcomes than men; however, there were no sex differences in terms of all-cause mortality. CONCLUSIONS: Sex-based differences of MV intervention still persist. Although long-term outcomes were comparable between sexes, women, especially those with IE, had worse perioperative outcomes than men.
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Endocardite Bacteriana , Endocardite , Doenças das Valvas Cardíacas , Implante de Prótese de Valva Cardíaca , Insuficiência da Valva Mitral , Humanos , Feminino , Masculino , Valva Mitral/cirurgia , Mortalidade Hospitalar , Caracteres Sexuais , Implante de Prótese de Valva Cardíaca/efeitos adversos , Resultado do Tratamento , Diálise Renal , Doenças das Valvas Cardíacas/epidemiologia , Doenças das Valvas Cardíacas/cirurgia , Endocardite Bacteriana/cirurgia , Insuficiência da Valva Mitral/epidemiologia , Insuficiência da Valva Mitral/cirurgia , Insuficiência da Valva Mitral/etiologia , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: When mitral valve (MV) surgery is indicated, repair is preferred over replacement; however, this preference is not supported by evidence from clinical trials. Furthermore, the benefits of MV repair may not be universal for all etiologies of MV disease.MethodsâandâResults: This study identified a total of 18,428 patients who underwent MV repair (n=4,817) or MV replacement (n=13,611) during 2001-2018 from Taiwan's National Health Insurance Research Database. These patients were classified into 4 etiologies: infective endocarditis (IE, n=2,678), rheumatic heart disease (RHD, n=4,524), ischemic mitral regurgitation (IMR, n=3,893), and degenerative mitral regurgitation (DMR, n=7,333). After propensity matching, all-cause mortality during follow-up was lower among patients receiving MV repair than among patients receiving MV replacement in the IE, IMR, and DMR groups (hazard ratio [HR]=0.72, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.55-0.93; HR=0.82, 95% CI: 0.73-0.92; and HR 0.73, 95% CI: 0.64-0.84, respectively). However, in the RHD group, the MV reoperation rate was higher after MV repair than after MV replacement (subdistribution HR=1.91, 95% CI: 1.02-3.55). CONCLUSIONS: In comparison with MV replacement, MV repair was associated with a lower late mortality in patients with IE, IMR, and DMR, and a higher risk of reoperation in patients with RHD.
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Implante de Prótese de Valva Cardíaca , Insuficiência da Valva Mitral , Cardiopatia Reumática , Humanos , Insuficiência da Valva Mitral/etiologia , Valva Mitral/cirurgia , Estudos de Coortes , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: In Taiwan, infective native aortic aneurysms (INAAs) are relatively common, so the aim of present study was to demonstrate the comparative outcomes of endovascular repair for thoracic and abdominal INAAs.MethodsâandâResults: Patients with naïve thoracic or abdominal INAAs managed with endovascular repair between 2001 and 2018 were included in this multicenter retrospective cohort. The confounding factors were adjusted with propensity score (PS). Of the 39 thoracic and 43 abdominal INAA cases, 41 (50%) presented with aneurysmal rupture, most of which were at the infrarenal abdominal (n=35, 42.7%) or descending thoracic aorta (n=25, 30.5%). Salmonella spp. was the most frequently isolated pathogen. The overall in-hospital mortality rate was 18.3%. The risks of in-hospital death and death due to rupture were significantly lower with thoracic INAAs (12.8% vs. 23.3%; PS-adjusted odds ratio (OR) 0.24, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.06-0.96; 0.1% vs. 9.3%; PS-adjusted OR 0.11, 95% CI 0.01-0.90). During a mean follow-up of 2.5 years, the risk of all-cause death was significantly higher with thoracic INAAs (35.3% vs. 15.2%; PS-adjusted HR 6.90, 95% CI 1.69-28.19). Chronic kidney disease (CKD) was associated with death. CONCLUSIONS: Compared with thoracic INAAs, endovascular repair of abdominal INAAs was associated with a significantly higher in-hospital mortality rate. However, long-term outcomes were worse for thoracic INAAs, with CKD and infections being the most important predictor and cause of death, respectively.
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Aneurisma Infectado , Aneurisma da Aorta Abdominal , Aneurisma da Aorta Torácica , Aneurisma Aórtico , Implante de Prótese Vascular , Procedimentos Endovasculares , Insuficiência Renal Crônica , Humanos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Mortalidade Hospitalar , Implante de Prótese Vascular/efeitos adversos , Resultado do Tratamento , Aneurisma Aórtico/complicações , Aneurisma da Aorta Torácica/cirurgia , Aneurisma da Aorta Abdominal/cirurgia , Aneurisma da Aorta Abdominal/complicações , Aneurisma Infectado/cirurgia , Aneurisma Infectado/complicações , Insuficiência Renal Crônica/complicações , Procedimentos Endovasculares/métodos , Fatores de Risco , Complicações Pós-OperatóriasRESUMO
Glutamate is the main excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain and plays a leading role in degenerative diseases, such as motor neuron diseases. Riluzole is a glutamate regulator and a therapeutic drug for motor neuron diseases. In this work, the interaction between glutamate and riluzole was studied using cyclic voltammetry and square-wave voltammetry at a glassy carbon electrode (GCE). It was shown that glutamate underwent a two-electron transfer reaction on the GCE surface, and the electrochemical detection limits of glutamate and riluzole were 483 µmol/L and 11.47 µmol/L, respectively. The results confirm that riluzole can promote the redox reaction of glutamate. This work highlights the significance of electrochemical technology in the sensing detection of the interaction between glutamate and related psychotropic drugs.
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Doença dos Neurônios Motores , Riluzol , Humanos , Riluzol/farmacologia , Ácido Glutâmico , Carbono , Psicotrópicos , Oxirredução , Eletrodos , Técnicas Eletroquímicas/métodosRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: To estimate the association between early surgery and the risk of mortality in patients with left-sided infective endocarditis in the context of stroke. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. SETTING: This study was a multiinstitution study based on the Chang Gung Research Database, which contains electronic medical records from 7 hospitals in northern and southern Taiwan; these include 2 medical centers, 2 regional hospitals, and 3 district hospitals. PARTICIPANTS: Patients with active left-sided infective endocarditis who underwent valve surgery between September 2002 and December 2018. INTERVENTIONS: The authors divided patients into 2 groups, with versus without preoperative neurologic complications, had undergone early (within 7 d) or later surgery, and with brain ischemia or hemorrhage. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Three hundred ninety-two patients with a median time from diagnosis to surgery of 6 days were included. No significant differences in postoperative stroke, in-hospital mortality, or follow-up outcomes were observed between the patients with and without neurologic complications. Among the patients with preoperative neurologic complications, patients who underwent early surgery had a lower 30-day postoperative mortality rate (13.1% v 25.8%; hazard ratio, 0.21; 95% CI 0.07-0.67). In the subgroup analysis of the comparison between brain ischemia and hemorrhage groups, there was no significant between-group difference in the in-hospital outcomes or outcomes after discharge. CONCLUSIONS: Early cardiac surgery may be associated with more favorable clinical outcomes in patients with preoperative neurologic complications. Thus, preoperative neurologic complications should not delay surgical interventions.
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Isquemia Encefálica , Endocardite Bacteriana , Endocardite , Doenças do Sistema Nervoso , Acidente Vascular Cerebral , Humanos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Endocardite Bacteriana/complicações , Endocardite Bacteriana/cirurgia , Endocardite/complicações , Endocardite/cirurgia , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/cirurgia , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/complicações , Isquemia Encefálica/complicações , Isquemia Encefálica/cirurgia , Doenças do Sistema Nervoso/epidemiologia , Doenças do Sistema Nervoso/etiologia , Hemorragia , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The successful treatment and improvement of acute kidney injury (AKI) depend on early-stage diagnosis. However, no study has differentiated between the three stages of AKI and non-AKI patients following heart surgery. This study will fill this gap in the literature and help to improve kidney disease management in the future. METHODS: In this study, we applied Raman spectroscopy (RS) to uncover unique urine biomarkers distinguishing heart surgery patients with and without AKI. Given the amplified risk of renal complications post-cardiac surgery, this approach is of paramount importance. Further, we employed the partial least squares-support vector machine (PLS-SVM) model to distinguish between all three stages of AKI and non-AKI patients. RESULTS: We noted significant metabolic disparities among the groups. Each AKI stage presented a distinct metabolic profile: stage 1 had elevated uric acid and reduced creatinine levels; stage 2 demonstrated increased tryptophan and nitrogenous compounds with diminished uric acid; stage 3 displayed the highest neopterin and the lowest creatinine levels. We utilized the PLS-SVM model for discriminant analysis, achieving over 90% identification rate in distinguishing AKI patients, encompassing all stages, from non-AKI subjects. CONCLUSIONS: This study characterizes the incidence and risk factors for AKI after cardiac surgery. The unique spectral information garnered from this study can also pave the way for developing an in vivo RS method to detect and monitor AKI effectively.
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Injúria Renal Aguda , Biomarcadores , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Cardíacos , Análise Espectral Raman , Urinálise , Humanos , Injúria Renal Aguda/diagnóstico , Injúria Renal Aguda/urina , Injúria Renal Aguda/etiologia , Análise Espectral Raman/métodos , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Cardíacos/efeitos adversos , Masculino , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Biomarcadores/urina , Urinálise/métodos , Creatinina/urina , Máquina de Vetores de Suporte , Ácido Úrico/urina , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/diagnóstico , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/urina , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/etiologia , Fatores de Risco , Análise dos Mínimos QuadradosRESUMO
Photo-responsive semiconductors can facilitate nitrogen activation and ammonia production, but the high recombination rate of photogenerated carriers represents a significant barrier. Ferroelectric photocatalysts show great promise in overcoming this challenge. Herein, by adopting a low-temperature hydrothermal procedure with varying concentrations of glyoxal as the reducing agent, oxygen vacancies (Vo) are effectively produced on the surface of ferroelectric SrBi4 Ti4 O15 (SBTO) nanosheets, which leads to a considerable increase in photocatalytic activity toward nitrogen fixation under simulated solar light with an ammonia production rate of 53.41 µmol g-1 h-1 , without the need of sacrificial agents or photosensitizers. This is ascribed to oxygen vacancies that markedly enhance the self-polarization and internal electric field of ferroelectric SBTO, and hence, facilitate the separation of photogenerated charge carriers and light trapping as well as N2 adsorption and activation, as compared to pristine SBTO. Consistent results are obtained in theoretical studies. Results from this study highlight the significance of surface oxygen vacancies in enhancing the performance of photocatalytic nitrogen fixation by ferroelectric catalysts.
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2D materials have shown great potential as electrode materials that determine the performance of a range of electrochemical energy technologies. Among these, 2D copper-based materials, such as Cu-O, Cu-S, Cu-Se, Cu-N, and Cu-P, have attracted tremendous research interest, because of the combination of remarkable properties, such as low cost, excellent chemical stability, facile fabrication, and significant electrochemical properties. Herein, the recent advances in the emerging 2D copper-based materials are summarized. A brief summary of the crystal structures and synthetic methods is started, and innovative strategies for improving electrochemical performances of 2D copper-based materials are described in detail through defect engineering, heterostructure construction, and surface functionalization. Furthermore, their state-of-the-art applications in electrochemical energy storage including supercapacitors (SCs), alkali (Li, Na, and K)-ion batteries, multivalent metal (Mg and Al)-ion batteries, and hybrid Mg/Li-ion batteries are described. In addition, the electrocatalysis applications of 2D copper-based materials in metal-air batteries, water-splitting, and CO2 reduction reaction (CO2 RR) are also discussed. This review also discusses the charge storage mechanisms of 2D copper-based materials by various advanced characterization techniques. The review with a perspective of the current challenges and research outlook of such 2D copper-based materials for high-performance energy storage and conversion applications is concluded.
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The application of flexible wearable sensing devices based on conductive hydrogels in human motion signal monitoring has been widely studied. However, conventional conductive hydrogels contain a large amount of water, resulting in poor mechanical properties and limiting their application in harsh environments. Here, a simple one-pot method for preparing conductive hydrogels is proposed, that is, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), wheat protein (WP), and lithium chloride (LiCl) are dissolved in an ethylene glycol (EG)/water binary solvent. The obtained PVA/EG/WP (PEW) conductive organohydrogel has good mechanical properties, and its tensile strength and elongation at break reach 1.19 MPa and 531%, respectively, which can withstand a load of more than 6000 times its own weight without breaking. The binary solvent system composed of EG/water endows the hydrogel with good frost resistance and water retention. PEW organohydrogel as a wearable strain sensor also has good strain sensitivity (GF = 2.36), which can be used to detect the movement and physiological activity signals in different parts of the human body. In addition, PEW organohydrogels exhibit good degradability, reducing the environmental footprint of the flexible sensors after disposal. This research provides a new and viable way to prepare a new generation of environmentally friendly sensors.
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Álcool de Polivinil , Triticum , Humanos , Glicóis , Solventes , Condutividade Elétrica , HidrogéisRESUMO
Olanzapine (OLZ) and lithium carbonate (Li2CO3) are the main drugs for treating mental disorders related to dopamine (DA). A highly conductive carbon paper sensing electrode is used to investigate the effects of OLZ and Li2CO3 on DA oxidation due to its amplification of oxidation peak currents. Different chemical properties of drugs have different effects on DA oxidation. The presence of OLZ fouling on the electrode surface due to the irreversible adsorption weakens the sensing activity and thus reduces the DA oxidation peak current. However, the fixed DA oxidation peak potential at 0.22 V indicates no interaction between them. The hydrolysis effect of Li2CO3 increases the solution pH from 7.47 to 9.73, which promotes the deprotonation of DA, leading to a 156 mV negative shift of the DA oxidation peak potential. Additionally, a 94% decrease of the DA peak current may be related to the generation of polydopamine in alkaline media.
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Antipsicóticos , Humanos , Antipsicóticos/farmacologia , Olanzapina , Carbonato de Lítio/farmacologia , Dopamina/química , EletrodosRESUMO
AIMS: Limited real-world data show that rivaroxaban following dosage criteria from either ROCKET AF [20â mg/day or 15â mg/day if creatinine clearance (CrCl) < 50â mL/min] or J-ROCKET AF (15â mg/day or 10â mg/day if CrCl < 50â mL/min) is associated with comparable risks of thromboembolism and bleeding with each other in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF). We are aimed to study whether these observations differ between Asian and non-Asian subjects. METHODS AND RESULTS: A systematic review and meta-analysis with random effects was conducted to estimate the aggregate hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) using PubMed and MEDLINE databases from 8 September 2011 to 31 December 2022 searched for adjusted observational studies that reported relevant clinical outcomes of NVAF patients receiving rivaroxaban 10â mg/day if CrCl > 50â mL/min, on-label dose rivaroxaban eligible for ROCKET AF or J-ROCKET AF, and rivaroxaban 20â mg/day if CrCl < 50â mL/min. Effectiveness and safety endpoints were compared between ROCKET AF and J-ROCKET AF dosing regimen in Asian and non-Asian subjects, separately. Also, risks of events of rivaroxaban 10â mg/day despite of CrCl > 50â mL/min and rivaroxaban 20â mg/day despite of CrCl < 50â mL/min were compared to that of 'ROCKET AF/J-ROCKET AF dosing'. Sensitivity analyses were performed by sequential elimination of each study from the pool. The meta-regression analysis was performed to explore the influence of potential factors on the effectiveness and safety outcomes. Eighteen studies involving 67 571 Asian and 54 882 non-Asian patients were included. Rivaroxaban following J-ROCKET AF criteria was associated with comparable risks of thromboembolism in the Asian subgroup, whereas rivaroxaban following J-ROCKET AF criteria was associated with higher risks of all-cause mortality (HR:1.30; 95% CI:1.05-1.60) compared with that of ROCKET AF criteria in the non-Asian population. There were no differences in risks of major bleeding between rivaroxaban following J-ROCKET AF vs. ROCKET AF criteria either in the Asian or non-Asian population. The use of rivaroxaban 10â mg despite of CrCl > 50â mL/min was associated with a higher risk of thromboembolism (HR:1.64; 95% CI:1.28-2.11) but lower risk of major bleeding (HR:0.72; 95% CI:0.57-0.90) compared with eligible dosage criteria. The use of rivaroxaban 20â mg despite of CrCl < 50â mL/min was associated with worse clinical outcomes in the risks of thromboembolism (HR:1.32; 95% CI:1.09-1.59), mortality (HR:1.33; 95% CI:1.10-1.59), and major bleeding (HR:1.26; 95% CI:1.03-1.53) compared with eligible dosage criteria. The pooled results were generally in line with the primary effectiveness and safety outcomes by removing a single study at one time. Meta-regression analyses failed to detect the bias in most potential patient characteristics associated with the clinical outcomes. CONCLUSION: Rivaroxaban dosing regimen following J-ROCKET criteria may serve as an alternative to ROCKET AF criteria for the Asian population with NVAF, whereas the dosing regimen following ROCKET AF criteria was more favourable for the non-Asian population. The use of rivaroxaban 10â mg despite of CrCl > 50â mL/min was associated with a higher risk of thromboembolism but a lower risk of major bleeding, while use of rivaroxaban 20â mg despite of CrCl < 50â mL/min was associated with worse outcome in most clinical events.
Assuntos
Fibrilação Atrial , Acidente Vascular Cerebral , Tromboembolia , Humanos , Anticoagulantes , Fibrilação Atrial/diagnóstico , Fibrilação Atrial/tratamento farmacológico , Fibrilação Atrial/complicações , Inibidores do Fator Xa , Hemorragia/induzido quimicamente , Hemorragia/epidemiologia , Uso Off-Label , Rivaroxabana , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/epidemiologia , Tromboembolia/etiologia , Tromboembolia/prevenção & controle , Resultado do Tratamento , Varfarina , Estudos Observacionais como AssuntoRESUMO
AIMS: Limited data compared antiarrhythmic drugs (AADs) with concomitant non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants in atrial fibrillation patients, hence the aim of the study. METHODS AND RESULTS: National health insurance database were retrieved during 2012-17 for study. We excluded patients not taking AADs, bradycardia, heart block, heart failure admission, mitral stenosis, prosthetic valve, incomplete demographic data, and follow-up <3 months. Outcomes were compared in Protocol 1, dronedarone vs. non-dronedarone; Protocol 2, dronedarone vs. amiodarone; and Protocol 3, dronedarone vs. propafenone. Outcomes were acute myocardial infarction (AMI), ischaemic stroke/systemic embolism, intracranial haemorrhage (ICH), major bleeding, cardiovascular death, all-cause mortality, and major adverse cardiovascular event (MACE) (including AMI, ischaemic stroke, and cardiovascular death). In Protocol 1, 2298 dronedarone users and 6984 non-dronedarone users (amiodarone = 4844; propafenone = 1914; flecainide = 75; sotalol = 61) were analysed. Dronedarone was associated with lower ICH (HR = 0.61, 95% CI = 0.38-0.99, P = 0.0436), cardiovascular death (HR = 0.24, 95% CI = 0.16-0.37, P < 0.0001), all-cause mortality (HR = 0.33, 95% CI = 0.27-0.42, P < 0.0001), and MACE (HR = 0.56, 95% CI = 0.45-0.70, P < 0.0001). In Protocol 2, 2231 dronedarone users and 6693 amiodarone users were analysed. Dronedarone was associated with significantly lower ICH (HR = 0.53, 95%=CI 0.33-0.84, P = 0.0078), cardiovascular death (HR = 0.20, 95% CI = 0.13-0.31, P < 0.0001), all-cause mortality (HR 0.27, 95% CI 0.22-0.34, P < 0.0001), and MACE (HR = 0.53, 95% CI = 0.43-0.66, P < 0.0001), compared with amiodarone. In Protocol 3, 812 dronedarone users and 2436 propafenone users were analysed. There were no differences between two drugs for primary and secondary outcomes. CONCLUSION: The use of dronedarone with NOACs was associated with cardiovascular benefits in an Asian population, compared with non-dronedarone AADs and amiodarone.