RESUMO
Solanum aculeastrum Dunal was investigated for the presence of molluscicidal compounds. This led to the isolation of solaculine A, from the root bark in addition to known steroidal alkaloids; solamargine and beta-solamarine from the berries. The structures were elucidated by spectroscopic techniques. Molluscicidal activity of the aqueous extracts of the berries and root bark, and the isolated compounds were investigated.
Assuntos
Moluscocidas/farmacologia , Caramujos/efeitos dos fármacos , Solanaceae/química , Alcaloides de Solanáceas/farmacologia , Animais , Frutas/química , Moluscocidas/isolamento & purificação , Oligossacarídeos/isolamento & purificação , Oligossacarídeos/farmacologia , Casca de Planta/química , Raízes de Plantas/química , Alcaloides de Solanáceas/isolamento & purificação , Esteroides/isolamento & purificação , Esteroides/farmacologiaRESUMO
From the roots of the plant Tephrosia aequilata Baker, five flavonoids were isolated of which, 3,4:8,9-dimethylenedioxypterocarpan is reported for the first time. Its structure and those of the already known flavonoids were established by physical and spectroscopic analysis. Application of 2D NMR techniques was useful for complete characterization of the new pterocarpan as well as the other known flavonoids.
Assuntos
Flavonoides/química , Flavonoides/farmacologia , Tephrosia/química , Animais , Linhagem Celular , Flavonoides/isolamento & purificação , Bactérias Gram-Negativas/efeitos dos fármacos , Bactérias Gram-Positivas/efeitos dos fármacos , Concentração Inibidora 50 , Quênia , Leishmania donovani/efeitos dos fármacos , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Ressonância Magnética Nuclear Biomolecular/métodos , Extratos Vegetais/química , Extratos Vegetais/isolamento & purificação , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Plantas Medicinais/química , Plasmodium falciparum/efeitos dos fármacos , Espectrometria de Massas por Ionização por Electrospray , Espectrofotometria Infravermelho , Espectrofotometria Ultravioleta , Trypanosoma/efeitos dos fármacos , Trypanosoma/crescimento & desenvolvimentoRESUMO
Sixteen more Amaryllidaceae alkaloids have been isolated from bulbs of Crinum kirkii Baker of which noraugustamine and 4a,N-dedihydronoraugustamine are hitherto unknown. Their structures and those of earlier known alkaloids have been established by physical and spectroscopic analysis. Application of 2D NMR techniques was used for complete characterization of the alkaloids as well as of 3-O-acetylsanguinine. 1,2-Diacetyllycorine and 3-O-acetylsanguinine showed activity against Trypanosoma brucci rhodesiense, the parasite associated with sleeping sickness. 3-O-acetylsanguinine also showed some activity against Trypanosoma cruzi.
Assuntos
Alcaloides/química , Crinum/química , Alcaloides/isolamento & purificação , Alcaloides/farmacologia , Antiprotozoários/isolamento & purificação , Antiprotozoários/farmacologia , Espectroscopia de Ressonância Magnética , Espectrometria de Massas , Estrutura Molecular , Raízes de Plantas/química , EspectrofotometriaRESUMO
The methanolic extract of the fresh root bark and berries of Solanum aculeastrum showed significant activity against host snails of schistosomiasis. The berries extract was more potent with 100% snail kill at 50 ppm. Fractionation increased activity with 100% mortality at 20 ppm. The aqueous and methanolic extracts of the berries showed moderate antimicrobial activity, increasing by fractionation.
Assuntos
Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Biomphalaria/efeitos dos fármacos , Bactérias Gram-Positivas/efeitos dos fármacos , Moluscocidas/farmacologia , Fitoterapia , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Solanum , Animais , Antibacterianos/administração & dosagem , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Frutas , Humanos , Moluscocidas/administração & dosagem , Moluscocidas/uso terapêutico , Extratos Vegetais/administração & dosagem , Extratos Vegetais/uso terapêutico , Raízes de Plantas , Esquistossomose/tratamento farmacológicoRESUMO
Most people in areas surrounding Nairobi use untreated underground waters for their domestic chores. A study was carried out during the wet season (April-June) and the dry season (September-November) of the year 1994 to find out if these untreated underground waters contain dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and coliform bracteria. Out of the 40 sites sampled during both the wet and dry seasons, 11 contained colifrorm bacteria during the wet season, while only 2 contained the microbes during the dry season. The microbes were detected only in the wells. DOC was detected in 37 sites during the wet season and in 31 sites during the dry season within a range of 2.0-30.8 mg L(-1 ). DOC which mainly consists of humic and fulvic acids was quantified by measuring their absorbance at 360nm by UV-VIS spectrophotometry. The presence of coliform bacteria was detected by use of microbiological techniques.
Assuntos
Carbono , Água Subterrânea , Bactérias , Substâncias Húmicas , Quênia , Estações do Ano , Espectrofotometria , Espectrofotometria UltravioletaRESUMO
The present paper discusses the effects of the crude extracts of Trichoderma spp. on a number of fungal and bacterial organisms. These include Paecilomyces variotii, Penicillium notatum, Nematospora corylii, Mucor miehei, Bacillus brevis, Bacillus subtilis, Enterobacter dissolvens and Sarcina lutea. The culture broth extracts of different isolates of Trichoderma harzianum, T. longibrachiatum and T. koningii cultured in different media were investigated individually for in-vitro antifungal and antibacterial activities by agar diffusion technique. The culture broth extracts of T. harzianum produced definite antifungal and antibacterial activities against most of the test organisms. The results indicate that the extracts were fungicidal and antibacterial at a concentration of 100 microg per 6mm paper disks. Trichoderma harzianum showed the highest activity while T. koningii showed the least activity against most of the test organisms especially the yeast Nematospora coryli. The results of this study indicate that the Trichoderma species especially T. harzianum is a possible source of useful antimicrobial agents against pathogenic microorganisms which include gram-negative, gram-positive, fungi and yeasts.