[Determination of serum neuron-specific enolase in bronchial tumors of neuroendocrine origin]. / Determinazione della enolasi neurone specifica sierica nei tumori bronchiali di origine neuroendocrina.

Neurone-specific enolase, a serum marker of neuroendocrine tumours has been determined in small-cell anaplastic bronchial carcinomas, in typical and atypical carcinoid. The marker presents good sensitivity in small-cell tumours and in atypical carcinoids, while blood levels are within normal limits in cases of typical carcinoid. The low serum levels of neurone-specific enolase found in typical carcinoid suggest a failure of the enzyme to express itself in the circulation owing to the poor or lack of cellular necrosis.

Alpha-fetoprotein as tumor marker in lung cancer diagnosis.

Authors have studied AFP serum levels in 289 lung cancer. Only 2 cases (0.7%) showed little increase of this glycoprotein and liver pathologies were present in both patients, authors believe immunohistochemical study is necessary in lung cancers that show AFP increase.

Intramuscular calcitriol for uraemic children with severe hyperparathyroidism and hypercalcaemia.

The effect of intramuscular calcitriol was evaluated in five children (aged 1-16 years) with severe chronic renal failure and hyperparathyroidism [range of intact parathyroid hormone (PTH) 400-1,200 pg/ml]. All five children had been on oral calcitriol or 1 alpha-hydroxyvitamin D3 treatment (5-20 ng/kg per day), but an adequate, efficacious dosage could not be achieved since any attempt of increasing the dosage resulted in severe hypercalcaemia (> 2.9 mmol/l). Intramuscular calcitriol was given three times weekly for 5 months at an initial dosage of 65-70 ng/kg to all but one patient who received 100 ng/kg. In the first three patients, treatment resulted in an 86%-98% fall in serum PTH compared with baseline levels and serum calcium never exceeded 2.65 mmol/l, except for one episode of hypercalcaemia in one patient. In the last two patients, serum calcium rose above normal limits, thus calcitriol had to be discontinued several times and then restarted at a lower dosage (40 ng/kg); PTH fell by 61% and 73%, respectively, compared with basal values. All patients had very low pre-treatment levels of serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (5-15 pg/ml) which were normalized (35-56 pg/ml) by the intramuscular calcitriol-treatment. Serum phosphorus and magnesium did not vary in any of the five patients. No side effects were observed at the injection site. Intramuscular calcitriol seems a useful therapeutic option for patients with severe hyperparathyroidism associated with a high serum calcium level when treated with conventional oral calcitriol.