RESUMO
The primary study objective was to compare the pharmacokinetics of p.o. terbinafine alone to p.o. terbinafine administered with p.o. cimetidine in healthy adult horses. The second objective was to assess the pharmacokinetics of terbinafine when administered per rectum in two different suspensions at 30 mg/kg to adult horses. Six healthy adult horses were included in this crossover study. Plasma terbinafine concentrations were quantified with liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. The half-life (geometric mean) was 8.38 and 10.76 h, for p.o. alone and p.o. with cimetidine, respectively. The mean maximum plasma concentrations were 0.291 µg/mL at 1.54 h and 0.418 µg/mL at 1.28 h for p.o. alone and p.o. with cimetidine, respectively. Terbinafine with cimetidine had an average CMAX 44% higher and the relative F was 153% compared p.o. terbinafine alone, but was not statistically different (P > 0.05). Terbinafine was infrequently detected when administered per rectum in two different suspensions (water or olive oil). Minor adverse effects included oral irritation, fever, and colic. All resolved spontaneously. More pharmacokinetic studies are indicated assessing drug-drug interactions and using multiple dosing intervals to improve our knowledge of effective oral dosing, the potential for drug accumulation, and systemic adverse effect of terbinafine in horses.
Assuntos
Cimetidina/farmacocinética , Cavalos/metabolismo , Naftalenos/farmacocinética , Administração Oral , Animais , Área Sob a Curva , Estudos Cross-Over , Interações Medicamentosas , Sinergismo Farmacológico , Meia-Vida , TerbinafinaRESUMO
The objective of this study was to evaluate the plasma and serum concentrations of cytarabine (CA) administered via constant rate infusion (CRI) in dogs with meningoencephalomyelitis of unknown etiology (MUE). Nineteen client-owned dogs received a CRI of CA at a dose of 25 mg/m2 /h for 8 h as treatment for MUE. Dogs were divided into four groups, those receiving CA alone and those receiving CA in conjunction with other drugs. Blood samples were collected at 0, 1, 8, and 12 h after initiating the CRI. Plasma (n = 13) and serum (n = 11) cytarabine concentrations were measured by high-pressure liquid chromatography. The mean peak concentration (CMAX ) and area under the curve (AUC) after CRI administration were 1.70 ± 0.66 µg/mL and 11.39 ± 3.37 h·µg/mL, respectively, for dogs receiving cytarabine alone, 2.36 ± 0.35 µg/mL and 16.91 + 3.60 h·µg/mL for dogs administered cytarabine and concurrently on other drugs. Mean concentrations for all dogs were above 1.0 µg/mL at both the 1- and 8-h time points. The steady-state achieved with cytarabine CRI produces a consistent and prolonged exposure in plasma and serum, which is likely to produce equilibrium between blood and the central nervous system in dogs with a clinical diagnosis of MUE. Other medications commonly used to treat MUE do not appear to alter CA concentrations in serum and plasma.
Assuntos
Citarabina/farmacocinética , Doenças do Cão/tratamento farmacológico , Encefalomielite/veterinária , Infusões Intravenosas/veterinária , Animais , Área Sob a Curva , Citarabina/administração & dosagem , Doenças do Cão/sangue , Cães , Encefalomielite/sangue , Encefalomielite/tratamento farmacológicoRESUMO
The objective of this study was to assess the pharmacokinetic profile and determine whether any adverse effects would occur in seven healthy adult horses following oral meloxicam tablet administration once daily for 14 days at a dose of 0.6 mg/kg·bwt. Horses were evaluated for health using physical examination, complete blood count, serum chemistry, urinalysis, and gastroscopy at the beginning and end of the study. Blood was collected for the quantification of meloxicam concentrations with liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. The mean terminal half-life was 4.99 ± 1.11 h. There was no significant difference between the mean Cmax , 1.58 ± 0.71 ng/mL at Tmax 3.48 ± 3.30 h on day 1, 2.07 ± 0.94 ng/mL at Tmax 1.24 ± 1.24 h on day 7, and 1.81 ± 0.76 ng/mL at 1.93 ± 1.30 h on day 14 (P = 0.30). There was a statistically significant difference between the Tmax on the sample days (P = 0.04). No statistically significant increase in gastric ulcer score or laboratory analytes was noted. Oral meloxicam tablets were absorbed in adult horses, and adverse effects were not statistically significant in this study. Further studies should evaluate the adverse effects and efficacy of meloxicam tablets in a larger population of horses before routine use can be recommended.
Assuntos
Anti-Inflamatórios não Esteroides/farmacocinética , Doenças dos Cavalos/induzido quimicamente , Úlcera Gástrica/veterinária , Tiazinas/farmacocinética , Tiazóis/farmacocinética , Administração Oral , Animais , Anti-Inflamatórios não Esteroides/administração & dosagem , Anti-Inflamatórios não Esteroides/efeitos adversos , Anti-Inflamatórios não Esteroides/sangue , Área Sob a Curva , Feminino , Meia-Vida , Cavalos , Masculino , Meloxicam , Úlcera Gástrica/induzido quimicamente , Comprimidos , Tiazinas/administração & dosagem , Tiazinas/efeitos adversos , Tiazinas/sangue , Tiazóis/administração & dosagem , Tiazóis/efeitos adversos , Tiazóis/sangueRESUMO
The objective of the study was to assess the pharmacokinetics of terbinafine administered orally to horses and Greyhound dogs. A secondary objective was to assess terbinafine metabolites. Six healthy horses and six healthy Greyhound dogs were included in the pharmacokinetic data. The targeted dose of terbinafine was 20 and 30 mg/kg for horses and dogs, respectively. Blood was collected at predetermined intervals for the quantification of terbinafine concentrations with liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. The half-life (geometric mean) was 8.1 and 8.6 h for horses and Greyhounds, respectively. The mean maximum plasma concentration was 0.31 and 4.01 µg/mL for horses and Greyhounds, respectively. The area under the curve (to infinity) was 1.793 h·µg/mL for horses and 17.253 h·µg/mL for Greyhounds. Adverse effects observed in one study horse included pawing at the ground, curling lips, head shaking, anxiety and circling, but these resolved spontaneously within 30 min of onset. No adverse effects were noted in the dogs. Ions consistent with carboxyterbinafine, n-desmethylterbinafine, hydroxyterbinafine and desmethylhydroxyterbinafine were identified in horse and Greyhound plasma after terbinafine administration. Further studies are needed assessing the safety and efficacy of terbinafine in horses and dogs.
Assuntos
Antifúngicos/farmacocinética , Cães/metabolismo , Cavalos/metabolismo , Naftalenos/farmacocinética , Administração Oral , Animais , Antifúngicos/administração & dosagem , Antifúngicos/metabolismo , Esquema de Medicação/veterinária , Feminino , Masculino , Naftalenos/administração & dosagem , Naftalenos/metabolismo , Comprimidos , TerbinafinaRESUMO
Recent years have witnessed a surge in interest directed at innate immune mechanisms. Proper conceptualization of the key elements of innate immunity, however, is still a work in progress, because most research in immunology traditionally has been focused on components of the acquired immune response. The question of why an animal stays healthy in a world filled with many dangers is perhaps as interesting as why it sometimes surrenders to disease. Consequently, studies with an increased focus on inborn mechanisms of animal host defense may help further the development of appropriate preventative and therapeutic measures in veterinary medicine. Host defense peptides (HDPs) are central effector molecules of innate immunity, and are produced by virtually all living species throughout the plant and animal kingdoms. These gene-encoded peptides play a central role in multiple, clinically relevant disease processes. Imbalances in the expression of HDPs can lead to overt pathology in different organ systems and cell types in all species studied. In addition, HDPs are an ancient group of innate chemical protectors, which are now evaluated as model molecules for the development of novel natural antibiotics and immunoregulatory compounds. This review provides an overview of HDPs and is aimed at veterinary practitioners as well as basic researchers with an interest in comparative immunology involving small and large animal species.
Assuntos
Doenças dos Animais/imunologia , Animais Domésticos/imunologia , Catelicidinas/metabolismo , Defensinas/metabolismo , Imunidade Inata/fisiologia , Animais , Catelicidinas/química , Defensinas/química , Medicina Veterinária/métodosAssuntos
Anestésicos Locais/farmacocinética , Anti-Inflamatórios não Esteroides/farmacocinética , Clonixina/análogos & derivados , Cavalos/sangue , Lidocaína/farmacocinética , Anestésicos Locais/administração & dosagem , Animais , Anti-Inflamatórios não Esteroides/administração & dosagem , Clonixina/administração & dosagem , Clonixina/farmacocinética , Quimioterapia Combinada , Lidocaína/administração & dosagemRESUMO
Numerous studies have linked exposure to stress to adverse health outcomes through the effects of cortisol, a product of the stress response system, on cellular aging processes. Accelerated DNA methylation age is a promising epigenetic marker associated with stress and disease risk that may constitute a link from stress response to changes in neural structures. Specifically, elevated glucocorticoid signaling likely contributes to accelerating DNA methylation age, which may signify a maladaptive stress-related cascade that leads to hippocampal atrophy. We examined the relations among diurnal cortisol levels, DNA methylation age and hippocampal volume in a longitudinal study of 46 adolescent girls. We computed area under the curve from two daily cortisol collection periods, and calculated DNA methylation age using previously established methods based on a set of CpG sites associated with chronological age. We computed a residual score by partialling out chronological age; higher discrepancies reflect relatively accelerated DNA methylation age. We assessed hippocampal volume via T1-weighted images and automated volumetric segmentation. We found that greater diurnal cortisol production was associated with accelerated DNA methylation age, which in turn was associated with reduced left hippocampal volume. Finally, accelerated DNA methylation age significantly mediated the association between diurnal cortisol and left hippocampal volume. Thus, accelerated DNA methylation age may be an epigenetic marker linking hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis dysregulation with neural structure. If these findings are replicated, the current study provides a method for advancing our understanding of mechanisms by which glucocorticoid signaling is associated with cellular aging and brain development.
Assuntos
Metilação de DNA , Hipocampo/patologia , Hidrocortisona/metabolismo , Adolescente , Ritmo Circadiano , Epigênese Genética , Feminino , Humanos , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Saliva/químicaRESUMO
REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Protection from infectious disease requires antigen-specific immunity. In foals, most vaccine protocols are delayed until 6 months to avoid maternal antibody interference. Susceptibility to disease may exist prior to administration of vaccination at age 4-6 months. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this investigation was to characterise immune activation among healthy foals in response to a multivalent vaccine protocol and compare immune responses when foals were vaccinated at age either 90 or 180 days. STUDY DESIGN: Randomised block design. METHODS: Twelve healthy foals with colostral transfer were blocked for age and randomly assigned to vaccination at age 90 days (treatment) or at age 180 days (control). Vaccination protocols included a 3-dose series and booster vaccine administered at age 11 months. RESULTS: Immune response following vaccination at age 90 or 180 days was comparable for several measures of cellular immunity. Antigen specific CD4+ and CD8+ expression of interleukin-4, interferon-γ and granzyme B to eastern equine encephalomyelitis, western equine encephalomyelitis, West Nile virus, tetanus toxoid, equine influenza and equine herpesvirus-1/4 antigens were evident for both groups 30 days after initial vaccine and at age 344 days. Both groups showed a significant increase in antigen-specific immunoglobulin G expression following booster vaccine at age 11 months, thereby indicating memory immune responses. CONCLUSIONS: The data presented in this report demonstrate that young foals are capable of immune activation following a 3-dose series with a multivalent vaccine, despite presence of maternal antibodies. Although immune activation does not automatically confer protection, several of the immune indicators measured showed comparable expression in foals vaccinated at 3 months relative to control foals vaccinated at age 6 months. In high-risk situations where immunity may be required earlier than following a conventional vaccine series, our data provide evidence that foals respond to immunisation initiated at 3 months in a comparable manner to foals initiated at an older age.
Assuntos
Doenças dos Cavalos/prevenção & controle , Esquemas de Imunização , Vacinas Virais/imunologia , Viroses/veterinária , Envelhecimento , Animais , Anticorpos Antivirais/sangue , Anticorpos Antivirais/imunologia , Antígenos Virais/imunologia , Linfócitos T CD4-Positivos/metabolismo , Linfócitos T CD8-Positivos/metabolismo , Regulação da Expressão Gênica/imunologia , Genes MHC da Classe II/imunologia , Granzimas/genética , Granzimas/metabolismo , Cavalos , Interferon gama/genética , Interferon gama/metabolismo , Interleucina-4/genética , Interleucina-4/metabolismo , Vacinas Virais/administração & dosagem , Viroses/prevenção & controleRESUMO
BACKGROUND: This study hypothesizes that predicted polymorphism of the interferon-gamma receptor 1 gene may play an important role in infection after trauma as supported by microsatellite analysis. METHODS: DNA was extracted from the peripheral leukocytes of 38 trauma patients with Injury Severity Scores greater than 16. D6S471, a microsatellite marker on chromosome 6 near interferon-gamma receptor 1, was amplified with polymerase chain reaction, and genotypes were determined. RESULTS: The mean Injury Severity Score was 32, and 63% of patients (24 of 38) developed major infection. Three alleles and 5 genotypes were identified for D6S471. Twenty-six percent of patients (10 of 38) had genotype AA, all of whom developed major infection (P =.004). Genotype BB accounted for 57% of the uninfected population (8 of 14) but only 21% of the infected group (P =.028). Allele A had a frequency of 33%, of which 22 alleles (88%) were found in infected patients (P =.001). In addition, allele B accounted for 61% of the uninfected group (17 of 28) but only 23% (11 of 48) of the infected group (P =.001). Allele C demonstrated no correlation. CONCLUSIONS: Microsatellite polymorphism correlates strongly with infection. These findings portend polymorphism in the receptor itself and thereby represent a genetic basis for the development of infection. We suggest this identifies a high-risk group who could benefit from more specific therapy that may have the potential to overcome this receptor insufficiency.
Assuntos
Doenças Transmissíveis/epidemiologia , Doenças Transmissíveis/genética , Repetições de Microssatélites , Polimorfismo Genético , Receptores de Interferon/genética , Ferimentos não Penetrantes/complicações , Ferimentos Penetrantes/complicações , Adulto , Alelos , Doenças Transmissíveis/etiologia , Doenças Transmissíveis/imunologia , Genótipo , Humanos , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Ferimentos não Penetrantes/imunologia , Ferimentos Penetrantes/imunologia , Receptor de Interferon gamaRESUMO
Studies in infants and foals indicate an age-dependent maturation of peripheral lymphocyte subsets. The age-dependent relationship for maturation of cellular immune responses, such as phagocytosis and lymphocyte responses of the peripheral and pulmonary-derived leukocytes, has not been characterized in foals. Lymphocyte subpopulations, mitogen stimulation response of lymphocytes, lymphokine-activated killing cell activity, phagocytosis and oxidative burst activity, and serum immunoglobulin (Ig) classes G and M concentrations were determined in developing foals. This study illustrates age-dependent changes in immunoglobulin class concentrations, lymphocyte subsets, and EqMHC Class II expression in cells of the peripheral blood and lungs of developing neonatal-to-weanling foals. The increase in peripheral blood and BAL B-lymphocytes and serum immunoglobulins in developing foals suggests expansion of immune cell populations during a time in which environmental pathogen exposure is great. General immune function, mitogenic responses, LAK cell activity, opsonized phagocytosis, and oxidative burst activity of newborns was similar to the adult horse. Total immune-cell numbers, rather than function, seemed to be the limiting factor in the development of the equine neonatal immune system. There was an age-related percent increase in the appearance of pulmonary lymphocytes, but a percent decrease in macrophages. Although development of the respiratory immune system follows changes in the peripheral blood, cellular expansion, activation, and migration may occur at a slower pace, making the respiratory environment susceptible to pathogens prior to optimal immune system maturity.
Assuntos
Cavalos/imunologia , Leucócitos/fisiologia , Pulmão/imunologia , Envelhecimento/fisiologia , Animais , Animais Recém-Nascidos/fisiologia , Líquido da Lavagem Broncoalveolar/citologia , Feminino , Imunoglobulina G/análise , Imunoglobulina M/análise , Imunofenotipagem/veterinária , Células Matadoras Ativadas por Linfocina/fisiologia , Contagem de Leucócitos/veterinária , Ativação Linfocitária , Subpopulações de Linfócitos/fisiologia , Masculino , Fagocitose/fisiologia , Explosão Respiratória/fisiologiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether pulmonary distribution of aerosolized technetium Tc 99m pentetate is improved after inhalation of a single dose of albuterol sulfate in horses susceptible to recurrent airway obstruction (heaves). ANIMALS: 6 horses with heaves and 4 horses with normal respiratory tract function. PROCEDURE: Images were obtained during ventilation of horses at baseline (maximal change in pleural pressure during tidal breathing [deltaPpImax] >15 cm H2O) and after aerosolized albuterol sulfate (360 microg) administration, with a 24-hour washout period between experiments. The deltaPpImax was determined prior to the baseline scan, prior to albuterol sulfate administration, and 5 minutes after albuterol sulfate administration. Images were assessed by visual inspection (semi-quantitative scoring system) and histogram analysis. RESULTS: Images obtained from horses with heaves had nonuniform pulmonary distribution of radionuclide characterized by poor penetration in peripheral lung fields and excess deposition in large airways. Histogram analysis of images of the caudal portions of the lungs revealed nonuniform radionuclide deposition in horses with heaves and uniform radionuclide deposition in control horses. CONCLUSION: Administration of a single dose of aerosolized albuterol sulfate improved pulmonary distribution of aerosolized radiolabeled pentetate suspension in horses with heaves but did not alter pulmonary distribution in clinically normal horses. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Precedent bronchodilator administration may improve pulmonary distribution of aerosolized, surface-active anti-inflammatory preparations.
Assuntos
Obstrução das Vias Respiratórias/veterinária , Albuterol , Broncodilatadores , Doenças dos Cavalos/diagnóstico por imagem , Pulmão/diagnóstico por imagem , Pentetato de Tecnécio Tc 99m/farmacocinética , Administração por Inalação , Aerossóis , Obstrução das Vias Respiratórias/diagnóstico por imagem , Obstrução das Vias Respiratórias/fisiopatologia , Animais , Feminino , Cavalos , Pulmão/efeitos dos fármacos , Pulmão/fisiopatologia , Masculino , Cintilografia , Recidiva , Pentetato de Tecnécio Tc 99m/administração & dosagemRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To estimate sensitivity and accuracy of subjective evaluation of mild lameness in horses during treadmill locomotion and to correlate subjective evaluation with kinematic analysis. ANIMALS: 19 lame and 5 clinically normal horses. PROCEDURE: Lameness was evaluated by subjective score and kinematic analysis before and after palmar digital nerve block (PDNB). Evaluations were made by 6 clinicians and 7 interns or residents. Within- and between-observer agreement analyses (kappa values) were calculated and compared, using a Student's t-test. Pearson's product-moment correlation coefficients were calculated between clinician's change in score and the change in kinematic variables after PDNB. RESULTS: Within-observer agreement was within the range expected for conditions of moderate diagnostic difficulty. Within-observer agreement was higher for clinicians than for interns or residents. Between-observer agreement was acceptable for scores within 1 value of each other. Between-observer agreement of change in lameness score after PDNB was poor. When kinematic variables were ranked with each clinician's subjective change in score, only 2 were among the top 3 for the majority of clinicians. Asymmetry of vertical head movement between contralateral forelimb stance phases and the point of maximum hoof height during swing decreased as lameness subjectively improved. CONCLUSION: Mild lameness may be difficult to evaluate during treadmill locomotion. Although clinicians were more repeatable in their subjective evaluation of lameness than interns or residents, they were not more reliable at detecting the true state of lameness. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Lack of agreement between clinician scoring of mild lameness emphasizes the need to use more objective measures for quantifying lameness.
Assuntos
Marcha , Doenças dos Cavalos/diagnóstico , Coxeadura Animal/diagnóstico , Animais , Fenômenos Biomecânicos , Teste de Esforço/veterinária , Membro Anterior/fisiopatologia , Doenças dos Cavalos/epidemiologia , Doenças dos Cavalos/fisiopatologia , Cavalos , Coxeadura Animal/epidemiologia , Coxeadura Animal/fisiopatologia , Análise Numérica Assistida por Computador , Variações Dependentes do Observador , Sensibilidade e EspecificidadeRESUMO
A gas chromatographic procedure was developed to measure SO2 in the presence of water vapour up to saturation level in the headspace atmospheres of packaged food. A Teflon column packed with Chromosorb 108 was used to separate CO2, SO2, and H2O in that order, then SO2 was determined using an electrolytic conductivity detector operated in a non-catalytic mode. A permeation-tube apparatus, producing SO2 and modified to permit humidification of the effluent stream, was used to calibrate the instrument, and a heated syringe technique was devised which overcame problems of sampling low levels of SO2 in the presence of water vapour. In food headspaces the method was used to determine SO2 at the ng ml-1 level with relative deviations of less than 5%.
Assuntos
Conservantes de Alimentos/análise , Dióxido de Enxofre/análise , Cromatografia Gasosa , Condutividade Elétrica , Água , Vinho/análiseRESUMO
Disseminated geotrichosis was diagnosed at necropsy of 2 unrelated dogs from the same household. Clinical signs of disease included fever, coughing, anorexia, listlessness, polydipsia, and dyspnea. The duration of clinical illness was less than 2 weeks. Pathologic findings in both dogs were similar and consisted of pyogranulomatous pneumonia, hepatitis, and nephritis. Geotrichum candidum was identified by fluorescent antibody technique.
Assuntos
Doenças do Cão , Geotricose/veterinária , Micoses/veterinária , Animais , Mordeduras e Picadas/complicações , Mordeduras e Picadas/veterinária , Doenças do Cão/etiologia , Doenças do Cão/patologia , Cães , Geotricose/etiologia , Geotricose/patologia , Geotrichum/isolamento & purificação , Pulmão/microbiologia , Pulmão/patologia , Masculino , GuaxininsRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate clinical response, pulmonary function, and adrenal gland response to incremental doses of beclomethasone dipropionate in horses with recurrent airway obstruction. DESIGN: Crossover trial. ANIMALS: 8 horses with recurrent airway obstruction. PROCEDURE: Horses randomly assigned to 4 groups were treated twice daily via aerosol administration of placebo or 500, 1,000, or 1,500 micrograms of beclomethasone dipropionate in a crossover design with a 10-day minimum washout period. Subjective assessment of airway obstruction, serum cortisol concentration, and maximum change in pleural pressure during tidal breathing (delta Pplmax) were determined daily prior to morning drug administration, and delta Pplmax was reevaluated 15 minutes after morning drug administration. Pulmonary resistance and dynamic compliance were determined at baseline and approximately 12 hours after the final treatment. RESULTS: An immediate treatment effect was not identified. Within 24 hours, delta Pplmax and airway obstruction were lower in horses receiving beclomethasone. Onset and magnitude of response was similar among the 3 beclomethasone dose regimens. Pulmonary resistance was improved only after administration of all 3 doses of beclomethasone, whereas dynamic compliance was improved after administration of 1,000 micrograms and 1,500 micrograms of beclomethasone. Reduction in serum cortisol concentration occurred with all 3 beclomethasone dose regimens; however, the magnitude of adrenal gland suppression was greater in horses receiving 1,000 or 1,500 micrograms of beclomethasone. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Low-dose (500 micrograms) beclomethasone administration caused similar, improvement in pulmonary function, compared with high-dose beclomethasone (1,000 and 1,500 micrograms), with the exception of dynamic compliance, and caused less suppression of endogenous cortisol production.
Assuntos
Glândulas Suprarrenais/efeitos dos fármacos , Obstrução das Vias Respiratórias/veterinária , Anti-Inflamatórios/farmacologia , Beclometasona/farmacologia , Doenças dos Cavalos/tratamento farmacológico , Pulmão/efeitos dos fármacos , Administração Tópica , Glândulas Suprarrenais/fisiologia , Aerossóis , Obstrução das Vias Respiratórias/tratamento farmacológico , Obstrução das Vias Respiratórias/fisiopatologia , Animais , Anti-Inflamatórios/administração & dosagem , Anti-Inflamatórios/uso terapêutico , Beclometasona/administração & dosagem , Beclometasona/uso terapêutico , Estudos Cross-Over , Feminino , Doenças dos Cavalos/fisiopatologia , Cavalos , Hidrocortisona/sangue , Pulmão/fisiologia , Masculino , Testes de Função Respiratória/veterináriaRESUMO
This paper describes a method for simultaneously measuring phagocytosis and oxidative burst activity in equine peripheral blood leukocytes by flow cytometry. Opsonized propidium iodide-labelled Staphylococcus aureus (PI-Sa) was used to measure the uptake of bacteria by equine phacocytes and the oxidative burst activity by oxidation of dihydrorhodamine 123. The requirements to achieve optimal activity of phagocytosis and oxidative burst are described. The advantage of the simultaneous technique is that it provides both independent and comparative values for phagocytosis and the oxidative burst, for the detection of impaired mechanisms of microbial destruction. Furthermore, the technique allows evaluation of opsonization activity in this context.
Assuntos
Citometria de Fluxo/métodos , Cavalos/imunologia , Leucócitos/citologia , Leucócitos/metabolismo , Fagocitose , Explosão Respiratória , Animais , Corantes Fluorescentes/metabolismo , Cavalos/sangue , Cavalos/microbiologia , Leucócitos/imunologia , Oxirredução , Propídio/metabolismo , Rodaminas/metabolismo , Staphylococcus aureus/imunologiaAssuntos
Doenças dos Cavalos/diagnóstico , Neutropenia/veterinária , Animais , Animais Recém-Nascidos , Colostro/metabolismo , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Doenças dos Cavalos/tratamento farmacológico , Doenças dos Cavalos/imunologia , Cavalos , Imunoglobulina G/sangue , Masculino , Neutropenia/diagnóstico , Neutropenia/tratamento farmacológico , Neutropenia/imunologiaRESUMO
A 5-y-old Paint horse gelding was evaluated for acute laminitis after exposure to black walnut shavings. The gelding's feet were previously soaked in an ice bath continuously for approximately 24 h. Treatment consisted of anti-inflammatory and vasodilator therapy. Serial radiographs revealed progressive palmar deviation of the third phalanx and subsolar abscesses in both forefeet. The gelding developed purulent discharge from the right coronary band and the hoof wall detached circumfrentially. Euthanasia was elected after 54 days. Continual exposure of the gelding's feet to ice water temperatures may have caused decreased perfusion and increased edema formation in the laminae resulting in decreased blood flow and exacerbating the existing ischemic necrosis.