Influence of the Coach's Method and Leadership Profile on the Positive Development of Young Players in Team Sports.

In a time of instability caused by adolescence, sport may represent a resource to prevent future individual and social problems. Within the complex relationships developed in social sports contexts, the figure of the coach can be fundamental for the development of a beneficial environment. The objective of the research was to investigate the relationship between the teaching methods and leadership profile of the coach and outcomes on the perception of positive development of young people participating in an after school sports program. In total participated, 910 adolescents (14.0 ± 1.8 years) and 57 coaches (45.57 ± 7.25 years) in 37 public schools in the city of Curitiba, in the state of Paraná-Brazil. Ordinal logistic regression was used to verify the independent associations between the variables sex, category, sport, trainer methodology, perception of the coaches, and perception of the athletes with the tertiles of the scores of each developmental characteristic of the young athletes (personal and social skills, cognitive skills, goal setting, and initiative). Odds ratios (OR) were obtained with a 95% confidence interval (95%CI), adopting p < 0.05. The small sized games method were positively associated with cognitive skills and goal setting. Positive associations were also found between athletes' perceptions of the leadership profile of coaches with: personal and social skills (instructor, democratic behaviour, social support, and positive feedback), cognitive skills (instructor, democratic behaviour, and social support), goal setting (instructor, social support, and positive feedback), and initiative (instructor and positive feedback). In addition, the athletes' perception of the coaches' autocratic behaviour was inversely associated with personal and social skills and goal setting. For the evaluated program, the results suggest the choice, on the part of the coaches, of small sized games, combined with a democratic, affective, motivating leadership profile that provides instructions on technical skills and game strategies. The combination of the designated psych-pedagogical aspects is correlated to the positive development of young people through team sports.

Quality of life perception of basketball master athletes: association with physical activity level and sports injuries.

This study aimed to verify the prevalence and characteristics of sports injuries (SI) and determine the association between the physical activity level (PA) and SI with perception of health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in Brazilian basketball master athletes. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 410 male master athletes, between 35 and 85 years of age (mean 52.26, SD ±11.83). The HRQoL was assessed using the Medical Outcomes Study - Short Form-36. The PA was evaluated using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Information regarding SI was collected using the Reported Morbidity Survey. Poisson regression, as estimated by the prevalence ratio (PR), was used as a measure of the association of PA and SI with HRQoL. The majority of athletes showed a high SI prevalence (58.3%) and reported one injury (67.8%) that occurred during training (61.1%) and primarily affected a lower limb (74.6%). The adjusted regression models showed a positive association of PA with the Functional Capacity (PR = 1.46, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.12-1.90) and Physical Component (PR = 1.32, 95% CI = 1.03-1.70) of HRQoL. Furthermore, the SI were negatively associated with HRQoL in Functional Capacity (PR = 1.85, 95% CI = 1.51-2.27), Physical Aspects (PR = 3.99, 95% CI = 3.08-5.18), Pain (PR = 1.65, 95% CI = 1.26-2.16), Social Functioning (PR = 1.79, 95% CI = 1.41-2.27), Emotional Aspects (PR = 4.40, 95% CI = 3.35-5.78), Mental Health domains (PR = 1.37, 95% CI = 1.06-1.68), Physical Component (PR = 2.35, 95% CI = 1.90-2.90) and Mental Component (PR = 2.65, 95% CI = 2.14-3.29). These results highlighted that master athletes showed a high SI prevalence, primarily in the lower limbs. PA positively correlates with the physical HRQoL domain, whereas SI may decrease the HRQoL levels of both physical and mental domains.

The Association Between Physical Activity and Quality of Life Domains Among Older Women.

This study examined whether the weekly volume and frequency of moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and light walking (LW) were associated with quality of life (QOL) domains of 1,806 older women from Brazil. The WHOQOL-BREF and WHOQOL-OLD instruments were used to measure QOL, while the weekly volume and frequency of MVPA and LW were assessed by IPAQ. An ordinal logistic regression was used as a measure of association. The weekly volumes of MVPA and LW were associated with several domains of QOL. Higher frequency of MVPA was associated with better scores in 10 QOL domains. The weekly frequency of LW, in turn, was associated with all QOL domains. In conclusion, promoting active transport and encouraging physical activity in older adults, for at least 150 min and distributed several days per week, help to increase QOL.

Indicators of Quality of Life According to Self-Efficacy, Physical Activity and Cognition among Elderly People Attending Open Universities for the Elderly in Southern Brazil

Introduction: Quality of life is a multifaceted construct that depends on the person's subjective perception; however, some studies have shown self-efficacy and cognition with possible indicators of this positive perception of quality of life in people. Objective: Examined prediction of Quality of Life (QL) and its domains according to self-efficacy, physical activity (PA) and cognition among elderly people attending public Open Universities for the elderly in the State of Paraná, Brazil. Method: Cross-sectional descriptive correlational study with a sample of 277 elderly. Questionnaires used: Sociodemographic, WHOQOL-BREF and WHOQOL-OLD, IPAQ, General Perceived Self-Efficacy Scale and Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination. Statistical: Descriptive and inferential analysis (correlation and multiple linear regression), significancep < .05. Results: The mean age was 67.60 (SD=6.65). Self-efficacy was related to QOL and to all domains. PA correlated with general QOL and the Psychological and Social domains. Cognition was correlated with general QOL and five other domains (Physical, Psychological, Social, Environmental, Sensory functioning, Past/Present/ Future Activities). Self-efficacy, PA and Cognition can explain 10% of the general QOL, and 14% of the Environmental domain. The specific QOL and its domains had 10% of explanation. Conclusion: QOL can be explained by the constructs self-efficacy, cognition and PA.

Introducción: La calidad de vida es un constructo multifacético que depende de la percepción subjetiva de la persona; sin embargo, algunos estudios han demostrado que la autoeficacia y la cognición son posibles indicadores de esta percepción positiva de la calidad de vida en las personas. Objetivo: se examinó la predicción de la calidad de vida (CV) y sus dominios según la autoeficacia, la actividad física (AF) y la cognición entre ancianos que asisten a Universidad Abierta para Adultos Mayores en el Estado de Paraná, Brasil. Método: estudio transversal descriptivo correlacional con una muestra de 277 ancianos. Cuestionarios utilizados: sociodemográfico, WHOQOL-BREF y WHOQOL-OLD, IPAQ, Escala de Autoeficacia Percibida General y Examen Cognitivo de Addenbrooke. Estadística: análisis descriptivo e inferencial (correlación y regresión lineal múltiple), significancia p < .05. Resultados: la edad media fue de 67.60 (DE=6.65). La autoeficacia se relacionó con la calidad de vida y con todos los dominios. AF se correlacionó con la CV general y los dominios psicológico y social. La cognición se correlacionó con la calidad de vida general y otros cinco dominios (funcionamiento físico, psicológico, social, ambiental, sensorial, actividades pasadas/presentes/futuras). Autoeficacia, AF y cognición pueden explicar el 10% de la CV general y el 14% del dominio ambiental. La CV específica y sus dominios tuvieron 10% de explicación. Conclusión: la CV puede ser explicada por los constructos autoeficacia, cognición y AF.

[Aspects of quality of life associated with self-rated health: a study of elderly women from a physical activity program in low-income neighborhoods in Curitiba in the state of Paraná, Brazil]. / Domínios da qualidade de vida associados à percepção de saúde: um estudo com idosas de um programa de atividade física em bairros de baixa renda de Curitiba, Paraná, Brasil.

This study sought to analyze which aspects of quality of life (QoL; Physical, Psychological, Social Relationships and Environmental) are associated with the perception of health among elderly women from low-income neighborhoods in Curitiba in the state of Paraná. The sample comprised 450 elderly participants of the Elderly in Motion Program of the Boqueirão, Pinheirinho and Bairro Novo neighborhoods. The question "How do you rate your general health?" was used to assess the perceived health in the elderly, and the Whoqol-Bref questionnaire was used to identify the aspects of QoL. Descriptive statistics, the Mann-Whitney U test, Spearman's correlation test and binary logistic regression were used for data analysis. All aspects were significantly associated with perceived health (p < 0.05). However, after adjusting for confounding variables, only the Physical and Environmental aspects revealed significant associations. In other words, elderly women with a negative perception of these aspects were twice as likely to have a negative perception of health. The conclusion reached is that programs aimed at promoting health and QoL in low-income elderly women ought to concentrate their actions on the physical and environmental aspects of QoL.

The prevalence and correlates of meeting the current physical activity for health guidelines in older people: a cross-sectional study in Brazilian women.

This study aimed to identify the prevalence and correlates of meeting the current physical activity for health (PAfH) guidelines, proposed by the World Health Organization in 2010, in community-dwelling older women from Brazil. A cross-sectional study was performed with 1806 women (aged 60.0-92.7 years) who were randomly selected from eighteen care centers. The short version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire was used to determine the weekly time spent in physical activities, and this variable was categorized into three categories (0<150min/wk; 1: 150-299.9min/wk; 2: ≥300min/wk). Age, race/ethnicity, economic class, education level, occupational and marital status, body mass index and blood pressure status, medical conditions, use of medications, and self-rated health status were the potential correlates. The ordinal logistic regression was used as a measure of association. From the total group of participants, 49.9% followed the current recommendations related to basic health benefits (150-299min/wk), and 35.9% met the guidelines for additional health effects (300 or more min/wk). Women with secondary complete education (OR=1.43, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.17-1.74), positive self-rated health (OR=5.25, 95% CI: 2.10-13.09), and high blood pressure (OR=1.33, 95% CI: 1.09-1.62) were more likely to meet the current PAfH guidelines than their peers with primary incomplete education, negative self-rated health, and normal blood pressure. Increasing age was inversely associated with meeting the PAfH guidelines (odds ranging: 0.77-0.48). These results highlighted the elderly population subgroups, in a developing country, that needspecific guidelinesfor inclusion inhealth programs andmotivation toparticipate in physical activities.

[Older women associating obesity with a negative perception of their health: a study in low-income neighborhoods in Curitiba, southern Brazil]. / Associação da obesidade com a percepção de saúde negativa em idosas: um estudo em bairros de baixa renda de Curitiba, Sul do Brasil.

OBJECTIVE: The present study was aimed at analyzing the association between elderly women's perception of their nutritional status (overweight and obesity) regarding their overall health in low-income neighborhoods in Curitiba, Brazil. METHODS: The sample consisted of 449 elderly women participating in the Idoso em Movimento program in low-income neighborhoods in Curitiba. Body weight and height were measured to calculate their Body Mass Index (BMI); 25 kg/m(2) and 30 kg/m(2) cut-off points were considered for determining weight status regarding being overweight and obese, respectively. A specific question concerning elderly health perception was used for classifying them into negative or positive health perception categories. Kruskal-Wallis and Chi-square tests were used for data analysis in terms of descriptive statistics. Binary logistic regression was used for analyzing the association between weight status and health perception, controlling for age, economic status, marital status, years spent in formal education, occupational status and time spent on physical activity per week. A 5 % significance level was used. RESULTS: Obesity was significantly associated with a perception of suffering negative health (p<0.05). Obese elderly women were twice as likely to have a negative perception of their health. Being overweight was not associated with a negative perception of health. CONCLUSION: Decreasing obesity in obese low-income elderly is paramount for promoting better health perception in this risk group.

Associação da obesidade com a percepção de saúde negativa em idosas: um estudo em bairros de baixa renda de Curitiba, Sul do Brasil / Older women associating obesity with a negative perception of their health: a study in low-income neighborhoods in Curitiba, southern Brazil / Asociación de la obesidad con la percepción de salud negativa en mujeres mayores: un estudio en barrios de bajos ingresos de Curitiba, Sur de Brasil

Objetivo O presente estudo objetivou analisar a associação entre o estado nutricional (sobrepeso e obesidade) e a percepção de saúde em idosas de regiões de baixa renda do município de Curitiba, Brasil. Métodos A amostra foi composta por 449 idosas, participantes do programa Idoso em Movimento em alguns bairros de baixa renda do referido município. O peso corporal e a estatura foram mensurados para cálculo do Índice de Massa Corporal (IMC). Os pontos de corte do IMC de 25 e 30 kg/m² foram considerados para determinação do sobrepeso e obesidade, respectivamente. Uma questão específica foi utilizada para avaliar a percepção de saúde das idosas, sendo classificada como percepção de saúde positiva ou negativa. A análise dos dados apropriou-se da estatística descritiva, teste de Kruskal-Wallis e Qui-quadrado. A regressão logística binária foi utilizada para identificar a associação entre o estado nutricional e percepção de saúde, sendo controlada pela idade, classificação econômica, estado civil, anos de escolaridade, situação ocupacional e tempo semanal de atividade física. O nível de significância foi de 5 %. Resultados A obesidade esteve significativamente associada à percepção de saúde negativa (p<0,05). Idosas com obesidade tiveram cerca de duas vezes mais chances de ter uma percepção de saúde negativa. A condição de sobrepeso não esteve associada com uma percepção de saúde negativa. Conclusão A redução da obesidade em populações de baixa renda pode ser fundamental para a promoção de uma percepção de saúde positiva entre idosas.

Objective The present study was aimed at analyzing the association between elderly women's perception of their nutritional status (overweight and obesity) regarding their overall health in low-income neighborhoods in Curitiba, Brazil. Methods The sample consisted of 449 elderly women participating in the Idoso em Movimento program in low-income neighborhoods in Curitiba. Body weight and height were measured to calculate their Body Mass Index (BMI); 25 kg/m² and 30 kg/m² cut-off points were considered for determining weight status regarding being overweight and obese, respectively. A specific question concerning elderly health perception was used for classifying them into negative or positive health perception categories. Kruskal-Wallis and Chi-square tests were used for data analysis in terms of descriptive statistics. Binary logistic regression was used for analyzing the association between weight status and health perception, controlling for age, economic status, marital status, years spent in formal education, occupational status and time spent on physical activity per week. A 5 % significance level was used. Results Obesity was significantly associated with a perception of suffering negative health (p<0.05). Obese elderly women were twice as likely to have a negative perception of their health. Being overweight was not associated with a negative perception of health. Conclusion Decreasing obesity in obese low-income elderly is paramount for promoting better health perception in this risk group.

Objetivo Analizar la asociación entre el estado nutricional (sobrepeso y obesidad) y la percepción de salud de mujeres adultas mayores en localidades de bajos ingresos de la ciudad de Curitiba, Brasil. Métodos La muestra contó con 449 participantes de la tercera edad en el programa de movimiento en algunos barrios de bajos ingresos de esta ciudad. El peso corporal y la estatura se midieron para calcular el Índice de Masa Corporal (IMC). Los puntos de corte de IMC de 25 y 30 kg/m² fueron considerados para determinar el sobrepeso y la obesidad, respectivamente. Fue incluida una pregunta para evaluar la percepción de salud. Análisis de los datos utilizó la estadística descriptiva, prueba de Kruskal-Wallis y Chi-cuadrado. La regresión logística binaria se utilizó para determinar la asociación entre el estado nutricional y la percepción de la salud, controlado por edad, situación económica, estado civil, escolaridad, situación laboral y la actividad física. El nivel de significancia utilizado fue 5 %. Resultados La obesidad se asoció significativamente con la percepción de salud negativa. Las adultas mayores con obesidad fueron dos veces más propensas a tener una percepción negativa de la salud. La condición de sobrepeso no se asoció con una percepción negativa de la salud. Conclusión Los programas dirigidos a la prevención de la obesidad y la promoción de la salud en adultas mayores de bajos recursos pueden orientar sus acciones para una mejor percepción para la salud en este subgrupo.