Subclavian steal syndrome in acute myocardial infarction masquerading as acute embolism to left upper extremity-a case report.

Subclavian steal syndrome is an uncommon entity diagnosed with angiography after neurologic symptoms occur during activity with the upper extremity. Cardiac symptoms or silent ischemia have been described in patients who have undergone cardiac bypass using the ipsilateral internal mammary artery. Our patient presented with acute chest pain radiating to the left upper extremity and a diminished pulse. Angiography to rule out an acute embolus instead revealed subclavian artery occlusion. As atherosclerosis is the most common cause, the ipsilateral subclavian artery should be carefully evaluated, particularly in cardiac patients undergoing coronary angiography. Recognition of coexisting subclavian artery occlusion could prevent cardiac complications that may occur with use of the ipsilateral internal mammary artery during coronary artery bypass surgery.

Postoperative vomiting causing esophageal rupture after antiemetic use. A case report.

BACKGROUND: Antiemetic medications are commonly used in the postoperative patient. Despite the lack of evidence-based data, these medications have also been increasingly used in the management of postoperative ileus. This practice is dangerous and increases the risk for morbidity and mortality. CASE: A 77-year-old woman underwent an uneventful total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy. The patient developed abdominal distention and vomiting, which were managed with antiemetic medication. The patient continued to vomit, developed esophageal rupture (Boerhaave's syndrome) and died of sepsis and multiorgan failure. CONCLUSION: Despite no scientific evidence for it, the practice of using antiemetic medications and prokinetic agents in the management of postoperative ileus continues. This places the patient at increased risk for completely preventable morbidity, including aspiration, pneumonia, esophageal perforation, prolonged hospital stay and death.

Safety of contrast venography prior to caval interruption in patients with renal insufficiency.

We undertook this study to determine whether the use of contrast venography would adversely affect renal function in patients with renal insufficiency requiring caval interruption. We conducted a retrospective review of all inferior vena cava (IVC) filters inserted at our institution over a 2-year period (January 2002 to January 2004). The indication for caval interruption, insertion technique, type of filter used, pre- and postintervention creatinine level, and the presence of diabetes and hypertension were analyzed. A total of 282 IVC filters were inserted, with 38 of them placed in patients with renal insufficiency as defined by a serum creatinine level of > 1.5 mg/dL. Contrast venography with 15 to 30 mL of iohexol (Omnipaque 300) was used in all cases, and no special measures other than proper hydration were used for renal protection. All filters were successfully deployed. The mean +/- SD preintervention creatinine level was 2.38 +/- 0.79 mg/dL. The mean +/- SD postintervention creatinine levels at 2 and 30 days were 2.26 +/- 0.45 mg/dL and 2.12 +/- 0.94 mg/dL, respectively. No patients required hemodialysis following caval interruption, and no adverse effect on renal function was noted. Contrast venography accurately delineates venous anatomy and facilitates proper caval filter placement with no apparent adverse effect on renal function. We believe contrast venography is safe even in the presence of renal insufficiency.