The SASE1 X-ray beam transport system.

SASE1 is the first beamline of the European XFEL that became operational in 2017. It consists of the SASE1 undulator system, the beam transport system, and the two scientific experiment stations: Single Particles, Clusters, and Biomolecules and Serial Femtosecond Crystallography (SPB/SFX), and Femtosecond X-ray Experiments (FXE). The beam transport system comprises mirrors to offset and guide the beam to the instruments and a set of X-ray optical components to align, manipulate and diagnose the beam. The SASE1 beam transport system is described here in its initial configuration, and results and experiences from the first year of user operation are reported.

[The "Alcomat" breath alcohol analyzer in a controlled drinking trial]. / Das Atemalkoholtestgerät "ALCOMAT" im kontrollierten Trinkversuch.

In controlled drinking tests according to a concrete forensic problem the residual-alcohol detector of the breath alcohol analyzer "ALCOMAT" was checked in relation to the actual blood alcohol concentration. The tests with non-alcoholic persons, rinsing the mouth with US-whiskey (40 ml, 30 seconds), showed first residual-alcohol indication and later blood alcohol levels up to 0.26%. The test groups with beforehand blood alcohol concentration showed either with mouth rinsing, or with real whiskey ingestion indicated devitations up to 2.07% according to 130% of the actual BAC. A correlation with the level of BAC was not found. The electronic precautionary fittings of the "ALCOMAT" are even under best possible controlled test conditions not sufficient reliable for forensic purpose.

[Isolated stab wound without preliminary stab wounds--suicide or homicide?]. / Isolierter Herzstich ohne Probierstiche--Suicid oder Tötung?

The diagnosis suicidal or homicidal stab injury of the heart affords a very close cooperation of the police and the forensic pathologist. In the first six months of 1988 the institut of forensic medicine of the MHH was obliged to four cases of isolated stab wound of the heart without other injuries with the question of suicidal action. The differentiation between suicide and homicide in two fatal cases was possible, considering as well autopsy results, as the facts found at the place of death and surrounding investigation results.

[Two conspicuous findings in human tubular bones following longer exposure time]. / Uber zwei auffallende Befunde an menschlichen Röhren-knochen nach längerer Liegezeit.

A human skeleton was found in a forest after an aging time (laydays) of nearly three years. Surprisingly a larger number of living maggots crawled out of the medullary cavity of the humerus after sawing it longitudinally. Investigations of other long bones showed remnants of maggots, fly-pupas and maggot-excrements in similar cases. A humerus is found after an estimated aging time of over 100 years. The presence of a remaining epiphyseal gap indicated an age of about 20 years, whereas the extension of the medullary cavity showed a much higher age. After a long aging time, these structures show similar findings in other cases. Damage done by frost should be discussed.

[Alcohol risk in adolescent drivers--epidemiologic study of the Hannover region]. / Gefahrenmoment Alkohol beim jugendlichen Verkehrsteilnehmer--Epidemiologische Untersuchung im Grossraum Hannover.

The traffic in the large cities requires special effort to young traffic participants and persons with just passed driving-license examination. Statistical investigations show an increasing partake of juveniles to alcohol. The results of the research of the protocols of the blood alcohol analyst's office at the Institute of Forensic Medicine of the MHH show an increasing share of drunken young traffic participants with blood alcohol concentrations below 1%. The special risk of juveniles by drinking and driving results not only of the reduction of the physical capacity because of the low alcohol tolerance, but especially of the reduction of the physical capacity and the personality in total.

[Age determination of living probands--experiences from Hannover studies]. / Altersbestimmung am Lebenden--Erfahrungen aus den Untersuchungen in Hannover.

Since 1982 we examined 26 living human beings in our institute to determine their age. Two third of all cases were children of gipsy-clans being arrested without exception after theft and having no or false identity cards, so that the authorities were not sure about the use of either of juvenile or adult criminal law. Besides other investigations best results were obtained by X-ray examinations of the teeth, the shoulder and the hand and wrist. In consideration of the limitations by the used scientific methods we were able to determine age in all cases.

[Procedures and findings in the study of "body-packing" in Hannover]. / Vorgehensweise und Befunde bei Untersuchungen auf "Body-Packing" in Hannover.

During the last year the number of examinations of living persons ordered by custom officers to find out if they are possibly carrying drugs inside their intestinal tract or vagina in the meaning of "Body-Packing" increased severely. In this paper the value of different diagnostic techniques is demonstrated according to experience we gained at Hannover during the last years. Principal questions of german federal law as basis of these examinations are discussed.