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Indole is often associated with a sweet and floral odor typical of jasmine flowers at low concentrations and an unpleasant, animal-like odor at high concentrations. However, the mechanism whereby the brain processes this opposite valence of indole is not fully understood yet. In this study, we aimed to investigate the neural mechanisms underlying indole valence encoding in conversion and nonconversion groups using the smelling task to arouse pleasantness. For this purpose, 12 conversion individuals and 15 nonconversion individuals participated in an event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging paradigm with low (low-indole) and high (high-indole) indole concentrations in which valence was manipulated independent of intensity. The results of this experiment showed that neural activity in the right amygdala, orbitofrontal cortex and insula was associated with valence independent of intensity. Furthermore, activation in the right orbitofrontal cortex in response to low-indole was positively associated with subjective pleasantness ratings. Conversely, activation in the right insula and amygdala in response to low-indole was positively correlated with anticipatory hedonic traits. Interestingly, while amygdala activation in response to high-indole also showed a positive correlation with these hedonic traits, such correlation was observed solely with right insula activation in response to high-indole. Additionally, activation in the right amygdala in response to low-indole was positively correlated with consummatory pleasure and hedonic traits. Regarding olfactory function, only activation in the right orbitofrontal cortex in response to high-indole was positively correlated with olfactory identification, whereas activation in the insula in response to low-indole was negatively correlated with the level of self-reported olfactory dysfunction. Based on these findings, valence transformation of indole processing in the right orbitofrontal cortex, insula, and amygdala may be associated with individual hedonic traits and perceptual differences.
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Mapeamento Encefálico , Indóis , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Adulto Jovem , Odorantes , Encéfalo/fisiologia , Encéfalo/diagnóstico por imagem , Percepção Olfatória/fisiologia , Emoções/fisiologia , Olfato/fisiologiaRESUMO
Cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2) is a known tumor suppressor in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but its expression is repressed in HCC and the underlying mechanism is unclear. In this study, we investigated the epigenetic mechanisms of CYP1A2 repression and potential therapeutic implications. In HCC tumor tissues, the methylation rates of CYP1A2 CpG island (CGI) and DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) 3A protein levels were significantly higher, and there was a clear negative correlation between DNMT3A and CYP1A2 protein expression. Knockdown of DNMT3A by siRNA significantly increased CYP1A2 expression in HCC cells. Additionally, treating HCC cells with decitabine (DAC) resulted in a dose-dependent upregulation of CYP1A2 expression by reducing the methylation level of CYP1A2 CGI. Furthermore, we observed a decreased enrichment of H3K27Ac in the promoter region of CYP1A2 in HCC tissues. Treatment with the trichostatin A (TSA) restored CYP1A2 expression in HCC cells by increasing H3K27Ac levels in the CYP1A2 promoter region. Importantly, combination treatment of sorafenib with DAC or TSA resulted in a leftward shift of the dose-response curve, lower IC50 values, and reduced colony numbers in HCC cells. Our findings suggest that hypermethylation of the CGI at the promoter, mediated by the high expression of DNMT3A, and hypoacetylation of H3K27 in the CYP1A2 promoter region, leads to CYP1A2 repression in HCC. Epigenetic drugs DAC and TSA increase HCC cell sensitivity to sorafenib by restoring CYP1A2 expression. Our study provides new insights into the epigenetic regulation of CYP1A2 in HCC and highlights the potential of epigenetic drugs as a therapeutic approach for HCC. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: This study marks the first exploration of the epigenetic mechanisms underlying cytochrome P450 (CYP) 1A2 suppression in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Our findings reveal that heightened DNA methyltransferase expression induces hypermethylation of the CpG island at the promoter, coupled with diminished H3K27Ac levels, resulting in the repression of CYP1A2 in HCC. The use of epigenetic drugs such as decitabine and trichostatin A emerges as a novel therapeutic avenue, demonstrating their potential to restore CYP1A2 expression and enhance sorafenib sensitivity in HCC cells.
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Carcinoma Hepatocelular , Citocromo P-450 CYP1A2 , Metilação de DNA , Epigênese Genética , Neoplasias Hepáticas , Sorafenibe , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/tratamento farmacológico , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/genética , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/patologia , Humanos , Sorafenibe/farmacologia , Neoplasias Hepáticas/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Hepáticas/genética , Neoplasias Hepáticas/patologia , Epigênese Genética/efeitos dos fármacos , Epigênese Genética/genética , Metilação de DNA/efeitos dos fármacos , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Citocromo P-450 CYP1A2/genética , Citocromo P-450 CYP1A2/metabolismo , DNA Metiltransferase 3A , Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica/efeitos dos fármacos , DNA (Citosina-5-)-Metiltransferases/genética , DNA (Citosina-5-)-Metiltransferases/metabolismo , Decitabina/farmacologia , Ilhas de CpG/genética , Ácidos Hidroxâmicos/farmacologia , Regiões Promotoras Genéticas/genética , Regiões Promotoras Genéticas/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
The partial oxidation of methane with O2 is significant due to its potential of providing abundant chemical feedstock. Only a few examples realized this type of reaction in homogeneous solvent systems, most of which are in low efficiency. Herein, we present a pyridine N-oxide-promoted cobalt-catalyzed O2-mediated methane oxidation to produce methylene bis(trifluoroacetate) with productivity over 500 molester molmetal-1 h-1.
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An electrochemical glucose sensor based on flexible materials is significant for wearable devices used for real-time health monitoring and diagnosis. However, applying flexible electrodes involves complex fabrication processes and might reduce detection sensitivity. To overcome these obstacles, we herein report a novel strategy for preparing a highly flexible enzyme electrode based on an electrospun poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) mat decorated with in situ grown silver nanoparticles (nano-Ag) for electrochemical glucose sensing. Ferrocene (Fc) was selected as an electron acceptor for glucose oxidase (GOD) in order to minimize the influence of oxygen. Electron transfer between GOD and Fc was facilitated by confining them within a mixed self-assembled monolayer (SAM) formed on a thin layer of gold deposited on top of the PVA/nano-Ag film. Nano-Ag was found to significantly increase the surface area of the electrode and improve the stability of electrode conductivity during tensile deformation. Electrochemical glucose detection was performed by chronoamperometry in the electroactivity domain of ferrocene, and good linearity (R2 = 0.993) was obtained in the range of 0.2-7 mM with a detection limit of 0.038 mM and a relative standard deviation (RSD) of 1.45% (n = 6). After being stuck to a bendable PDMS slice and bent, respectively, at 30° and 60° 50 times, the electrode showed slight changes in detection results (<4.78%), which remained within 8% when the bending angle increased to 90°. With its high flexibility, good detection performance, and convenient fabrication process, the proposed enzyme electrode showed good potential as a flexible platform for wearable glucose sensing systems.
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Técnicas Biossensoriais , Nanopartículas Metálicas , Glucose/química , Glucose Oxidase/química , Prata , Nanopartículas Metálicas/química , Metalocenos , Eletrodos , Técnicas Biossensoriais/métodos , Técnicas Eletroquímicas/métodosRESUMO
4-(Methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) is known to be a tobacco-specific N-nitrosamine and has peripheral carcinogenic properties. It can also induce oxidative stress, glial cell activation, and neuronal damage in the brain. However, the distribution and metabolic characteristics of NNK in the central nervous system are still unclear. Here, a sensitive and effective UHPLC-HRMS/MS method was established to identify and investigate the metabolites of NNK and their distribution in the rat brain. In addition, the pharmacokinetic profiles were simultaneously investigated via blood-brain synchronous microdialysis. NNK and its seven metabolites were well quantified in the hippocampus, cortex, striatum, olfactory bulb, brain stem, cerebellum, and other regions of rat brain after peripheral exposure (5 mg/kg, i.p.). The average content of 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL) in all brain regions was at least threefold higher than that of NNK, indicating a rapid carbonyl reduction of NNK in the brain. Lower concentrations of pyridine N-oxidation products in the cortex, olfactory bulb, hippocampus, and striatum might be related to the poor detoxification ability in these regions. Compared to α-methyl hydroxylation, NNK and NNAL were more inclined to the α-methylene hydroxylation pathway. Synchronous pharmacokinetic results indicated that the metabolic activity of NNK in the brain was different from that in the blood. The mean α-hydroxylation ratio in the brain and blood was 0.037 and 0.161, respectively, which indicated poor metabolic activity of NNK in the central nervous system.
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Nitrosaminas , Ratos , Animais , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão , Nitrosaminas/metabolismo , Carcinógenos , Encéfalo/metabolismoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is an aggressive malignancy with high morbidity and mortality. Conversion therapy can improve surgical resection rate and prolong survival time for patients with advanced HCC. We show that combination therapy with lenvatinib and camrelizumab is a novel approach to downstage unresectable HCC. CASE PRESENTATION: A 49-year-old man was diagnosed with massive HCC with hilar lymph node and lung metastases. Since radical resection was not feasible, lenvatinib and camrelizumab were administered as first-line therapy. After 10 cycles of camrelizumab and continuous oral administration of lenvatinib, the tumor exhibited striking shrinkage in volume indicating a partial radiological response, accompanied by a reduction in the alpha-fetoprotein levels, followed by salvage resection. Intriguingly, an improvement in predictive biomarkers, like lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), was observed. Notably, the pathological examination found high levels of necrosis in the resected tumor, and flow cytometry analysis indicated a significant increase in the ratio of CD5+ and CD5- B lymphocytes in the peripheral blood. After the treatment, the overall survival period was over 24 months, and no recurrence was observed 17-month post-surgery. CONCLUSIONS: A combination of lenvatinib and camrelizumab may be a new conversion therapy for initially unresectable HCC to resectable HCC, thus contributing to improve the disease prognosis. In addition, the combination regimen could cause an activated immune response, and LDH, NLR, and CD5+ B-cell levels might be predictors for immunotherapy efficacy.
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Carcinoma Hepatocelular , Neoplasias Hepáticas , Masculino , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/tratamento farmacológico , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/cirurgia , Neoplasias Hepáticas/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Hepáticas/cirurgia , Anticorpos Monoclonais Humanizados/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
Surface browning plays a major role in the quality loss of fresh-cut potatoes. Untargeted metabolomics were used to understand the metabolic changes of fresh-cut potato during the browning process. Their metabolites were profiled by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with high resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-HRMS). Data processing and metabolite annotation were completed by Compound Discoverer 3.3 software. Statistical analysis was applied to screen the key metabolites correlating with browning process. Fifteen key metabolites responsible for the browning process were putatively identified. Moreover, after analysis of the metabolic causes of glutamic acid, linolenic acid, glutathione, adenine, 12-OPDA and AMP, we found that the browning process of fresh-cut potatoes was related to the structural dissociation of the membrane, oxidation and reduction reaction and energy shortage. This work provides a reference for further investigation into the mechanism of browning in fresh-cut products.
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Solanum tuberosum , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão , Solanum tuberosum/química , Metabolômica/métodos , Espectrometria de Massas/métodos , OxirreduçãoRESUMO
PURPOSE: Immunoglobulin A (IgA) nephropathy (IgAN) is a common chronic glomerulonephritis and the main cause of end-stage renal diseases. Recent evidence suggests that mannan binding lectin associated serine proteases 2 (MASP2) is related to IgAN; therefore, we investigated the expression and significance of MASP2 in serum and urinary extracellular vesicles (UEVs) in patients with IgAN. METHODS: Thirty-eight patients with IgAN and 17 healthy controls were enrolled in this study. UEVs were extracted by ultracentrifugation. The separation by ultra-high-speed centrifuge was verified by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA). Candidate internal references (TSG101, CD9, flotillin, ß-actin and GAPDH) were identified by western blotting in the control group, and the expression of MASP2 in the UEVs was compared. The levels of MASP2 in the serum and UEVs in the IgAN and control groups were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS: TEM and NTA results demonstrated that UEVs were successfully extracted. Western blotting results confirmed that TSG101 was suitable as an internal reference for this study. Compared with the control group, the IgAN group showed positive expression of MASP2. MASP2 levels in the UEVs, determined by ELISA, showed significant differences between IgAN and control groups, which were significantly positively correlated with the level of urinary microalbumin. CONCLUSIONS: The level of MASP2 in UEVs was related to IgAN and shows promise as a biomarker for evaluating the severity of renal injury and prognosis of IgAN, thereby helping to elucidate the role of MASP2 in the mannan-binding lectin pathway.
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Vesículas Extracelulares , Glomerulonefrite por IGA , Lectina de Ligação a Manose , Actinas , Biomarcadores , Vesículas Extracelulares/metabolismo , Glomerulonefrite por IGA/metabolismo , Humanos , Imunoglobulina A/metabolismo , Serina Proteases Associadas a Proteína de Ligação a Manose , Serina ProteasesRESUMO
The aims of this study are to estimate the contributions of genetic factors to the variation of tea drinking and cigarette smoking, to examine the roles of genetic factors in their correlation and further to investigate underlying causation between them. We included 11 625 male twin pairs from the Chinese National Twin Registry (CNTR). Bivariate genetic modelling was fitted to explore the genetic influences on tea drinking, cigarette smoking and their correlation. Inference about Causation through Examination of FAmiliaL CONfounding (ICE FALCON) was further used to explore the causal relationship between them. We found that genetic factors explained 17% and 23% of the variation in tea drinking and cigarette smoking, respectively. A low phenotypic association between them was reported (rph = 0.21, 95% confidence interval [CI]: [0.19, 0.24]), which was partly attributed to common genetic factors (rA = 0.45, 95% CI [0.19, 1.00]). In the ICE FALCON analysis with current smoking as the exposure, tea drinking was associated with his own (ßself = 0.39, 95% CI [0.23, 0.55]) and his co-twin's smoking status (ßco-twin = 0.25, 95% CI [0.10, 0.41]). Their association attenuated with borderline significance conditioning on his own smoking status (p = 0.045), indicating a suggestive causal effect of smoking status on tea drinking. On the contrary, when we used tea drinking as the predictor, we found familial confounding between them only. In conclusion, both tea drinking and cigarette smoking were influenced by genetic factors, and their correlation was partly explained by common genetic factors. In addition, our finding suggests that familial confounders account for the relationship between tea drinking and cigarette smoking. And current smoking might have a causal effect on weekly tea drinking, but not vice versa.
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Fumar Cigarros , Fumar , Adulto , Consumo de Bebidas Alcoólicas/genética , China , Fumar Cigarros/epidemiologia , Fumar Cigarros/genética , Humanos , Masculino , Fatores de Risco , Fumar/genética , Chá , Gêmeos/genéticaRESUMO
As a privileged chiral scaffold, cinchona alkaloid and its derivatives have reached remarkable success in catalytic asymmetric organic synthesis. In addition to the wide applications of point chirality control, Smith and co-workers recently discovered a quinidine-derived ammonium cation-catalyzed O-alkylation of tetralones, providing an effective approach for the synthesis of axially chiral biaryls. Using density functional theory (DFT) calculations, we studied the reaction mechanism and origins of enantioselectivity of this novel transformation. A stepwise strategy is adopted to ensure efficient and thorough exploration of the massive conformational space of transition state. Our computations suggested that enolate oxygen forms two hydrogen bonds with the chiral ammonium catalyst, and the non-covalent interactions between the cationic benzylic fragment and the methoxy group of enolate plays a critical role in determining the enantioselectivity.
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PURPOSE: To investigate the effect of 4-phenylbutyric acid (4-PBA) on intermittent hypoxia (IH)-induced liver cell injury and to clarify the underlying mechanisms. METHODS: L02 cells (normal human liver cells) were cultured in normoxic condition or subjected to intermittent hypoxia for 4, 8, and 12 h. A part of hypoxia-treated L02 cells was applied with 4-PBA 1 h before exposure to hypoxia. The effect of 4-PBA on liver injury, hepatocyte apoptosis, endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS), and PERK-eIFa2-ATF4-CHOP apoptotic pathway was investigated. RESULTS: (1) IH caused apoptosis in hepatocyte; (2) IH caused ERS in hepatocyte; (3) IH caused hepatic injury; (4) 4-PBA attenuated IH-induced liver cell injury; (5) 4-PBA protected liver cell from IH-induced apoptosis; (6) 4-PBA suppressed ERS-related apoptotic pathway (PERK-eIFa2-ATF4-CHOP), but did not suppress IH-induced unfold protein reaction (UPR). CONCLUSIONS: 4-PBA could protect liver cells by suppressing IH-induced apoptosis mediated by ERS, but not by reducing the UPR.
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Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Retículo Endoplasmático/efeitos dos fármacos , Retículo Endoplasmático/fisiologia , Hepatócitos/efeitos dos fármacos , Hepatócitos/fisiologia , Hipóxia/complicações , Hipóxia/fisiopatologia , Fenilbutiratos/farmacologia , Sobrevivência Celular/fisiologia , Células Cultivadas , Humanos , Resposta a Proteínas não Dobradas/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
Measurement system of exoskeleton robots can reflect the state of the patient. In this study, we combined an inertial measurement unit and a visual measurement unit to obtain a repeatable fusion measurement system to compensate for the deficiencies of the single data acquisition mode used by exoskeletons. Inertial measurement unit is comprised four distributed angle sensors. Triaxial acceleration and angular velocity information were transmitted to an upper computer by Bluetooth. The data sent to the control center were processed by a Kalman filter to eliminate any noise. Visual measurement unit uses camera to acquire real time images and related data information. The two data acquisition methods were fused and have its weight. Comparisons of the fusion results with individual measurement results demonstrated that the data fusion method could effectively improve the accuracy of system. It provides a set of accurate real-time measurements for patients in rehabilitation exoskeleton and data support for effective control of exoskeleton robot.
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Algoritmos , Exoesqueleto Energizado , Monitorização Ambulatorial/métodos , Reabilitação , Aceleração , Humanos , Robótica , Caminhada/fisiologiaRESUMO
We present and analyze a new measurement method of freeform surfaces with a deformable mirror (DM), which functions as a wavefront compensator. We discuss the maximum slope compensation of a DM in the first-order approximation and derive how to calculate the ideal DM form. A constrained optimization procedure is conducted to ensure the actual DM form fits the ideal DM form as closely as possible. To demonstrate the feasibility and understand the measurable range of our method, we evaluate freeform surfaces with a single Zernike term, the first 36 random Zernike terms, and 230 random Zernike terms. A tolerance analysis of the DM position is carried out to show the effect of the tilt and the decenter of the DM on the measurement accuracy. Our studies show that the proposed system is very flexible for freeform surface metrology.
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OBJECTIVE: To investigate the differences between clinicopathological features and prognosis of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) negative (AFP < 20 ng/ml) and positive (AFP ≥ 20 ng/ml) hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients. METHODS: Clinicopathological data of 142 AFP-negative and 109 AFP-positive HCC patients who underwent RO radical hepatectomy in the Cancer Hospital of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences between January 2006 and December 2011 were retrospectively reviewed and analyzed in this study. RESULTS: Compared with the AFP-negative patients, a higher female to male sex ratio, the later Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer ( BCLC) stage, more liver capsule invasion and poorer Edmondson-Steiner grade were in the AFP-positive cases (P < 0.05 for all). Furthermore, the 1-, 3-, and 5- year overall survival rates were 94.4%, 82.4% and 61.0% in the AFP-negative group and 87.2%, 61.1% and 40.2%, respectively, in the AFP-positive group (P < 0.001). The multivariate analysis with Cox's proportional hazards model showed that AFP status, tumor size and Edmondson-Steiner grade are independent risk factors for survival of all the patients (P < 0.05) , and large tumor and Edmondson-Steiner grades III/IV are independent risk factors for worse survival in AFP-negative patients (P < 0.05). However, large tumor diameter was proved to be an independent risk factor leading to poor prognosis of AFP-positive cases (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: High levels of AFP indicate that the tumors are more malignant and with unfavorable prognosis.
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Carcinoma Hepatocelular , Hepatectomia , Neoplasias Hepáticas , alfa-Fetoproteínas/análise , Povo Asiático , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/química , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/mortalidade , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/patologia , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/cirurgia , Feminino , Humanos , Neoplasias Hepáticas/química , Neoplasias Hepáticas/mortalidade , Neoplasias Hepáticas/patologia , Neoplasias Hepáticas/cirurgia , Masculino , Análise Multivariada , Prognóstico , Modelos de Riscos Proporcionais , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Taxa de SobrevidaRESUMO
To explore novel antifatigue agents targeting with AMPA receptor, 10 compounds were synthesized and their structures were confirmed by 1H NMR, ESI-MS and elemental analysis. 1-BCP was treated as the leading compound. The antifatigue activities were evaluated by weight-loaded forced swimming test, and the AMPA receptor binding affinities were tested with radioligand receptor binding assays. The results unveiled that 5b appeared to possess potent antifatigue activities and high affinity with AMPA receptor, which deserved further studies.
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Benzamidas/farmacologia , Fadiga/prevenção & controle , Animais , Benzamidas/química , Dioxóis/química , Dioxóis/farmacologia , Piperidinas/química , Piperidinas/farmacologia , Ensaio Radioligante , Receptores de AMPA/metabolismo , NataçãoRESUMO
A novel copper(I)-catalyzed three-component reaction for the efficient synthesis of 3-amino-2-pyrones and 2,5-dihydrofurans from propargyl alcohols, aldehydes, and amines has been developed. The starting materials are easily available and the scope of this method is broad. Through mechanistic studies, it is believed that the three-component reaction consists of an A(3) -coupling to propargylic amine, alkyne-allene isomerization, and intramolecular cyclization of the allenol to form a furan. In case of using ethyl glyoxalate as the aldehyde, a ring-opening, lactonization, and isomerization process affords the 3-amino-2-pyrones.
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Tetrahydroisoquinoline alkaloids with a C1 stereogenic center are a common unit in many natural and non-natural compounds of biological importance. Herein we describe a novel Cu(I) -catalyzed highly chemo- and enantioselective synthesis of chiral tetrahydroisoquinoline-alkaloid derivatives from readily available unsubstituted tetrahydroisoquinolines, aldehydes, and terminal alkynes in the presence of the ligand (R,R)-N-pinap. This synthetic operation installs two substituents in the 1- and 2-positions.
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Aldeídos/química , Alcinos/síntese química , Cobre/química , Isoquinolinas/síntese química , Catálise , Isoquinolinas/química , Estrutura Molecular , EstereoisomerismoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The current study aims to explore the relationship between tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) polymorphism and the risk of primary nephrotic syndrome (PNS). METHODS: A total of 250 PNS patients were selected for this study, as well as 300 volunteers serving as the control group. TNF-α polymorphism were assessed using the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method. In addition, a meta-analysis was conducted to analyze previously published literature on this topic. RESULTS: No significant differences were observed in the genotypes frequency or alleles frequency among the study populations. Meta-analysis results revealed a positive association between TNF-α rs1800629 polymorphism and allele contrast in African populations (p = 0), homozygote comparison (p = .007), heterozygote comparison (p = .026), recessive genetic model (p = .011), and dominant genetic model (p = .000). CONCLUSIONS: TNF-α rs1800629 polymorphism does not appear to confer any increased risk for PNS.
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Predisposição Genética para Doença , Síndrome Nefrótica , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa , Síndrome Nefrótica/genética , Humanos , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/genética , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Masculino , Feminino , Frequência do Gene , Adulto , Genótipo , Alelos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
In the pigeon industry, treating and preventing diarrhea is vital because it is a serious health problem for pigeons. This study investigated the incidence of diarrhea in 3 pigeon farms in Shanghai, and analyzed the microflora through 16S rDNA high-throughput sequencing. Four strains of Escherichia coli (E. coli) isolated from pigeon diarrhea feces were administered via gavage to healthy pigeons, with each pigeon receiving 2 × 108 CFU. Pigeons that developed diarrhea after E. coli challenge were treated with 3 g of Lactobacillus salivarius SNK-6 (L. salivarius SNK-6) health sand (1.6 × 107 CFU/g). Then, a mass feeding experiment expanded to 688 pairs of pigeons with 3 replicates, each receiving 3 g of health sand containing L. salivarius SNK-6 (1.6 × 107 CFU/g) every 2 wk, and fecal status monitored and recorded. The study found that the relative abundance of the Lactobacillus genus and L. salivarius in feces from pigeons with diarrhea was significantly lower than in normal pigeon feces (P < 0.05). In contrast, E. coli showed a higher abundance and diversity in feces from pigeons with diarrhea than in normal feces (P < 0.05). Three out of the 4 isolated E. coli strains caused pigeon diarrhea, resulting in a significant reduction in microbial diversity in fecal samples (P < 0.05). Both the small group attack experiment and the mass-fed additive experiment in pigeon farms demonstrated that feeding L. salivarius SNK-6 effectively cured and prevented diarrhea. Pigeons fed with L. salivarius SNK-6 exhibited no diarrhea, while the control group had a 10% diarrhea rate. In summary, a deficiency of Lactobacillus or a high abundance of E. coli in the intestine could easily cause pigeon diarrhea. Feeding L. salivarius SNK-6 could treat pigeon diarrhea, and continuous supplementation could maintain stable preventive effects.
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Lactobacillus , Ligilactobacillus salivarius , Animais , Lactobacillus/genética , Columbidae , Escherichia coli , Areia , China , Galinhas , Diarreia/prevenção & controle , Diarreia/veterinária , FezesRESUMO
Photonic crystals (PCs), periodically arranged nanoparticles, have emerged with extraordinary optical properties for light manipulation owing to their photonic band gaps (PBGs). Here, a novel strategy and method was developed for efficient enrichment and sensitive detection of cationic organic pollutants in water. Size-controlled Fe3O4@poly (4-styrenesulfonic acid-co-maleic acid) (Fe3O4@PSSMA) was prepared, and high surface charge were formed with the coating of PSSMA layer on the surface of Fe3O4, which could be used for adsorption and removal of cationic organic pollutants. The Fe3O4@PSSMA after adsorbing cationic organic pollutant were assembled to magnetic photonic crystal microdroplet (MPCM) structure in an external magnetic field, which was used as surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrate. By coupling the magnetically tuned PBGs with Raman laser wavelength, the light utilization efficiency can be improved and the coupled resonance effect was greatly enhanced. The enhancement factor (EF) of MB was more than 800 attributing to the dual function of enrichment and coupled resonance effect of MPCM. The developed analytical strategy is the first time to use MPCM as a SERS substrate to realize the sensitive detection of 10 nmol L-1 MB in real water, which greatly improves the application of MPCM in the field of contaminant analysis and detection in water.