RESUMO
In January to March 1981, 37 slaughter cattle from a single Ohio feeding operation were determined, at postmortem inspection, to be infected with Taenia saginata cysticerci. A subsequent outbreak on this same farm in March 1983 involved 7 slaughter cattle. An epidemiologic investigation was conducted of possible sources of the T saginata ova; these included leakage of raw sewage onto the pasture after a flood in 1980, municipal sewage sludge application on the farm, defecation in feed or water by farm workers, and other off-farm sources. Temporal and spatial observations implicated raw sewage contamination of pastures as the most likely source of infection in the 1981 outbreak. The outbreak in 1983 was more likely associated with sludge application. The possibility of an infected worker exposing the cattle to infected feces was not excluded definitely as a possible source.
Assuntos
Doenças dos Bovinos/epidemiologia , Cisticercose/veterinária , Surtos de Doenças/veterinária , Animais , Bovinos , Doenças dos Bovinos/etiologia , Cisticercose/epidemiologia , Cisticercose/etiologia , Feminino , Masculino , Ohio , Estações do Ano , Esgotos , TaeniaRESUMO
Tumor markers are measures of biological features of a cancer. By revealing important biological aspects of the tumor, tumor markers can be useful in staging patients, predicting cancer outcomes, and guiding treatments. The psychological consequences of using tumor markers are virtually unknown. In this review article, we draw on clinical studies involving the psychological impact of risk information, screening, prognostic information and surveillance of cancer. Such studies may be helpful in considering possible psychological reactions to tumor marker information in clinical practice.
Assuntos
Biomarcadores Tumorais , Monitoramento de Medicamentos/métodos , Monitoramento de Medicamentos/psicologia , Programas de Rastreamento/métodos , Programas de Rastreamento/psicologia , Oncologia/métodos , Estadiamento de Neoplasias/métodos , Estadiamento de Neoplasias/psicologia , Neoplasias , Seleção de Pacientes , Atitude Frente a Saúde , Medo , Humanos , Programas de Rastreamento/normas , Oncologia/educação , Neoplasias/diagnóstico , Neoplasias/psicologia , Neoplasias/terapia , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Prognóstico , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Fatores de Risco , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
The belief that cancer might be related to temperament or distress has been emphasized throughout the history of medicine. The field of psychoneuroimmunology has its origins in psychosomatic medicine, and has evolved to the investigations of complex interactions between the psyche and the nervous, immune, and endocrine systems. Such interactions may have implications in both cancer risk and survival.