RESUMO
In a randomised clinical trial in 50 patients with symptomatic osteoarthritis of the medial compartment of the knee, the clinical results of high tibial osteotomy (HTO) according to the open wedge osteotomy (OWO) and closed wedge osteotomy (CWO) were compared. In both groups locked plate fixation was used. Clinical and radiological assessments were performed preoperatively and after one year. Postoperative hip-knee-ankle (HKA) correction angles were monitored on standing leg X-rays. The effect of HTO on collateral laxity of the knee was measured with a specially designed varus-valgus device. The WOMAC osteoarthritis index, the modified knee society score (KS) and visual analogue scales (VAS) were used to assess symptoms of osteoarthritis, function, pain and patient satisfaction. At one-year follow-up we found accurate corrections in both groups and the planned correction angles were achieved. No loss of correction was observed. Furthermore, the medial collateral laxity and the patellar height significantly decreased after OWO. Significant improvements of WOMAC and KS scores were found in both groups. All patients had significantly less pain and were very satisfied with the results. Surgery time was significantly longer in the CWO group, and complications were more frequent in this group. Both techniques led to good and comparable clinical results. The choice of whether to perform an open or a closed wedge osteotomy may be based on preoperative patellar height or concomitant collateral laxity.
Assuntos
Artroplastia/métodos , Deformidades Articulares Adquiridas/cirurgia , Articulação do Joelho/cirurgia , Osteoartrite do Joelho/cirurgia , Osteotomia/métodos , Tíbia/cirurgia , Artroplastia/efeitos adversos , Artroplastia/instrumentação , Feminino , Humanos , Deformidades Articulares Adquiridas/etiologia , Deformidades Articulares Adquiridas/fisiopatologia , Instabilidade Articular/etiologia , Instabilidade Articular/fisiopatologia , Articulação do Joelho/patologia , Articulação do Joelho/fisiopatologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Osteoartrite do Joelho/complicações , Osteoartrite do Joelho/fisiopatologia , Osteotomia/efeitos adversos , Osteotomia/instrumentação , Dor/etiologia , Dor/fisiopatologia , Dor/cirurgia , Patela/diagnóstico por imagem , Patela/patologia , Complicações Pós-Operatórias , Radiografia , Recuperação de Função Fisiológica , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Índice de Gravidade de DoençaRESUMO
A new valgus brace was evaluated in 15 patients with medial osteoarthritis of the knee and a varus leg axis. Significant improvement of pain and function were found after 6 weeks of brace treatment. Gait analysis showed that the brace had a tendency of lowering the peak varus moment about the knee. This effect was more profound in the presence of higher initial varus deformity angle of the knee. Furthermore, bracing led to a small decrease of knee extension at the end of the swing phase and an increase of walking velocity. The mechanisms identified by gait analysis in this study may be of clinical importance for future developments in brace treatment.
Assuntos
Braquetes , Marcha/fisiologia , Osteoartrite do Joelho/fisiopatologia , Osteoartrite do Joelho/terapia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Caminhada/fisiologiaRESUMO
A histological study was performed of bone biopsies from 16 patients (17 biopsies) treated with open wedge high tibial osteotomies for medial knee osteoarthritis. The open wedge osteotomies were filled with a wedge of osteoconductive beta tricalcium phosphate (beta-TCP) ceramic bone replacement. At the time of removal of the fixation material, core biopsies of the area where the beta-TCP was located were taken at different follow-up periods (6-25 months). beta-TCP resorption, bone ingrowth and bone remodelling were studied. We hypothesized that the incorporation and remodelling process occurs similarly as in animals. Histology showed a good resorption of the beta-TCP with complete incorporation and remodelling into new bone. The different phases as described in animal studies were found. A correlation was found between histological findings and radiological assessment. In conclusion, beta-TCP appeared to be a bone replacement material with optimal biocompatibility, resorption characteristics and bone conduction properties for the clinical use.
Assuntos
Materiais Biocompatíveis/química , Substitutos Ósseos/química , Osso e Ossos/metabolismo , Fosfatos de Cálcio/química , Osteotomia/métodos , Tíbia/patologia , Adulto , Regeneração Óssea , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Osseointegração , Osteoartrite do Joelho/metabolismo , Osteoclastos/citologia , Osteogênese , Propriedades de Superfície , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
We analyzed the difference in angle-correction accuracy and initial stability between open-wedge (OWO) and closed-wedge tibial valgus osteotomy (CWO). Five fresh-frozen pairs of human cadaver lower limbs were used; their bone mineral density (BMD) was measured with DEXA and a planned 7 degrees valgus osteotomy was performed, either with an open (right knees) or closed (left knees) technique. All knees for osteotomy were fixed with a rigid locked plate. In OWO, tricalcium phosphate (TCP) wedges were inserted. The knees were subjected to an increasing cyclic axial load until failure, while measuring the relative displacement of the bony segments with roentgen stereophotogrammetric analysis. The mean postoperative valgus correction angle was 9.5 degrees +/-2.8 degrees for CWO (over-correction of 2.5 degrees ) and 6.2 degrees +/-2.0 degrees for OWO (under-correction of 0.8 degrees ) (P =0.08). The data of displacement under load bearing showed no significant differences in rotations and translations in any direction. No significant correlation between BMD and the moment of failure was found (P =0.27). This study has shown that both methods gave an acceptable correction with a high variation of postoperative correction angles. There was a tendency for over-correction in the CWO group but no significant difference was found. There was no difference in initial stability between CWO and OWO with a rigid locked-plate fixation.