Covert eye-tracking: an innovative method to investigate compliance with instructions.

The present study introduces a covert eye-tracking procedure as an innovative approach to investigate the adequacy of research paradigms used in psychology. In light of the ongoing debate regarding ego depletion, the frequently used "attention-control video task" was chosen to illustrate the method. Most participants did not guess that their eyes had been monitored, but some participants had to be excluded due to poor tracking ratio. The eye-tracking data revealed that the attention-control instructions had a significant impact on the number of fixations, revisits, fixation durations, and proportion of long fixation durations on the AOIs (all BF10 > 18.2). However, number of fixations and proportions of long fixation durations did not mediate cognitive performance. The results illustrate the promise of covert eye-tracking methodology to assess task compliance, as well as adding to the current discussion regarding whether the difficulties of replicating "ego depletion" may be in part due to poor task compliance in the video task.

The Psychological Science Accelerator's COVID-19 rapid-response dataset.

In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the Psychological Science Accelerator coordinated three large-scale psychological studies to examine the effects of loss-gain framing, cognitive reappraisals, and autonomy framing manipulations on behavioral intentions and affective measures. The data collected (April to October 2020) included specific measures for each experimental study, a general questionnaire examining health prevention behaviors and COVID-19 experience, geographical and cultural context characterization, and demographic information for each participant. Each participant started the study with the same general questions and then was randomized to complete either one longer experiment or two shorter experiments. Data were provided by 73,223 participants with varying completion rates. Participants completed the survey from 111 geopolitical regions in 44 unique languages/dialects. The anonymized dataset described here is provided in both raw and processed formats to facilitate re-use and further analyses. The dataset offers secondary analytic opportunities to explore coping, framing, and self-determination across a diverse, global sample obtained at the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, which can be merged with other time-sampled or geographic data.

Development and validation of the treatmentself-regulation questionnaire assessing healthcare professionals' motivation for flu vaccination (TSRQ-Flu).

OBJECTIVE: We use self-determination theory to extend the conceptual understanding of flu vaccine hesitancy among health professionals. The scale sheds light on the role played by motivational factors above and beyond traditional cognitive factors such as biased risk judgements and health beliefs. DESIGN: Across five phases using data from 718 healthcare professionals we establish factor structure, reliability, discriminant, convergent, criterion-related, incremental validity, and measurement invariance of the Treatment Self-Regulation Questionnaire assessing healthcare professionals' motivation for flu vaccination scale (TSRQ-Flu). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: In addition to the four factors of the TSRQ-Flu (autonomous, introjection, external and amotivation regulations), we assess intentions to vaccinate, past vaccination behaviour and validate the scale using measures of cognitive empowerment, vaccine attitudes and social desirability. RESULTS: Our findings indicate that the newly developed 11-item scale is distinct from and contributes over and beyond other psychosocial measures of flu vaccination intentions and can be used to understand the motivation of both vaccinated and not-vaccinated healthcare professionals. CONCLUSION: This new scale has the potential to make a marked change in the conceptualisation of the roots of vaccine hesitancy among healthcare professionals and aid healthcare managers in developing evidence-based interventions to promote vaccination among their staff.

The moderating effect of autonomy on promotional health messages encouraging healthcare professionals' to get the influenza vaccine.

Rates of flu vaccination among healthcare professionals often remain lower than recommended guidelines. We tested whether autonomy-supportive communication styles could improve the effectiveness of statements seeking to promote professionals' flu vaccination uptake. A pilot study established that statements presented in an autonomy-supportive communication style (i.e., upholding freedom of choice) posed a significantly lower threat to freedom compared to equivalent statements presented in a controlling communication style (i.e., thwarting choice by implying obligation). The main experiment examined the impact of these two communication styles on healthcare professionals' behavioral intentions to vaccinate against the flu. Results replicated the dampening effect of autonomy-supportive communication style on perceived threat to freedom. Crucially, only autonomy-supportive communication styles led to a significant increase of behavioral intentions to vaccinate. Furthermore, this effect was moderated by motivational regulations (measured by the Treatment Self-Regulation Questionnaire for Flu; TSRQ-flu scale): it was strongest for those who tended to see flu vaccination as unimportant and unconnected with their internal values (low autonomous regulation), those who tended not to see vaccination as an act that would give them pride or reduce guilt (low introjection) or who tended to be unwilling to act to get vaccinated (high amotivation). Implications for future policy or institution-led communication campaigns are discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).