Exosome-Mediated Communication in Thyroid Cancer: Implications for Prognosis and Therapeutic Targets.

Thyroid cancer (THCA) is one of the most common malignancies of the endocrine system. Exosomes have significant value in performing molecular treatments, evaluating the diagnosis and determining tumor prognosis. Thus, the identification of exosome-related genes could be valuable for the diagnosis and potential treatment of THCA. In this study, we examined a set of exosome-related differentially expressed genes (DEGs) (BIRC5, POSTN, TGFBR1, DUSP1, BID, and FGFR2) by taking the intersection between the DEGs of the TCGA-THCA and GeneCards datasets. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses of the exosome-related DEGs indicated that these genes were involved in certain biological functions and pathways. Protein‒protein interaction (PPI), mRNA‒miRNA, and mRNA-TF interaction networks were constructed using the 6 exosome-related DEGs as hub genes. Furthermore, we analyzed the correlation between the 6 exosome-related DEGs and immune infiltration. The Genomics of Drug Sensitivity in Cancer (GDSC), the Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia (CCLE), and the CellMiner database were used to elucidate the relationship between the exosome-related DEGs and drug sensitivity. In addition, we verified that both POSTN and BID were upregulated in papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) patients and that their expression was correlated with cancer progression. The POSTN and BID protein expression levels were further examined in THCA cell lines. These findings provide insights into exosome-related clinical trials and drug development.

Advanced Cooling Textiles: Mechanisms, Applications, and Perspectives.

High-temperature environments pose significant risks to human health and safety. The body's natural ability to regulate temperature becomes overwhelmed under extreme heat, leading to heat stroke, dehydration, and even death. Therefore, the development of effective personal thermal-moisture management systems is crucial for maintaining human well-being. In recent years, significant advancements have been witnessed in the field of textile-based cooling systems, which utilize innovative materials and strategies to achieve effective cooling under different environments. This review aims to provide an overview of the current progress in textile-based personal cooling systems, mainly focusing on the classification, mechanisms, and fabrication techniques. Furthermore, the challenges and potential application scenarios are highlighted, providing valuable insights for further advancements and the eventual industrialization of personal cooling textiles.

Notch-1 regulates collective breast cancer cell migration by controlling intercellular junction and cytoskeletal organization.

Pathological observations show that cancer cells frequently invade the surrounding normal tissue in collective rather than individual cell migration. However, general principles governing collective cell migration remain to be discovered. Different from individual cell migration, we demonstrated that the Notch-1-activation reduced collective cells speed and distances. In particular, Notch-1-activation induced cellular cytoskeletal remodelling, strengthened the intercellular junctions and cell-matrix adhesions. Mechanistically, Notch-1 activation prevented the phosphorylation of GSK-3ß and the translocation of cytoplasmic free ß-catenin to the nucleus, which increased E-cadherin expression and tight intercellular junctions. Moreover, Notch-1 signalling also activated the RhoA/ROCK pathway, promoting reorganization of F-actin and contractile forces produced by myosin. Further, Notch-1 activation increased cell adhesion to the extracellular substrate, which inhibited collective cell migration. These findings highlight that cell adhesions and cell-cell junctions contribute to collective cell migration and provide new insights into mechanisms of the modulation of Notch-1 signalling pathway on cancer cell malignancy.

Labor Induction After Severe Preeclampsia With Maternal Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome Complications Leading to Intrauterine Fetal Death: A Case Report.

Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is a clinical imaging syndrome characterized by vasogenic edema in the posterior cerebral circulation, with severe preeclampsia (PE) and eclampsia as major etiologies. Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome lesions are often reversible, but they can be potentially fatal in obstetric crises, causing serious complications such as cerebral hemorrhage, confusion, headache, visual symptoms, and stroke if not treated immediately. Neurological sequelae and even death may occur in a minority of these cases. In this paper, we report the case of a 26-year-old primigravida at 25 weeks of gestation who was irregular with obstetric visits. The patient presented with edema, nausea and vomiting, dizziness, blurry vision, falling down, and a maximum blood pressure of 190/85 mmHg. A brain MRI revealed PRES. Approximately 10 hours after admission, intrauterine fetal death occurred. After treatment, the patient was in stable condition and successfully induced for delivery.

Treatment to surfactant containing wastewater with membrane distillation membrane with novel sandwich structure.

Surfactant containing wastewater widely exists in textile industry, which hardly to be treated by membrane technology due to its high in salinity and wetting potential. In this study, PVDF membrane was modified by constructing a PDMS-SiO2-PDMS "sandwich" structure on top of its surface via coating to achieve resistance to surfactant induced wetting. The "sandwich" layer was optimized based on the membrane performance during membrane distillation. Compared to the pristine PVDF membrane with contact angle of 92°, the water contact angle of the membrane with a "sandwich" layer of 0.44 µm increased to 153°. For the feed contained 0.5 wt% NaCl and 0.25 wt% surfactant, there was no membrane wetting occurred during the experiment period using the membrane with a "sandwich" structure, in comparison to the pristine PVDF membrane being wetted from beginning. For a challenge experiment to the developed membrane lasting for 100 h using a surfactant containing feed, there is no wetting sign observed and the stable flux is 20 kg·m-2·h-1.

High-performance corrosion resistance of chemically-reinforced chitosan as ecofriendly inhibitor for mild steel.

Finding new cost-effective and environmentally friendly anti-corrosion materials is a never-ending task. The present study is to prepare a new formulation based on chitosan derivatives with different degrees of substitution (chitosan-5-HMF) as an efficient green corrosion inhibitor to protect mild steel against corrosion in 1 M HCl. The inhibition performance of chitosan-5-HMF was determined by electrochemical tests coupled with theoretical study like as molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to assess the reactivity and adsorption mechanisms between chitosan-5-HMF and Fe. The obtained results revealed that chitosan-5-HMF3 performs excellently inhibition performance where its inhibition efficiency reached 97.01% at 200 mg/L, and it acted as an anode-based mixed inhibitor. SEM and contact angle analysis showed the formation of compact chitosan-5-HMF film on the steel surface. Molecular dynamic simulations also manifested that chitosan-5-HMF was absorbed more strongly on the metal surface in a parallel mode.

Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of the CBF transcription factor family in Lolium perenne under abiotic stress.

C-repeat binding factor (CBF) subfamily genes encoding transcriptional activators are members of the AP2/ERF superfamily. CBFs play important roles in plant tolerance to abiotic stress. In this study, we identified and analyzed the structure, phylogeny, conserved motifs, and expression profiles of 12 CBFs of the grass species Lolium perenne cultured under abiotic stress. The identified LpCBFs were grouped into three phylogenetic clades according to their protein structures and motif organizations. LpCBF expression was differentially induced by cold, heat, water deficit, salinity, and abscisic acid, among which cold treatment induced LpCBF gene expression significantly. Furthermore, association network analysis indicated that different proteins, including certain stress-related proteins, potentially interact with LpCBFs. Altogether, these findings will enhance our understanding of LpCBFs protein structure and function in the regulation of L. perenne stress responses. Our results will provide valuable information for further functional research of LpCBF proteins in L. perenne stress resistance.

Network pharmacological mechanism of Cinobufotalin against glioma.

OBJECTIVE: Cinobufotalin was extracted from the skin of Chinese giant salamander or black sable with good clinical effect against tumor. This study aims to explore the mechanism of Cinobufotalin components and predict the target of action of Cinobufotalin on glioma. METHODS: The active components of Cinobufotalin were screened by the Chinese medicine pharmacology database and analysis platform (TCMSP), PubChem database, etc. The potential molecular components and targets were identified and enrichment analysis was conducted through the construction of related networks and analysis of their characteristics. Relevant targets of glioma were searched through TTD, DRUGBANK, and other databases, and the intersection was found and the key targets were found too. RESULTS: A total of 21 active components and 184 target genes of Cinobufotalin were found. According to the enrichment analysis results, the pharmacological mechanism of Cinobufotalin mainly includes inhibition of the cell cycle, promotion of cell apoptosis, and regulation of immunity. On this basis, RAC1, FOS, and NOS3 can be preliminarily predicted as potential targets of Cinobufotalin in the treatment of glioma. CONCLUSIONS: The screening of active ingredients and target prediction based on network pharmacology can provide a new research idea for the multi-target treatment of glioma with Cinobufotalin.

Constructing stable covalent bonding in black phosphorus/reduced graphene oxide for lithium ion battery anodes.

Strong covalent bonds were in situ constructed in a unique black phosphorus (BP) @ reduced graphene oxide nanocomposite via a facile and scalable high energy ball-milling process, which contributes to the high specific capacity of BP@irGO and tackles the long-standing problem of large volume expansion of high capacity electrode matrerials.