Long-term cosmetic outcomes of the slit-slide procedure for umbilical hernia repair in children.

PURPOSE: To assess the long-term cosmetic outcomes of the "slit-slide procedure", designed to provide a more natural appearance for umbilical hernia repair, as perceived by the patients and their parents. METHODS: A total of 149 patients with umbilical hernia underwent the slit-slide procedure at our hospital. The slit-slide procedure allows for the creation of an umbilicus with a more natural and integrated appearance. The patient satisfaction survey questionnaire was mailed to the families (n = 139), and there were 74 (53.2%) respondents. A questionnaire survey on postoperative appearance was also distributed to pediatric surgeons. RESULTS: The median age at the time of operation was 2.5 years (range, 2 months to 14 years) and the average median age at the time of answering the questionnaire was 6.25 years old (range, 2.5-14.8 years). The average median period of observation was 3.2 years (range, 4 months to 8.97 years). Most patients (89.2%) and parents (93.2%) were satisfied with the appearance of the umbilicus. Twenty-seven patients reported improved satisfaction after surgery (36.2%). Surgeons tended to score the elongated-oval shape highly; however, there was no difference in satisfaction among the shapes. CONCLUSION: The slit-slide procedure is not only effective and safe, but it achieves a satisfactory aesthetic outcome.

Spontaneous reduction age for ovarian hernia in early infancy.

BACKGROUND: Many articles recommend early surgery for ovarian hernia to avoid the risk of ovarian torsion. However, while ovarian hernia is known to undergo spontaneous reduction (SR) in early infancy, few reports have described the timing of SR. We therefore investigated the clinical features of SR for ovarian hernia in early infancy. METHODS: A total of 610 girls were diagnosed with inguinal hernia between 2008 and 2018. We focused on infants who had an ovarian hernia onset in the first 3 months of age. We reviewed the age retrospectively at the onset of hernia and age at SR. The data were compared statistically using the Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS: Sixty-one infants with inguinal hernia were included in this study. Thirty-nine patients (64%) had ovarian hernia. The mean age at the onset of hernia was 44 ± 17 days of age. Thirty cases underwent SR (77%). A Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that 75% of ovarian hernias underwent SR by 6 months of age. There were no cases of ovarian torsion. CONCLUSIONS: Most cases of ovarian hernia underwent SR, so patients with ovarian hernia in early infancy might be treated by elective surgery after 6 months of age.

Immunohistochemical distribution of surfactant apoprotein-A in congenital diaphragmatic hernia-II.

Morphometric analyses of the immunohistochemical expression of surfactant apoprotein A (SP-A) were carried out on the bronchioles of human congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) neonates and then compared with those in a gestational and postnatal age-matched control group. There was no difference in SP-A expression between lung specimens of the control group and unaffected lungs in the CDH group. However, compared with both these lungs, the ipsilateral lungs of the CDH group showed a significant increase in SP-A expression, namely, the number of SP-A-positive cells per bronchiole, the number of SP-A-positive cells per unit perimeter of bronchiole, and the number of SP-A-positive cells per unit bronchiolar surface area. These results suggest that in lungs of CDH cases, especially ipsilateral lungs, there is a possible delay in the functional maturation or development of SP-A synthesis by the bronchiole, and this retardation may play a role in the postnatal respiratory insufficiency observed in CDH patients.

The prognostic significance of blastemal predominant histology in initially resected Wilms' tumors: a report from the Study Group for Pediatric Solid Tumors in the Kyushu Area, Japan.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The strategy used to treat pediatric renal tumors in Japan is based on the Japanese Wilms' Tumor Study (JWiTS) protocol, which was based on the National Wilms' Tumor Study (NWTS)-5 regimen. The regimen is characterized by an initial radical operation, followed by adjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Concerning the histological classification, a new classification based on the International Society of Pediatric Oncology (SIOP) classification was used beginning in 2008. The main points of revision are that the "blastemal predominant type" was classified as an independent category in the Wilms' tumor subtypes. The purpose of this study was to analyze the biological characteristics from the standpoint of the newly established histological classification. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From 1971 to 2005, 174 cases of Wilms' tumors treated with an initial operation followed by adjuvant therapy were re-evaluated by the new histological classification. Histologically, all these materials showed no secondary changes associated with adjuvant therapy. RESULTS: According to the new classification, Wilms' tumors were classified into four subtypes, including the mixed type (n=112), epithelial type (n=17), mesenchymal type (n=15), and blastemal predominant type (n=26). The 5 year overall survival rates were as follows; mixed type (90.1%), epithelial type (100%), mesenchymal type (93.3%), and blastemal predominant type (65.4%). CONCLUSION: The patients with blastemal predominant tumors demonstrated a significantly worse prognosis compared with those of other subtypes. The treatment strategy of blastemal predominant category should be distinguished from the other favorable subtypes.

Subcutaneous emphysema, pneumomediastinum, pneumothorax, pneumoperitoneum, and pneumoretroperitoneum by insufflation of compressed air at the external genitalia in a child.

A 7-year-old girl with concurrent subcutaneous emphysema, pneumomediastinum, pneumothorax, pneumoperitoneum, and pneumoretroperitoneum arrived at our facility. Compressed air at 5 atm of pressure was insufflated through the nozzle of a spray gun over her external genitalia. She was admitted for a small amount of genital bleeding and significant subcutaneous emphysema extending from the cheek to the upper body. Radiographic examination of the abdomen was suggestive of a visceral perforation, but she was managed conservatively and discharged in satisfactory condition without surgical intervention. The female genitalia possibly served as the entry point for air into the retroperitoneum and peritoneal cavity, with subsequent migration of air through the esophageal hiatus that resulted in pneumomediastinum, pneumothorax, and extensive subcutaneous emphysema.

Infantile epididymitis with calcification.

A 1-month-old infant presented with a case of calcifying chronic epididymitis. Differential diagnosis was made from a testicular torsion and neoplasm. Serial ultrasound examination revealed a calcified lesion adjacent to the normal testis, thereby avoiding an unnecessary orchiectomy. Infantile epididymitis has been thought to be rare; however, it is occasionally encountered in the literature and calcification with chronic epididymitis in an infant has not been previously reported. On the other hand, an infant with scrotal calcification should be suspected of neoplasm. However, the tumor markers alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and Human Chorionic Gonadotropin beta (HCG beta) were within the physiological range. Therefore, a diagnosis must be carefully made to avoid an unnecessary orchiectomy.

Clinical characteristics and outcome of Wilms tumors with a favorable histology in Japan: a report from the Study Group for Pediatric Solid Malignant Tumors in the Kyushu Area, Japan.

BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: Since 1996, the standard treatment of Wilms tumors in Japan has been based on the regimen of the Japanese Wilms Tumor Study. However, in Japan, there have been no reports about Wilms tumors that analyzed the clinical features and patient outcome in a large series until now. This study aims to assess the clinical characteristics of patients with Wilms tumor with a favorable histology from a retrospective standpoint in the Kyushu area in Japan and, furthermore, to analyze the historical changes of clinical features and outcome from the 1980s to the 1990s. METHODS: Between 1982 and 1996, 90 cases of Wilms tumors with a favorable histology were registered in the Kyushu area. Regarding the clinical feature and outcome, they were divided into 2 groups (group A, 1982-1989, n = 50; group B, 1990-1996, n = 40). The outcome was analyzed based on the 5-year overall survival rate. RESULTS: The clinical features (age, sex, initial symptom, location, stage) demonstrated no definite differences between group A and group B. Regarding the operation, the rate of an initial complete resection in the early stages was significantly higher in group B than in group A. All stage V cases in group B undewent a bilateral tumor biopsy instead of a radical nephrectomy as the initial operation. The 5-year overall survival rate throughout the whole period was 87.8%, whereas the rates were 84.0% for group A and 90.0% for group B (P = NS), respectively. Of particular note, the outcome of patients with stage I and stage V in group B substantially improved in comparison to that in group A. However, in advanced cases, no significant improvement in the outcome was noted. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first report about the clinical features and outcome for Wilms tumors with a favorable histology in Japan from the 1980s to the 1990s. The present study suggested that in the early-stage cases, an initially complete resection followed by standard postoperative chemotherapy substantially improved the outcome of the patients in group B. In the stage V cases, the performance of renal salvage surgery may have positively contributed to the improvement in the outcome in group B. However, in the advanced stage cases, no definite improvement was noted. In the future, an improved efficacy of the treatments for Wilms tumors based on the standard protocol established by the Japanese Wilms Tumor Study in 1996 is expected in Japan.