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1.
Lett Appl Microbiol ; 72(6): 698-705, 2021 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33570805

RESUMO

The aim of this study was to determine the chemical profile of the essential oils (EOs) of three Moroccan lavender species (Lavandula pedunculata, LP; Lavandula angustifolia, LA; and Lavandula maroccana, LM) and to investigate, for the first time, the synergistic effect of the optimal mixture of the EOs with conventional antibiotic ciprofloxacin against three pathogenic foodborne bacteria. Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis showed that eucalyptol (39·05%), camphor (24·21%) and borneol (8·29%) were the dominant compounds of LA-EO. LP-EO was characterized by the abundance of camphor (74·51%) and fenchone (27·06%), whereas carvacrol (42·08%), camphor (17·95%) and fenchone (12·05%) were the main constituents of LM-EO. EOs alone or combined showed a remarkable antimicrobial activity against the tested bacteria with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) ranging from 3·53 to 15·96 mg ml-1 . The optimal mixture, calculated using a mixture design, corresponded to 19% LA, 38% LP and 43% LM. All combination of the EOs and the best EO mixture with ciprofloxacin exhibited a total synergism with fractional inhibitory concentration index values ranging from 0·27 to 0·37. The best EO mixture showed the highest gain of 128-fold, especially against Salmonella spp., more than that found testing the EOs separately. These findings should be taken into consideration for a possible application in the pharmaceutical and food industries.


Assuntos
Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Ciprofloxacina/farmacologia , Lavandula/química , Óleos Voláteis/farmacologia , Salmonella/efeitos dos fármacos , Canfanos/farmacologia , Cânfora/farmacologia , Cimenos/farmacologia , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana/fisiologia , Eucaliptol/farmacologia , Cromatografia Gasosa-Espectrometria de Massas , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Norbornanos/farmacologia
2.
Lett Appl Microbiol ; 58(5): 472-7, 2014 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24447247

RESUMO

UNLABELLED: Several mechanisms are involved in the bacterial resistance towards antimicrobial agents. The membrane-associated mechanisms of resistance were studied in Escherichia coli strains after incubation with Thymus maroccanus essential oil, its major components (carvacrol and thymol) or with certain antibiotics. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the expression of membrane proteins, porins and efflux pumps were determined in wild type and derivative strains. Derivative strains adapted to different compounds displayed a high level of resistance to all tested antibiotics. The MIC increase is associated with an overexpression of an efflux pump immunorelated to AcrAB-TolC in various variants. Interestingly, the expression of outer membrane proteins slightly decreases in these strains. We demonstrate that the increase in antibiotic resistance correlates with membrane changes observed in the variants. This type of bacterial adaptation to natural compounds can occur in vivo providing the emergence/selection of bacteria less susceptible to clinically used antibiotics. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: Thymus maroccanus essential oil and some major components are able to select variants that modify the expression of transporters involved in the influx (porins) and in the efflux (AcrAB family) of various drugs. Importantly, these membrane proteins are involved in the transport of natural compounds and several antibiotic families. This special 'membrane adaptation' can explain the persistence of less susceptible/tolerant bacteria in the environment where natural compounds are present and the continuous stimulation of efflux systems in these bacteria.


Assuntos
Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Escherichia coli/efeitos dos fármacos , Thymus (Planta)/química , Antibacterianos/metabolismo , Cimenos , Escherichia coli/metabolismo , Proteínas de Escherichia coli/metabolismo , Proteínas de Membrana Transportadoras/metabolismo , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Monoterpenos/farmacologia , Óleos Voláteis/farmacologia , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Porinas/metabolismo , Timol/farmacologia
3.
J Appl Microbiol ; 113(5): 1120-9, 2012 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22809088

RESUMO

AIMS: The effects of Thymus maroccanus essential oil (EO) on the integrity of the cell membranes and the permeability of the outer membrane (OM) and inner membrane (IM) of Escherichia coli, Enterobacter aerogenes and Salmonella enterica Typhimurium were investigated. METHODS AND RESULTS: The bacterial release of intracellular proteins, cytoplasmic ß-galactosidase and periplasmic ß-lactamase induced by T. maroccanus EO was compared to the membranotropic activity of polymyxin B (PB) known as an effective permeabilizer of the membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. Results showed that T. maroccanus EO increased the permeability of the OM and IM of studied bacteria and induced the release of intracellular proteins into the external medium. CONCLUSIONS: The effect of T. maroccanus EO on the outer membrane was comparable to that of PB, and both T. maroccanus EO and PB induce similar levels of ß-lactamase release. In addition, it also promoted the release of the cytoplasmic ß-galactosidase. Moreover, the lipopolysaccharide molecules and the overexpression of efflux pumps seem to play a crucial role in the level of susceptibility of studied bacteria to the permeabilizing effect of T. maroccanus EO. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF STUDY: These results demonstrate that T. maroccanus EO can restore antibiotic activity by targeting the two bacterial membranes and would be attractive candidates for developing new adjuvants for combating resistant Gram-negative bacteria.


Assuntos
Permeabilidade da Membrana Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Bactérias Gram-Negativas/efeitos dos fármacos , Óleos Voláteis/farmacologia , Thymus (Planta)/química , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana , Enterobacter aerogenes/efeitos dos fármacos , Enterobacter aerogenes/enzimologia , Escherichia coli/efeitos dos fármacos , Escherichia coli/enzimologia , Bactérias Gram-Negativas/enzimologia , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Óleos de Plantas/farmacologia , Polimixina B/farmacologia , Salmonella typhimurium/efeitos dos fármacos , Salmonella typhimurium/enzimologia , beta-Galactosidase/metabolismo , beta-Lactamases/metabolismo
4.
Environ Technol ; 31(5): 533-43, 2010 Apr 14.
Artigo em Francês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20480828

RESUMO

Olive oil mill wastewater (OMW) is generally recognized as an environmentally troublesome by-product of the olive oil industry as its disposal without any treatment is known to cause serious environmental problems. However, this effluent has a high fertilizing power and constitutes, with urban wastewater, an important low-cost source. Biological treatment of OMW, with a process combining an aerobic reactor, 'Jet-Loop', and waste stabilization ponds, was investigated for possible agricultural reuse. The focus of the present study was to evaluate the contribution and the complementarity of the two systems in the total OMW treatment. Bio-treatment was performed using a 100-litre Jet-Loop reactor working volume achieving a chemical oxygen demand (COD) and phenolic compounds maximum removal rate of 72% and 68%, respectively, at a hydraulic retention time of 10 days. Co-treatment of OMW and domestic wastewater in waste stabilization ponds, with a hydraulic retention time of 22 days, reached a global removal rate of 66% for COD while no trace of phenolic compounds was detected on this level during the entire treatment period. Dynamics of faecal coliforms in stabilization ponds showed a total removal rate of 99.9% (3 logarithmic units (Log.U)). Preliminary results of agronomic tests on the ray-grass have evaluated the fertilizing effect of the final effluent resulting from the co-treatment.


Assuntos
Olea/química , Agricultura/métodos , Bactérias Aeróbias/química , Biodegradação Ambiental , Reatores Biológicos , Desenho de Equipamento , Resíduos Industriais , Oxigênio/química , Fenol/química , Eliminação de Resíduos Líquidos/métodos , Poluentes Químicos da Água/isolamento & purificação , Purificação da Água/métodos
5.
J Environ Manage ; 91(1): 124-32, 2009 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19720448

RESUMO

The application of hypochlorite for the removal of soluble COD, phenolic and polyphenolic like compounds, and other organic compounds responsible for the olive mill wastewater (OOWW) colour has been experimentally studied. After the OOWW filtration on a sand column, the effluent was subjected to a fast liming under optimal conditions. Lime application reduced polyphenols, COD and SS contents to half of their initial values but an important blackening of the treated OOWW was observed, especially when adding high concentrations of lime (10% (W/V) and 15% (W/V)). A second stage of treatment was applied using calcium hypochlorite. In this stage, removal of the studied compounds reached as much as 95% at higher concentrations, and particularly the colouring of OOWW which is generally difficult to eliminate was greatly reduced. The OOWW hypochloration acted through coagulation-flocculation and a rapid oxidation of the organic matter proceeded from the first 5min. The kinetic study of the degradation of the waste polluting compounds from liming showed that Ca(ClO)(2) reacts similarly in the elimination of organic compounds, polyphenols, SS and colouration. The analysis of the organochloride compounds generated by the reaction between hypochlorite and the organic compounds showed that DDD, DDT and the heptachlor contents exceeded the values recommended by the International and European drinking water standards.


Assuntos
Compostos de Cálcio/química , Indústria Alimentícia , Resíduos Industriais , Óxidos/química , Óleos de Plantas , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão , Cor , Cinética , Azeite de Oliva
6.
Environ Technol ; 29(9): 959-74, 2008 Sep.
Artigo em Francês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18844123

RESUMO

Olive Oil Waste Water (OOWW) is acidic water known for its antibacterial and phytotoxic effects. In Morocco, these effluents are generally drained into the surrounding environment without any treatment or are collected and retained in large evaporation basins, which can constitute a source of potential pollution of groundwater. The analysis of water from 14 wells, in an agricultural zone, where there are four storage basins of OOWW coming from various types of oil mills, showed that their physicochemical and biological quality is largely influenced by the presence of these basins. Indeed, high values of COD (400 mg O2 L(-1)), polyphenols (180 mg l(-1)) and electrical conductivity (1.89 mS cm-') were recorded in P5 water. This well is located only 5 m from a storage basin of OOWW coming from the H4 oil mill which rejects OOWW charged with organic matter (more than 290 g of O2 L(-1) of COD, on average). However, the settlement of a basin, dug close to a modern oil mill (H3), which produces large OOWW volumes but is loaded with low organic pollutant concentration (100 g of O2L(-1) of COD), reduced notably the effect of the OOWW infiltration on groundwater. This resulted in the improvement of the groundwater physicochemical quality near this basin (P7 and P8); the organic matter contents expressed by COD vary from 26.7 mg l(-1) to 30 mg l(-1) and the polyphenol contents are on average between 41 mg l(-1) and 47.6 mg l(-1). The analysis of the total well water fauna showed a great taxonomic richness with variations in time and space. The biodiversity decreases in groundwater polluted by the oil mill waste and the underground fauna disappears completely if the degree of contamination of groundwater is high.


Assuntos
Água Doce/análise , Resíduos Industriais/análise , Óleos de Plantas/química , Poluentes Químicos da Água/química , Condutividade Elétrica , Flavonoides/análise , Marrocos , Nitrogênio/análise , Azeite de Oliva , Fenóis/análise , Fósforo/análise , Polifenóis , Microbiologia da Água
7.
Rev Pneumol Clin ; 62(3): 187-90, 2006 Jun.
Artigo em Francês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16840998

RESUMO

The diaphragm is an unusual localization for disseminated erythematous lupus and is generally not recognized. We present the case of a 34-year-old woman who developed bilateral pain in the base of the thorax 15 days before hospitalization without any bronchial signs and NYHA stage II dyspnea. The patient's general health status remained satisfactory and the physical examination was normal except for diffuse inflammatory joint pain and cutaneous photosensitivization. The chest x-ray disclosed ascension of both hemidiaphragms with retracted lungs associated with bilateral basal atalectasia. The diagnosis of lupus with diaphragmatic involvement was retained due to the clinical presentation with diffuse joint pain, photosensitization with facial erythema, pericardial effusion and elevated antinuclear antibody and lymphopenia (1 100/mm3). Lung function tests revealed a restrictive syndrome. Oral corticosteroids 1 mg/kg/d enabled clinical and functional improvement. In light of this observation we discuss the pathogenic mechanisms of this uncommon localization of lupus and the difficulty of establishing a sure diagnosis.


Assuntos
Diafragma/patologia , Lúpus Eritematoso Sistêmico/complicações , Doenças Musculares/etiologia , Corticosteroides/uso terapêutico , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Lúpus Eritematoso Sistêmico/diagnóstico , Lúpus Eritematoso Sistêmico/tratamento farmacológico , Dor/etiologia , Atelectasia Pulmonar/etiologia
8.
Indian J Cancer ; 53(1): 50-3, 2016.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27146739

RESUMO

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Given the importance of papanicolaou (Pap) test in the early detection and timely treatment of cervical cancer, present study was designed to determine predictors of a sample of Iranian women's intention to first Pap test practice based on the protection motivation theory (PMT) variables. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, a total of 240 women referral to the 30 primary health care clinics were selected. They completed a developed scale based on PMT variables including intention, perceived vulnerability and severity, fear, response costs, response efficacy and self-efficacy. Path analysis was used to determine the association between predictive factors and intention. RESULTS: The results showed that PMT had goodness of fit with a χ2/df = 2.37, df = 28, P= 0.001 and RMSEA = 0.076. PMT explained 42% of the variance in women's intention to get first Pap smear test. Self-efficacy (b = 0.55, P< 0.001) and response efficacy (b = 0.19, P< 0.001) were found to be the predictors of intention. CONCLUSION: These findings may be used to develop tailored, theory-based educational interventions associated with Pap testing among women.


Assuntos
Motivação , Teste de Papanicolaou/psicologia , Adulto , Estudos Transversais , Detecção Precoce de Câncer , Feminino , Humanos , Intenção , Irã (Geográfico) , Inquéritos e Questionários
9.
J Mycol Med ; 25(4): e118-27, 2015 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26611404

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To study the composition, the antioxidant activity and the in vitro antifungal action anti-Candida species of essential oils extracted from seeds of Vite xagnus-castus L. MATERIALS AND METHOD: The essential oils were extracted using Clevenger-type apparatus and analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The antioxidant activity was analyzed using the DPPH free radical-scavenging method. Susceptibility tests for Candida albicans (12), C. dubliniensis (1), C. glabrata (3), C. krusei (3), C. parapsilosis (6), C. lusitaniae (1), C. famata (1) and C. tropicalis (3) were expressed as inhibition zone by the disc-diffusion method and as minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal fungicidal concentration (MFC) by the broth macrodilution method, compared to amphotricin B and fluconazol as standard drugs. RESULTS: Major components were: 1,8-cineole (19.61%), sabinene (14.57%), α-pinene (9.76%), ß-farnesene (6.04%), ß-caryophyllene oxide (5.83%) and ß-caryophyllene (5.02%). A low antioxidant activity was found (IC50=1.072mg/ml), but it can be exploited. V. agnus-castus seeds essential oils disosed a 35-58mm zone of inhibition (mean: 49mm) against all 30 isolates tested. In broth macrodilution method, all the tested Candida species were susceptible to the essential oils and this activity was concentration-dependent. MIC values varied from 0.13 to 2.13mg/ml V. agnus-castus seeds essential oils. CONCLUSION: Results of this study indicated that the oils of plant origin could be used as potential anti-Candida species causative agents of nosocomial infections. These oils exhibited a noticeable antifungal activity against the selected fungi. The natural antifungal substances are inexpensive and have fewer side effects, they may represent alternative therapies for candidiasis.


Assuntos
Antifúngicos/farmacologia , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Candida/efeitos dos fármacos , Infecção Hospitalar/microbiologia , Óleos Voláteis , Sementes/química , Vitex/química , Antifúngicos/análise , Antioxidantes/análise , Candida/classificação , Candida/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Produtos Agrícolas , Cromatografia Gasosa-Espectrometria de Massas , Humanos , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Marrocos , Óleos Voláteis/química , Óleos Voláteis/farmacologia , Óleos de Plantas/química , Óleos de Plantas/farmacologia , Árvores
10.
J Virol Methods ; 8(1-2): 155-60, 1984 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-6707183

RESUMO

A simple method for preparation of Rhizobium meliloti bacteriophages was established employing fermenter culture. This technique allowed phage production to be checked by dissolved oxygen measure. Phage suspensions ranging from 5.10(12) to 1.2.10(13) PFU/ml were found after polyethylene glycol precipitation and centrifugation in CsCl.


Assuntos
Bacteriófagos/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Cultura de Vírus/métodos , Bacteriólise , Bacteriófagos/isolamento & purificação , Centrifugação com Gradiente de Concentração , Precipitação Química , Fermentação , Polietilenoglicóis , Rhizobium/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Ensaio de Placa Viral
11.
J Ethnopharmacol ; 89(1): 165-9, 2003 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-14522450

RESUMO

Essential oils of seven Moroccan Labiatae were chemically analysed by GC-MS and evaluated for their in vitro antifungal activity against Botrytis cinerea. Among them, Origanum compactum and Thymus glandulosus greatly inhibited the growth of the mycelium. The inhibition of Botrytis cinerea was 100% for both oils at 100 ppm, while the IC(50)s were 35.1 and 79.2 ppm, respectively. Mentha pulegium exhibited moderate activity at 250 ppm since the inhibition of the mycelial growth was 58.5% and the IC(50) was 233.5 ppm. The main constituents of the studied oils were also examined. Thymol and carvacrol that are the two main constituents of Thymus glandulosus and Origanum compactum exhibited the strongest antifungal activity with 100% of inhibition at 100 ppm, respectively.


Assuntos
Antifúngicos/farmacologia , Botrytis/efeitos dos fármacos , Lamiaceae , Óleos Voláteis/farmacologia , Antifúngicos/isolamento & purificação , Contagem de Colônia Microbiana , Cromatografia Gasosa-Espectrometria de Massas , Concentração Inibidora 50 , Marrocos , Óleos Voláteis/isolamento & purificação
12.
Med Oncol ; 29(3): 1421-8, 2012 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21947747

RESUMO

Treatment options for radioiodine resistant metastatic thyroid cancer patients are limited, and chemotherapy is considered an outdated therapeutic method for differentiated thyroid carcinoma. In this study, we evaluated the activity and safety of gemcitabine and oxaliplatin combination which is considered an out of label therapeutic method in patients with differentiated metastatic thyroid cancer refractory to 131-I treatment. Fourteen refractory patients (8 papillary, 6 follicular), six men/eight women with median age of 63 years and performance status (0-3) were included. Patients received gemcitabine (1,000 mg/m(2)) plus oxaliplatin (100 mg/m(2)) every 2 weeks until 12-cycles and each cycle correspond to 2 weeks treatment. This protocol was approved by the local Institutional Review Boards. Response rate was assessed every four cycles. Progression-free and overall survivals were calculated. Median treatment was 9.5 cycles (range 2-17) with 22 weeks duration. Overall response rate was 57%, with 7% achieving a complete response (1/14), 50% a partial response (7/14), and 28% with a stable disease. All patients with follicular subtype showed objective responses. Eleven patients progressed at a median time of 10.1 months; 10 of 14 patients still alive and the median survival was not reached (median follow-up of 19.8 months). The combination was generally well tolerated. No deaths occurred due to therapy and no grade IV toxicity was recorded. The most common treatment-related adverse events grade 1/3 includes asthenia, peripheral neuropathy, diarrhea, anemia, thrombocytopenia, and neutropenia. In conclusion, the GEMOX regimen is well tolerated and effective in advanced differentiated thyroid cancer. However, this retrospective data on a small sample size are considered preliminary and needs to be evaluated prospectively in a higher number of patients in a clinical trial.


Assuntos
Adenocarcinoma Folicular/tratamento farmacológico , Adenocarcinoma Papilar/tratamento farmacológico , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapêutico , Uso Off-Label , Neoplasias da Glândula Tireoide/tratamento farmacológico , Adenocarcinoma Folicular/mortalidade , Adenocarcinoma Folicular/patologia , Adenocarcinoma Papilar/mortalidade , Adenocarcinoma Papilar/patologia , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Desoxicitidina/análogos & derivados , Desoxicitidina/uso terapêutico , Intervalo Livre de Doença , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Compostos Organoplatínicos/uso terapêutico , Terapia de Salvação/métodos , Neoplasias da Glândula Tireoide/mortalidade , Neoplasias da Glândula Tireoide/patologia
13.
J Hazard Mater ; 176(1-3): 893-900, 2010 Apr 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20018449

RESUMO

Olive oil mill wastewater (OMW) constitutes a source of environmental problems in Morocco due to its significantly high organic load, its phytotoxic properties and its relatively low biodegradability. An effective option for its disposal is its agricultural use after co-treatment with urban wastewater (UWW). The main objective of this investigation was to evaluate the potential of this co-treatment, using experimental waste stabilization ponds, in removing OMW phytotoxicity. We examined the influence of the organic load, at the entry of the treatment system, on the evolution of some physicochemical (chemical oxygen demand and polyphenols) and microbiological (fecal coliforms and fecal streptococci) parameters. The results showed a removal of the organic, phenolic and microbial load throughout the treatment which differed from one system to another according to the OMW load applied to each system. The results concerning the germination assays of Zea mays and Solanum lycopersicum suggested that the co-treatment of OMW with UWW would decrease the phytotoxicity of this waste.


Assuntos
Resíduos Industriais/prevenção & controle , Olea , Eliminação de Resíduos Líquidos/métodos , Agricultura/métodos , Biomassa , Cidades , Conservação dos Recursos Naturais/métodos , Marrocos , Compostos Orgânicos , Fenóis
14.
Phytomedicine ; 17(13): 1057-60, 2010 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20554185

RESUMO

The discovery of antifungal drugs had eradicated some infections that ravaged the humankind. But their indiscriminate use has led to the development of multidrug resistant pathogens. One strategy employed to overcome these resistance mechanisms is the use of combination of the essential oils (EOs) of medicinal plants and conventional drugs. In this study, we investigated a possible synergistic effect of the EOs of two Moroccan endemic thymes (Thymus broussonetii and T. maroccanus) with amphotericin B (Amp B) and fluconazol against Candida albicans. The fractional inhibitory concentration indices (FICI) of T. maroccanus and T. broussonetii EOs combined with Amp B and fluconazol, calculated from the checkerboard titer assay, were 0.49, 0.27, 0.37 and 0.3, respectively. Also, our results indicate that the synergistic effect of EOs with fluconazol was stronger than the combination with Amp B. All these data highlight that the EOs tested potentiate the antifungal action of Amp B and fluconazol, suggesting a possible utilization of these EOs in addition to antifungal drugs for the treatment of some candidiasis due to C. albicans. The use of these combinations is likely to reduce the minimum effective dose of the drugs, thus minimizing their toxic side effects and the treatment cost.


Assuntos
Anfotericina B/farmacologia , Antifúngicos/farmacologia , Candida albicans/efeitos dos fármacos , Fluconazol/farmacologia , Óleos Voláteis/farmacologia , Thymus (Planta)/química , Sinergismo Farmacológico , Componentes Aéreos da Planta
15.
Arch Environ Contam Toxicol ; 51(4): 608-14, 2006 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16823519

RESUMO

Levels of three butyltin (BTs) compounds, monobutyltin (MBT), dibutyltin (DBT) and tributyltin (TBT), and three phenyltin (PTs) compounds, monophenyltin (MPhT), diphenyltin (DPhT), and triphenyltin (TPhT), were determined in the sea mullet, Mugil cephalus, collected along the northern Mediterranean coast of Morocco, and the south Mediterranean coast of Spain. Also, sediment samples from the Guadalquivir River (Spain) near to its mouth in the Mediterranean Sea were analysed. TBT and TPhT were the predominant compounds in the analyzed samples, and TBT concentrations were higher in liver than in muscle. In general, the total content of BTs in these samples was higher than PT levels. In the Moroccan coast, the highest value of BTs (18.00 mg/Kg wet weight) was found in the west harbour of the Tangier site, while the lowest concentration (0.01 mg/Kg wet weight) was detected in the Oued Laoue site. Concerning PTs compounds, the highest value (4.00 mg/Kg wet weight) was found in the harbour of the M'diq Site and the lowest value (0.01 mg/Kg wet weight) was detected in the Oued Laoue site. On the other hand, organotin (OT) residues were not detected in the water samples of the Spanish coast although TBT was identified in four of the nine sediment samples from the Guadalquivir River at concentrations between 15.45 and 245.07 mg/Kg wet weight.


Assuntos
Compostos Orgânicos de Estanho/análise , Água do Mar/análise , Smegmamorpha/metabolismo , Poluentes Químicos da Água/análise , Animais , Cromatografia Gasosa , Sedimentos Geológicos , Compostos de Trialquitina/análise
16.
World J Microbiol Biotechnol ; 10(2): 230-1, 1994 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24420955

RESUMO

The 365 strains of Vibrio cholerae, isolated in Marrakesh from raw sewage and stabilization pond effluent, were all identified as non-O1 Vibrio cholerae. When tested for their susceptibilities to ampicillin, amoxicillin, cephalothin, streptomycin, novobiocin, chloramphenicol, nalidixic acid and trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole, 13% of the strains from raw sewage and 20% of those from stabilization pond effluent were found to be resistant to one or more of the antibiotics. There were no significant differences, in terms of drug resistance, between isolates from the new sewage and those from the ponds' effluent.

17.
J Appl Microbiol ; 94(3): 531-8, 2003.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12588563

RESUMO

AIMS: Investigations were carried out to observe the effect of sunlight on the survival of mesophilic Aeromonas (A. caviae, A. hydrophila and A. sobria) in high-rate algal pond. METHODS AND RESULTS: Light damage was estimated by loss of bacterial culturability, using simple beaker experiments. Survival of the strains studied under illuminated conditions was highly affected by the physico-chemical conditions within the microcosms. The inactivation of Aeromonas increased strongly as dissolved oxygen was increased, and was dependent on exogenous sensitizers. This process was enhanced by the high pH of water. Die-off of bacteria was prevented by adding catalase and pyruvate (H2O2 scavengers) into the microcosms. CONCLUSIONS: The damage of Aeromonas was mainly due to exogenous photooxidation. Hydrogen peroxide at least was involved in light-induced damage of bacteria. Aeromonas sobria appeared to be slightly less sensitive to photooxidation than A. hydrophila and A. caviae. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF STUDY: The present study could explain the relative resistance of A. sobria to treatment in wastewater stabilization ponds.


Assuntos
Aeromonas/efeitos da radiação , Luz Solar , Eliminação de Resíduos Líquidos/métodos , Microbiologia da Água , Aeromonas/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Anaerobiose/fisiologia , Contagem de Colônia Microbiana , Peróxido de Hidrogênio/farmacologia , Concentração de Íons de Hidrogênio , Esterilização
18.
J Appl Microbiol ; 87(4): 536-9, 1999 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-10583681

RESUMO

The available circumstantial evidence gained from epidemiological and microbiological investigations suggests that the use of untreated wastewater causes an excess of Salmonella infection among children living in El Azzouzia (the wastewater-spreading area of Marrakesh city, Morocco) compared with those from a control area that does not practice sewage irrigation (Sidi Moussa). The prevalence in the exposed group (32.56%) was significantly (P < 0. 001) higher than for the control group (1.14%). Serogroups B and C were the most commonly isolated. Boys were at greater risk (37.61%) of contracting Salmonella infection than girls (26.66%). Age-specified rates showed that children of less than 10 years old were infected at a higher rate than older children in the area (exposed group), with 40.32% and 19.72% rates of infection, respectively. Crop irrigation with untreated wastewater caused a significantly higher rate of infection with Salmonella in the children of agricultural workers (39.33%) than in the children of non-agriculturists (24.58%).


Assuntos
Fezes/microbiologia , Infecções por Salmonella/epidemiologia , Esgotos/microbiologia , Microbiologia da Água , Poluição da Água , Adolescente , Fatores Etários , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Interpretação Estatística de Dados , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Marrocos/epidemiologia , Prevalência , Fatores Sexuais , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Abastecimento de Água
19.
Microb Ecol ; 21(1): 11-20, 1991 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24194198

RESUMO

During the period 12 July 1985 to 23 December 1987, water samples were collected in two-week intervals for estimates ofAeromonas species in a waste treatment system located in the arid region of Marrakech, Morocco. Fecal coliforms, temperature, and chemical oxygen demand were measured simultaneously withAeromonas species densities. Statistical methods were utilized to analyze the significance of average differences and temporal patterns ofAeromonas species numbers.Removal ofAeromonas in the whole system did not exceed 1.14 log.Aeromonas densities showed significantly higher resistance to the treatment process when compared with fecal coliforms; however, abundance of the two groups presented a similar seasonal change. The highest numbers occurred during the cold months, while the lowest appeared in the warm months. Statistical time-series analyses of the densities data showed the seasonal and cyclic distribution ofAeromonas in this treatment plant.These temporal changes were simultaneously observed in all the stations investigated and were negatively correlated with water temperature values.Aeromonas populations were dominated byA. caviae andA. hydrophila in the inlet samples. These two species were rapidly eliminated in the treatment plant. The temporal distribution ofA. caviae was similar to the change in densities ofAeromonas and fecal coliforms. The seasonal fluctuations of abundance ofAeromonas were probably related to this species, which dominated in the winter samples but dropped during the summer. Meanwhile,A. sobria dominated all the final effluent samples. This greater survival ofA. sobria and its known pathogenicity may limit the re-use of treated water for irrigation of fodder plants.

20.
Microb Ecol ; 23(3): 227-37, 1992 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24192933

RESUMO

The efficiency of stabilization pond treatment of domestic wastewater in removing culturable cells of motile Aeromonas and its influence on the incidence of resistance to seven antibiotics were investigated in this study. Removal efficiency was higher (P < 0.001) in the warm months (98.8%) than in the cold months (97%). Among the 264 isolates, 163 were Aeromonas caviae, 24 were A. hydrophila, and 54 were A. sobria. Twenty-three isolates could not be identified to the species level. In the influent, A. caviae dominated in both cold and warm months. In the water samples originating from the influent, A. sobria was present at higher percentages in the warm period. All the isolates were resistant to amoxicillin and most of them (73%) exhibited resistance to cephalothin. Of the three species tested, A. sobria was more susceptible to antibiotics than either A. caviae or A. hydrophila. The most striking difference among the species was seen in resistance to cephalothin. There were 91 % of A. caviae strains and 96% of A. hydrophila isolates that were resistant to cephalothin. However, only 9% of A. sobria strains exhibited resistance to this drug. The high incidence of resistance in raw sewage was connected with a high proportion of A. caviae, whereas in the water samples collected from the effluent during the warm months, a high proportion of A. sobria decreased the total amount of multiple-resistant bacteria. Results demonstrated the need for identification to the species level.

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