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1.
Rev Sci Tech ; 32(2): 479-85, 2013 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24547651

RESUMO

The Codex Alimentarius (Codex) international food standards help to ensure food safety and promote fair practices in the international food trade. Implementing these standards using a risk management framework (RMF) approach to decision-making is an increasingly common aspect of the food control programmes of national governments. The Codex Alimentarius Commission (CAC) provides guidance at both the system and food commodity levels. In the case of zoonoses, similarities in the risk analysis methodologies used to underpin standard setting by the CAC and the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) are highly enabling of integrated food control systems. The CAC and the OIE are increasingly working together to develop their respective standards for foodborne zoonoses and other hazards so that they are non-duplicative, cohesive and utilise the whole food chain. There is a clear need for effective integration of food safety and animal health monitoring and surveillance information to better control foodborne zoonoses. This is increasingly supported by Codex and OIE standards working together in a variety of ways and realisation of benefits is highly dependent on coordination and sharing of information between Competent Authorities and other food safety stakeholders at the national level.


Assuntos
Doenças dos Animais/prevenção & controle , Inocuidade dos Alimentos , Doenças Transmitidas por Alimentos/prevenção & controle , Gado , Animais , Saúde Global , Humanos , Cooperação Internacional , Vigilância da População , Gestão de Riscos , Zoonoses
2.
J Dairy Sci ; 95(1): 20-35, 2012 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22192181

RESUMO

This is the first study to report kinetic data on the survival of a range of significant milk-borne pathogens under commercial-type pasteurization conditions. The most heat-resistant strain of each of the milk-borne pathogens Staphylococcus aureus, Yersinia enterocolitica, pathogenic Escherichia coli, Cronobacter sakazakii (formerly known as Enterobacter sakazakii), Listeria monocytogenes, and Salmonella was selected to obtain the worst-case scenario in heat inactivation trials using a pilot-plant-scale pasteurizer. Initially, approximately 30 of each species were screened using a submerged coil unit. Then, UHT milk was inoculated with the most heat-resistant pathogens at ~10(7)/mL and heat treated in a pilot-plant-scale pasteurizer under commercial-type conditions of turbulent flow for 15s over a temperature range from 56 to 66°C and at 72°C. Survivors were enumerated on nonselective media chosen for the highest efficiency of plating of heat-damaged bacteria of each of the chosen strains. The mean log(10) reductions and temperatures of inactivation of the 6 pathogens during a 15-s treatment were Staph. aureus >6.7 at 66.5°C, Y. enterocolitica >6.8 at 62.5°C, pathogenic E. coli >6.8 at 65°C, C. sakazakii >6.7 at 67.5°C, L. monocytogenes >6.9 at 65.5°C, and Salmonella ser. Typhimurium >6.9 at 61.5°C. The kinetic data from these experiments will be used by the New Zealand Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry to populate the quantitative risk assessment model being developed to investigate the risks to New Zealand consumers from pasteurized, compared with nonpasteurized, milk and milk products.


Assuntos
Leite/microbiologia , Pasteurização/métodos , Animais , Bovinos , Cronobacter sakazakii/metabolismo , Escherichia coli/metabolismo , Temperatura Alta , Cinética , Listeria monocytogenes/metabolismo , Leite/normas , Pasteurização/normas , Salmonella/metabolismo , Staphylococcus aureus/metabolismo , Yersinia enterocolitica/metabolismo
3.
Int J Infect Dis ; 103: 268-277, 2021 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33221520

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Following an initial reduction in human campylobacteriosis in New Zealand after the implementation of poultry food chain-focused interventions during 2006-2008, further decline has been relatively small. We report a year-long study of notified campylobacteriosis cases, incorporating a case control study combined with a source attribution study. The purpose was to generate up-to-date evidence on the relative contributions of different sources of campylobacteriosis in New Zealand. METHODS: The study approach included: • A case-control study of notified cases (aged six months or more) sampled in a major urban centre (Auckland, every second case) and a mixed urban/rural area (Manawatu/Whanganui, every case), between 12 March 2018 and 11 March 2019. • Source attribution of human campylobacteriosis cases sampled from these two regions over the study period by modelling of multilocus sequence typing data of Campylobacter jejuni and C. coli isolates from faecal samples of notified human cases and relevant sources (poultry, cattle, sheep). RESULTS: Most cases (84%) were infected with strains attributed to a poultry source, while 14% were attributed to a cattle source. Approximately 90% of urban campylobacteriosis cases were attributed to poultry sources, compared to almost 75% of rural cases. Poultry consumption per se was not identified as a significant risk factor. However specific risk factors related to poultry meat preparation and consumption did result in statistically significantly elevated odds ratios. CONCLUSIONS: The overall findings combining source attribution and analysis of specific risk factors indicate that poultry meat remains a dominant pathway for exposure and infection.


Assuntos
Infecções por Campylobacter/epidemiologia , Campylobacter jejuni/isolamento & purificação , Carne/microbiologia , Aves Domésticas/microbiologia , Idoso , Animais , Técnicas de Tipagem Bacteriana , Infecções por Campylobacter/microbiologia , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Bovinos , Fezes/microbiologia , Feminino , Inocuidade dos Alimentos , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , Tipagem de Sequências Multilocus , Nova Zelândia/epidemiologia , Fatores de Risco , População Rural , Ovinos , População Urbana
4.
Rev Sci Tech ; 25(2): 837-48, 2006 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17094715

RESUMO

Both national Veterinary Services and international standard-setting organisations have now embraced risk assessment as an essential tool for achieving their goals. Veterinarians have key roles in all aspects of the control of food-borne hazards of animal origin, but additional specialist skills are necessary for assessing, managing and communicating risk. Further, the deployment of Veterinary Services must reflect the multi-functional aspects of public and animal health activities. A generic risk management framework provides a systematic process whereby food safety standards and other measures are chosen and implemented on the basis of knowledge of risk and evaluation of other factors relevant to protecting human health and promoting non-discriminatory trade practices. In this context, a number of countries are exploring new administrative and structural arrangements for competent authorities. The traditional focus of veterinary involvement in food safety has been in meat hygiene at the level of the slaughterhouse. While this role continues, the emerging 'risk-based' approach to food control requires increased involvement in other segments of the meat food chain, as well as other areas such as production of milk and fish. This more extensive role requires a wider skill base and establishment of effective networks with a different range of stakeholders.


Assuntos
Qualidade de Produtos para o Consumidor , Contaminação de Alimentos/prevenção & controle , Abastecimento de Alimentos/normas , Legislação Veterinária , Medicina Veterinária/normas , Bem-Estar do Animal/normas , Animais , Humanos , Saúde Pública , Medição de Risco , Gestão de Riscos , Medicina Veterinária/métodos
5.
J Med Microbiol ; 13(3): 477-81, 1980 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-7411589

RESUMO

Leptospira interrogans serovar balcanica was haemolytic for washed human, cattle, sheep and possum red blood cells (RBC); serovar hardjo was non-haemolytic. A test for haemolysis may prove useful in the preliminary differentiation of balcanica and hardjo isolates. Balcanica was non-haemolytic for unwashed RBC from human and bovine donors whose serum contained Hebdomadis serogroup antibody. Haemolytic activity tended to disappear with repeated subculture of balcanica.


Assuntos
Hemólise , Leptospira interrogans/classificação , Animais , Bovinos , Humanos , Gambás , Sorotipagem , Ovinos
6.
Int J Food Microbiol ; 36(2-3): 127-33, 1997 May 20.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-9217101

RESUMO

The recent ratification of the World Trade Organisation Agreement will arguably be the most important factor in developing new sanitary measures for the international trade in food over the next decade. There is a markedly increased desire for quantitative data on the microbial risks associated with different classes of foods, and traditional good manufacturing practice (GMP)-based food hygiene requirements are coming under increasing challenge. As the risk assessment paradigm is increasing applied and as decision-making criteria for risk management become established, more emphasis will be placed on predictive microbiology as a means of generating exposure data and establishing critical limits for Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP) plans. In this respect, developing international guidelines for risk management arguably presents the greatest challenge in establishing and maintaining quantitative Sanitary and Phytosanitary (SP) measures for food in international trade, and for judging their equivalence. Where specific industry sectors and regulators do not have jurisdiction over the entire food chain, from production of raw materials through to consumption, it will be difficult to apply the risk assessment paradigm in the design of HACCP plans. Thus, it appears that default to food safety objectives for many segments of food production chains subject to application of HACCP plans is inevitable in the medium term.


Assuntos
Microbiologia de Alimentos , Medição de Risco , Humanos , Gestão de Riscos
7.
Res Vet Sci ; 31(2): 169-73, 1981 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-7323462

RESUMO

A total of 597 pigs were examined for serological and bacteriological evidence of leptospiral infection. The sample comprised 189 porkers, 205 baconers and 203 sows. Sera were tested against 17 antigens from 16 serogroups and the overall prevalence of titres was 15.7 per cent. The lowest prevalence of titres was found in porkers (10.0 per cent). The highest prevalence of titres to an individual antigen was recorded with bratislava, a member of the Australis serogroup, with 12.2 per cent of pigs positive. Copenhageni titres were present in 1.8 per cent of the sera and sporadic titres were recorded to various other antigens. Leptospires were isolated from five pigs. Four isolates were identified as belonging to the Icterohaemorrhagiae serogroup and one to the Hebdomadis serogroup. The serological to bacteriological ratio for the Icterohaemorrhagiae serogroup was 11:4. The virtual absence of titres to pomona and tarassovi, the two serovars most commonly maintained by porcine populations in other countries, confirms the results of earlier serological surveys.


Assuntos
Leptospirose/veterinária , Doenças dos Suínos/imunologia , Animais , Anticorpos Antibacterianos/análise , Inglaterra , Rim/microbiologia , Leptospira/imunologia , Leptospira interrogans/imunologia , Leptospira interrogans/isolamento & purificação , Leptospira interrogans serovar canicola/imunologia , Leptospirose/imunologia , Leptospirose/microbiologia , Suínos , Doenças dos Suínos/microbiologia
8.
Res Vet Sci ; 34(1): 82-9, 1983 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-6836184

RESUMO

A laboratory mouse model was used to investigate the criteria that have been suggested as differentiating between a maintenance host and an accidental host for a particular leptospiral serovar. The comparative studies were conducted with serovars ballum, pomona, balcanica and hardjo. The relative pathological response, ratio of serological to bacteriological prevalence, level of serological response, age-susceptibility to infection and demonstration of artificial intraspecies transmission were found to be inadequate criteria with which to differentiate maintenance and accidental hosts for a particular serovar. The demonstration of natural intraspecies transmission was considered to be the definitive criterion for differentiating such hosts. In the light of the results obtained from the laboratory mouse model and the results obtained from field studies, a maintenance host may be defined as an animal which is capable of acting as a natural source of leptospiral infection for its own species. A maintenance population may be defined as a population of a species of animal which acts as a continuous reservoir of a serovar in a specific ecosystem.


Assuntos
Modelos Animais de Doenças , Reservatórios de Doenças , Leptospirose/veterinária , Camundongos/parasitologia , Doenças dos Roedores/transmissão , Fatores Etários , Animais , Feminino , Interações Hospedeiro-Parasita , Leptospira/patogenicidade , Leptospirose/parasitologia , Leptospirose/transmissão , Masculino , Doenças dos Roedores/parasitologia
9.
Res Vet Sci ; 32(3): 387-8, 1982 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-7100658

RESUMO

A total of 272 house mice (Mus musculus) were trapped in farm buildings at four widely separated locations of south east England and examined for serological and bacteriological evidence of leptospiral infection. Only two low titres to autumnalis antigen (1:20 and 1:40) were recorded and all mice were bacteriologically negative. The absence of leptospiral infection in the house mouse in south east England is an interesting ecological finding, as this species is a maintenance host for ballum in many countries and also a common carrier of several other serovars. The source of ballum infections in domestic stock in England remains unknown.


Assuntos
Leptospira/isolamento & purificação , Camundongos/microbiologia , Animais , Anticorpos Antibacterianos/análise , Inglaterra , Rim/microbiologia , Leptospira/imunologia , Camundongos/imunologia
10.
Res Vet Sci ; 39(2): 145-50, 1985 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-2999927

RESUMO

The serological classification of all reference strains that have been described as representing separate serovars of Leptospira interrogans within the Pomona serogroup was investigated using cross-agglutination absorption and bacterial restriction endonuclease analysis (BRENDA). Comparative cross-agglutination absorption studies indicated that cornelli CB, monjakov Monjakov and kennewicki LT1026 were homologous with pomona Pomona, and dania K1 and tsaratsova B81/7 were homologous with mozdok 5621. BRENDA confirmed these results, except that pomona Pomona and monjakov Monjakov showed a difference in the high molecular weight region. It is proposed that four serovars be currently recognised within the Pomona serogroup: pomona, mozdok, proechimys and tropica. The relative merits of the use of cross-agglutination absorption and BRENDA with respect to identification of Pomona serogroup isolates are discussed.


Assuntos
DNA Bacteriano/análise , Leptospira/classificação , Testes de Aglutinação , Animais , Enzimas de Restrição do DNA , Leptospira/análise , Leptospira/imunologia , Coelhos
11.
Res Vet Sci ; 39(2): 151-6, 1985 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-2999928

RESUMO

Five strains of Leptospira interrogans isolated in the United Kingdom and belonging to the Pomona serogroup were subjected to cross-agglutination absorption and bacterial restriction endonuclease DNA analysis (BRENDA) for their identification. British isolates were compared with reference strains representing the known serovars in the Pomona serogroup and also with isolates of the Pomona serogroup obtained from other countries. Three strains isolated from wildlife in England produced equivocal results when the cross-agglutination absorption and BRENDA results were compared. According to the World Health Organisation definition of a serovar the three English strains represented two new serovars, whereas by BRENDA all three had DNA electrophoresis patterns indistinguishable from serovar mozdok. Serovar pomona has not as yet been isolated in Great Britain and the epidemiology of the Pomona serogroup infections that have been detected by serology suggests that a serovar such as mozdok, maintained by wildlife, may be the causal agent. Two strains isolated in Northern Ireland were identified as pomona by the cross-agglutination absorption test. Further studies are needed to investigate the homogeneity of field and reference strains that are designated as pomona using the cross-agglutination absorption test.


Assuntos
Leptospira/isolamento & purificação , Testes de Aglutinação , Animais , Enzimas de Restrição do DNA , DNA Bacteriano/análise , Leptospira/análise , Leptospira/imunologia , Reino Unido
12.
Res Vet Sci ; 35(1): 64-8, 1983 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-6622847

RESUMO

Eighteen isolates from the Australis serogroup from free-living and domestic animals were identified using the cross agglutination absorption test. Serovar muenchen was found only in England and Wales in wood mice, short tailed and bank voles, a grey squirrel and a pig. Serovar bratislava was found in hedgehogs in England, Wales and Northern Ireland and also in a brown rat from Northern Ireland. Serovar bratislava was isolated from sheep in both England and Northern Ireland and from horses in Northern Ireland. The distribution of these serovars in relation to possible maintenance hosts is discussed.


Assuntos
Grupos de População Animal/microbiologia , Animais Domésticos/microbiologia , Animais Selvagens/microbiologia , Leptospira/classificação , Testes de Aglutinação/veterinária , Animais , Sorotipagem/veterinária , Reino Unido
13.
Rev Sci Tech ; 12(4): 1265-90, 1993 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-8312624

RESUMO

Meat hygiene consists of three major activities: post-mortem inspection; monitoring and surveillance for chemical hazards; and maintenance of good hygienic practice throughout all stages between slaughter and consumption of meat. Risk analysis is an applied science of increasing importance to these activities in the following areas: facilitating the distribution of pre-harvest, harvest and post-harvest inspection resources, proportional to the likelihood of public health and animal health hazards; establishing internationally-harmonized standards and specifications which are consistent and science-based; and improving the safety and wholesomeness of meat and meat products in local and international trade. Risk analysis, in one form or another, is well developed with respect to establishing standards and specifications for chemical hazards; methods for risk analysis of post-mortem meat inspection programmes are beginning to emerge. However, risk analysis of microbiological hazards in meat and meat products presents particular difficulties. All areas of application currently suffer from a lack of international agreement on risk assessment and risk management methodology.


Assuntos
Contaminação de Alimentos , Inspeção de Alimentos , Microbiologia de Alimentos , Saúde Global , Carne/normas , Animais , Resíduos de Drogas/análise , Inspeção de Alimentos/normas , Humanos , Cooperação Internacional , Carne/microbiologia , Produtos da Carne/microbiologia , Produtos da Carne/normas , Fatores de Risco
14.
Rev Sci Tech ; 10(1): 215-31, 1991 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-1760575

RESUMO

The newly emerging discipline of quantitative risk assessment has wide application in the field of veterinary public health and animal health. Regulatory authorities are increasingly faced with public policy decisions that must assess the risks of new technology or practices relative to the potential benefits, thereby establishing a level of acceptable risk. The elements of risk are a choice of action, a probability of loss and a magnitude of loss. Perceived risk and actual risk are seldom equivalent; adoption of the methodologies used in technological and human health risk assessments will allow veterinary regulators to make better decisions. Determination of levels of acceptable risk are increasingly dependent on quantitative models, and examples are presented for evaluation of different post-mortem meat inspection systems, estimating disease risks associated with animal embryo transfer and formulating national border protection strategies. All models have some degree of subjectivity, and the decisions made by regulators and risk managers should incorporate a wide knowledge of the risk assessment process, as well as the conditions of use that will occur in the real world.


Assuntos
Animais Domésticos , Saúde Pública/métodos , Medicina Veterinária/métodos , Animais , Fatores de Risco
15.
Rev Sci Tech ; 16(2): 382-90, 1997 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-9501351

RESUMO

Beef production in New Zealand has characteristics typical of a temperate climate and pasture-based animal husbandry. The specific pathogens which may contaminate fresh beef and which are empirically considered to be of public health importance are similar to those in other countries with temperate climates, i.e. Salmonella, Campylobacter, Escherichia coli O157:H7, Listeria monocytogenes and Toxoplasma gondii. With the exception of T. gondii, it is likely that almost all transmission of these hazards through consumption of beef results from unseen microbial cross-contamination from gastrointestinal sources during slaughter, dressing and further processing. Gaining comprehensive information on carcass contamination levels is an essential first step in establishing food safety objectives for a particular beef production system, and in designing risk-based hazard analysis and critical control point (HACCP) plans. It is likely that the lower mean and maximum numbers of indicator micro-organisms on New Zealand carcasses (when compared with other countries) are in part due to the pre-slaughter cleanliness status of cattle reared under temperate, pasture conditions. Similarly, the failure to detect specific pathogens of gastrointestinal origin in a comprehensive baseline survey most probably reflects the limited pathway for faecal contamination during slaughter and dressing under processing conditions in New Zealand. The New Zealand example provides strong evidence for the need to design HACCP plans according to the specific national (or regional) situation. Reducing all pathways for faecal contamination of products to the maximum extent practicable will be the most important factor in achieving desired food safety objectives for fresh beef. Variable densities of microbial pathogens in gastrointestinal contents are also likely to have a significant effect on subsequent contamination levels of beef carcasses: however, effective controls for limiting the presence of most pathogens of concern in the live animal have yet to be identified.


Assuntos
Criação de Animais Domésticos/normas , Microbiologia de Alimentos , Parasitologia de Alimentos , Doenças Transmitidas por Alimentos/prevenção & controle , Carne/normas , Criação de Animais Domésticos/métodos , Animais , Bovinos , Escherichia coli O157/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Escherichia coli O157/isolamento & purificação , Humanos , Listeria monocytogenes/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Listeria monocytogenes/isolamento & purificação , Carne/microbiologia , Carne/parasitologia , Nova Zelândia , Medição de Risco , Salmonella/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Salmonella/isolamento & purificação , Taenia/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Taenia/isolamento & purificação , Toxoplasma/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Toxoplasma/isolamento & purificação
16.
Environ Toxicol Pharmacol ; 5(4): 227-36, 1998 Jun 02.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21781869

RESUMO

Internationally acceptable norms need to incorporate sound science and consistent risk management principles in an open and transparent manner, as set out in the Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures (the SPS Agreement). The process of risk analysis provides a procedure to reach these goals. The interaction between risk assessors and risk managers is considered vital to this procedure. This paper reports the outcome of a meeting of risk assessors and risk managers on specific aspects of risk analysis and its application to international standard setting for food additives and contaminants. Case studies on aflatoxins and aspartame were used to identify the key steps of the interaction process which ensure scientific justification for risk management decisions. A series of recommendations were proposed in order to enhance the scientific transparency in these critical phases of the standard setting procedure.

17.
Meat Sci ; 38(1): 81-90, 1994.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22059610

RESUMO

The performance of three pre-evisceration wash regimes applied to the forequarters of ovine carcasses in an inverted dressing system was assessed. Washing regimes consisted of a high-pressure jet wash, a low-pressure sluice wash, and both washes applied in series. Visible contamination incidences prior to the wash were between 64 and 71% at the carcass level; wool was the predominant contaminant, while faecal material and ingesta were rare. All wash regimes reduced the incidence of carcass contamination by 62·8 to 70·5%, primarily through the removal of wool. A secondary effect was the redistribution of some wool from other areas of the forequarter to the inside leg. The sluice wash was superior to the jet wash in removing visible contamination. Bacterial numbers ranged from 3·64 to 4·03 log(10)CFU/cm(2) prior to washing and were reduced to between 3·24 and 3·75 log(10)CFU/cm(2) immediately after the pre-evisceration wash; the three wash regimes performed in an equivalent, but commercially non-significant manner. Further reductions of between 0·20 and 0·58 log(10)CFU/cm(2) were effected by post-dressing events, including 12 h chilling. The low-pressure wash performance was considered superior to that of the jet wash, and no further improvement in carcass quality was demonstrated by the use of both washes in series.

18.
J Wildl Dis ; 14(3): 345-50, 1978 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-691129

RESUMO

In a serologic and cultural survey of 127 brush-tailed possums (Trichosurus vulpecula) occupying pasture land in New Zealand, leptospires of the Hebdomadis serogroup were obtained from 48 (38%) of the animals sampled. Eight isolates were identified by cross-absorption agglutin ation studies as being Leptospira interrogans serovar balcanica. There was a marked age difference in prevalence with 41 positive cultures from 64 mature adults (64%) and no recoveries being made from juveniles. Isolation of leptospires was aided by the use of a new technique involving the homogenation of whole kidneys in gamma sterilized plastic bags in a "Coleworth Stomacher". The use of this apparatus allowed the processing of whole kidneys and the technique was efficient in both the recovery of leptospires and the prevention of contamination. In view of the fact that serovar balcanica has been recorded previously only in East Europe in man, cattle and pigs, the high prevalence of infection in a wild animal population in New Zealand is an interesting development in the world distribution of this serovar.


Assuntos
Anticorpos Antibacterianos/análise , Leptospira interrogans/imunologia , Leptospirose/veterinária , Gambás/imunologia , Animais , Feminino , Rim/microbiologia , Leptospira interrogans/isolamento & purificação , Leptospirose/imunologia , Leptospirose/microbiologia , Masculino , Nova Zelândia
19.
J Wildl Dis ; 17(4): 489-96, 1981 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-7338970

RESUMO

A total of 1296 free-living mammals and birds of 12 species was examined for serologic and bacteriologic evidence of leptospiral infection. Endemic infection with serovar ballum was found in several introduced species of mammals. Endemic ballum infection is not recognized in the same species in Great Britain, their country of origin. Possums (Trichosurus vulpecula) were found to have a high prevalence of infection with balcanica, a serovar that has been isolated from possums in Australia and from cattle, pigs and humans in Eastern Europe. Free-living lagomorphs and deer were both serologically and bacteriologically negative. Waterfowl were bacteriologically negative, and only one serological titre was found.


Assuntos
Grupos de População Animal , Animais Selvagens , Leptospirose/veterinária , Animais , Doenças das Aves/epidemiologia , Aves , Leptospirose/epidemiologia , Muridae , Nova Zelândia , Gambás , Ratos , Doenças dos Roedores/epidemiologia
20.
J Am Vet Med Assoc ; 196(6): 860-4, 1990 Mar 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-2179178

RESUMO

A risk assessment model was used to evaluate 4 meat inspection procedures for routine detection of Thysanosoma actinioides, a tapeworm that commonly infests the bile duct system of adult sheep in the United States. The overall sensitivities of different procedures ranged from 11.96 to 58.70%, and the nondetection rates per 1,000 viscera sets that passed inspection ranged from 38 to 77. On the basis of performance attributes for each procedure produced by the risk assessment model, the consumer was exposed to an aesthetic defect that was in 9 to 17 of every 1,000 livers passed for human consumption. The amount of wastage was also identified (3 to 39 livers/1,000 passed). Viewing of the incision site of the common hepatic duct was the most preferable routine inspection procedure, and matched pair analysis revealed that there was no additional benefit in combining this procedure with routine expression of a portion of bile from the gallbladder.


Assuntos
Infecções por Cestoides/veterinária , Inspeção de Alimentos/métodos , Vesícula Biliar/parasitologia , Doenças dos Ovinos/epidemiologia , Animais , Ductos Biliares/parasitologia , Infecções por Cestoides/diagnóstico , Infecções por Cestoides/epidemiologia , Carne , Risco , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Ovinos , Doenças dos Ovinos/diagnóstico
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