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Nature ; 478(7370): 476-82, 2011 Oct 12.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21993624

RESUMO

The comparison of related genomes has emerged as a powerful lens for genome interpretation. Here we report the sequencing and comparative analysis of 29 eutherian genomes. We confirm that at least 5.5% of the human genome has undergone purifying selection, and locate constrained elements covering ∼4.2% of the genome. We use evolutionary signatures and comparisons with experimental data sets to suggest candidate functions for ∼60% of constrained bases. These elements reveal a small number of new coding exons, candidate stop codon readthrough events and over 10,000 regions of overlapping synonymous constraint within protein-coding exons. We find 220 candidate RNA structural families, and nearly a million elements overlapping potential promoter, enhancer and insulator regions. We report specific amino acid residues that have undergone positive selection, 280,000 non-coding elements exapted from mobile elements and more than 1,000 primate- and human-accelerated elements. Overlap with disease-associated variants indicates that our findings will be relevant for studies of human biology, health and disease.


Assuntos
Evolução Molecular , Genoma Humano/genética , Genoma/genética , Mamíferos/genética , Animais , Doença , Éxons/genética , Genômica , Saúde , Humanos , Anotação de Sequência Molecular , Filogenia , RNA/classificação , RNA/genética , Seleção Genética/genética , Alinhamento de Sequência , Análise de Sequência de DNA
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