Multimodality imaging of aortic coarctation: From the fetus to the adolescent.

Aortic coarctation is a local narrowing of the aortic lumen, which is located at the level of the isthmus in 95% of patients. Aortic coarctation accounts for 5 to 8% of all congenital heart diseases. It may have an acute presentation in the form of heart failure in the neonate or may be discovered incidentally in adult because of severe treatment-resistant hypertension. Ultrasound may reveal the presence of aortic coarctation during the antenatal period. In this situation, associated abnormalities should be investigated (including karyotype), because they influence prognosis and indicates whether or not the birth should occur in a center with pediatric cardiology expertise. Postnatally, ultrasound and chest radiography are the basic imaging work-up. Computed tomography is often the second line imaging investigation in infants and young children for whom magnetic resonance imaging fails to confirm the diagnosis. Magnetic resonance imaging with cardiac synchronization is the preferred imaging tool in the post-treatment period. Aortic coarctation may be treated surgically or by endovascular techniques. Potential complications should be searched for using ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging.

Cardiac CT or MRI in pediatric practice: Which one to choose?

The different factors involved in the choice of the best cardiovascular imaging examination for pediatric patients are justification, radiation protection, sedation, resolutions (spatial and contrast), morphology or function, intervention and contrast enhancement. Computed tomography is preferable for all coronary artery conditions, any arterial or venous abnormalities in newborns and infants and in the preoperative assessment for tetralogy of Fallot. Magnetic resonance imaging is used for any tumoral or functional assessment, cardiomyopathy or arrhythmia or if the child's participation and/or size of the structures being examined allows using this technique.