Concentrations of Gaseous Transmitters during Catecholamine Damage to the Myocardium in Rats.

Gaseous transmitters were assayed in rat blood during catecholamine-induced damage to the heart. Hypercatecholaminemia was modeled by single subcutaneous injection of 0.1% epinephrine hydrochloride in a dose of 2 mg/kg. The blood concentrations of NO, H2S, and CO were measured. The catecholamine-induced damage to the myocardium resulted in phasic changes in the blood levels of gaseous transmitters: CO concentration increased in 1 h, H2S increased in 24 h, and NO concentration increased in 72 h after injection.

The structure and catalytic properties of Rh-doped CeO2 catalysts.

The average structure and the local structure of nanocrystalline Rh-doped CeO2 catalysts, prepared using a co-precipitation method, were studied using a set of structural (PDF, HRTEM, XRD) and spectral (XPS, Raman spectroscopy) methods. The samples with Rh content less than 10 wt%, calcined at 450 °C, were homogeneous solid solutions. A comparison of the experimental results and Pair distribution function (PDF) modeling data showed that Rh3+ substitutes Ce4+ ions in the fluorite phase. Charge equilibrium is obtained by the oxygen vacancy for each Rh3+ cation introduced into the ceria cell. The solid solution demonstrated high catalytic activity in low-temperature CO oxidation (LTO CO). The solid solutions were stable only in a nanocrystalline state and decomposed upon thermal treatment. The calcination of the solid solution at T > 450 °C results in a decrease in the catalytic activity that is accompanied by Rh association in the subsurface area and strong distortion of the anionic subcell. At T = 800 °C α-Rh2O3 nanoparticles are formed on the surface of the fluorite phase. The XRD-detectable Rh oxide phases are formed after calcination at 1000 °C. However, some parts of Rh within the subsurface RhxCe1-xO2-δ solid solution remain and they preserve catalytic properties for low-temperature oxidation.

[ag1 Is Required for the Fin Regeneration in Danio rerio].

In the current research, we have demonstrated that Ag1 protein is necessary for the fin regeneration in the fish Danio rerio. Robust activation of gene ag1 expression in cells of the wound epithelium is observed after caudal fin amputation. Besides, inhibition of translation of ag1 mRNA leads to retardation of the caudal tail fin regeneration. Results of our research are important because only lower vertebrates (fish and amphibians) with good regenerative capacity have ag1, whereas this gene is missing in higher vertebrates, which are not capable to effectively regenerate limbs. Our data confirm that reduction of the regenerative abilities in higher vertebrates, including human, could be explained by extinction of some genes essential for the regeneration, in particular, of ag1.

Changes in the Mother-Placenta-Fetus System Under the Effect of α-Tocopherol in Albino Rats with Normal Pregnancy.

The effects of α-tocopherol on the function of the mother-placenta-fetus system and structural changes in the placenta in normal pregnancy were studied in albino rats. The results indicated that inhibition of free radical processes by injections of α-tocopherol in normal pregnancy led to disorders in the feto-maternal circulation, which was proven by morphological changes in the placenta. The disorders in the uteroplacental circulation manifested in the development of small-for-date fetuses and erythrocytosis.

[INFLUENCE OF NITRIC OXIDE AND ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL ON STRUCTURAL CHANGES IN PLACENTA DURING VIOLATION OF UTEROPLACENTAL CIRCULATION IN WHITE RATS].

We have studied the effect of nitric oxide and alpha-tocopherol on morphological changes in the placenta of white rats during pregnancy complicated by disorders of the uterine and placental circulation. Violation of the uteroplacental circulation was reproduced by the method of M. M. Vartanova (1984). In white rats with violated uteroplacental blood circulation, the use of L-arginine methyl ester compensates for disturbances of the fetoplacental blood flow. It is established that an increase in nitric oxide and the inhibition of free radical processes in the placenta of experimental animals under conditions of artificially created pathology of pregnancy belong to pathogenetic rather than sanogenetic factors.

The local structure of Pd(x)Ce(1-x)O(2-x-δ) solid solutions.

PdxCe1-xO2-x-δ solid solutions, which are highly efficient catalysts for the low-temperature oxidation of carbon monoxide, were examined using a set of structural (XRD-PDF, HRTEM, XRD) and spectral (XPS, Raman spectroscopy) methods in combination with quantum-chemical calculations. A comparison of the experimental results and pair distribution function (PDF) modeling data enabled reliable verification of the model of non-isomorphic substitution of Ce(4+) ions by Pd(2+) ions in PdxCe1-xO2-x-δ solid solutions. Palladium ions were shown to be in a near square planar environment with C4v symmetry, which is typical for Pd(2+) ions. Such a near square planar environment was revealed by Raman spectroscopy due to the appearance of the band at ω = 187 cm(-1), which corresponds to the A1 vibrational mode of Pd(2+) ions in [PdO4] subunits. The binding energy of Pd3d5/2 (Eb(Pd3d5/2)) for the Pd(2+) ion in the CeO2 lattice is 1 eV higher than that of Eb(Pd3d5/2) for PdO oxide due to a decrease in the Pd-O distances and the formation of more ionic bonds because of the displacement of Pd(2+) ions with respect to the position of Ce(4+) ions in the fluorite structure. Five structural models of solid solutions are considered in this work. As demonstrated by the DFT calculations, the most realistic model is based on the displacement of palladium ions leading to a near square planar PdO4 environment, which includes water molecules stabilizing the region of anion vacancies in their dissociated state as two hydroxyl groups. The introduction of water molecules in the composition of the PdxCe1-xO2-x-δ solution leads to a decrease in the formation energy and to additional stabilization of palladium in the CeO2 matrix. The formation of PdxCe1-xO2-x-δ solid solutions is accompanied by the dispersing effect caused by distortions of the fluorite structure induced by Pd(2+) ions. The coprecipitation method, which allows Pd(2+) ions to be introduced at the stage of fluorite structure formation, was demonstrated to be the optimal method for the synthesis of a homogeneous PdxCe1-xO2-x-δ solid solution.

[Effect of nitric oxide on the morphology of the placenta and the activity of placental macrophages during uncomplicated pregnancy in the experiment].

OBJECTIVE: To study the effects of nitric oxide (NO) on the morphology of the placenta and the activity of placental macrophages during uncomplicated pregnancy in albino rats. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The animals were divided into 3 groups. Group included animals with uncomplicated pregnancy; Group 2 was given drinking water containing 0.2% sodium nitrate on day 1 of pregnancy; Group 3 was intramuscularly injected with the NO synthesis inhibitor Nw-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) in a dose of 10 mg/kg on day 1 of pregnancy. The central portion of hematoxylin- and eosin-stained placentas was morphologically examined. The activity of placental macrophages was assessed by incubating them with autologous erythrocytes. RESULTS: Pathological examinations of the placentas reveal that when sodium nitrite and L-NAME enter the animal body, structural changes in the placental show that there are maternal and placental circulatory disorders concurrent with dystrophic and destructive processes. CONCLUSION: The activity of placental macrophages in the examined groups is diametrically opposite.

Effect of antioxidants and nitric oxide on activity of peritoneal macrophages in albino rats during normal pregnancy.

We compared activity of peritoneal macrophages in rats during normal pregnancy and under the action of NO-synthase inhibitor L-NAME, of E. coli LPS, SOD, and α-tocopherol analogue trolox. In non-pregnant rats, E. coli LPS stimulated peritoneal macrophages, while L-NAME produced a dose-dependent effect. During pregnancy, E. coli LPS activated phagocytosis, while antioxidants trolox, SOD, and L-NAME produced an inhibitory effect.

Effect of nitric oxide on physical development and erythropoiesis in the offspring of rats with impaired uteroplacental circulation.

We evaluated physical development and activity of erythropoiesis in the offspring of rats with experimentally impaired uteroplacental circulation as well as the effect of exogenous nitric oxide donator used during pregnancy, on offspring development. Exogenous NO producing an anti-hypoxic effects contributes to the increase in somatometric parameters of the offspring on postnatal days 15 and 30. The rates of erythropoiesis in the liver and bone marrow did not differ from the normal; hemopoietic organs were not overstrained, which prevented exhaustion and failure of functional reserves of the erythrocyte system.

[Nitric oxide production at pregnant rats and feature postnatal systemogenesis at their posterity developing at insufficiency of disturbance of utero-placental blood circulation].

Disturbance of uteroplacental circulation at white rats considerably reduces percent of survival rate of posterity. Hyperfunction of erythrocyte system and NO-dependent mechanisms of regulation in the first days of pups' life results in an exhaustion of their functional reserves.

[Morphometrical parameters of placenta and condition of NO-dependent mechanisms in fetuses during normal pregnancy and with damages of uteroplacental blood circulation at white rats].

The purpose of paper is an estimation of morphometric parameters and status of NO-dependent mechanisms of embryos placenta of white rats in normal conditions, experimental disturbance of the utero-placental circulation and after the nitric oxide donator "Deponit-10" using. The volume density of blood vessels in the placenta and placental vascular exchange area significantly increases under chronic intrauterine hypoxia. The donator of nitric oxide has a positive effect on morphometric parameters of the placenta, provides effective adaptation of feto-placental blood flow to hypoxia and could be useful for clinical practice.

[The role of nitric oxide in regulation of the erythrocyte system state in rat offspring with chronic disturbance of uteroplacental blood circulation].

The effect of exogenous nitric oxide donor deponit-10 (nitroglycerin) on red cell indices in the offspring of rats with experimental disturbances of uteroplacental circulation has been investigated. It is established that fetal hypoxia facilitates the mobilization of functional reserves of the red cell system in the prenatal and early days of postnatal life of offspring in white rats, which is manifested by the growing process of erythropoiesis. Hyperfunction of the erythrocyte system in the first lifedays of pups leads eventually to a depletion of its functional capacities. The administration of an exogenous nitric oxide donor on the background of damaged uteroplacental circulation prevents the depletion and disruption of the functional reserves of the blood red cell system.

[Role of NO-dependent mechanisms at normal prenansy and on background of disturbance of utero placental blood circulation of white rats].

Condition of NO-dependent mechanisms, free-radical processes and calcium level in normal and on background of disturbance of uteroplacental circulation of white rats is studied. At normal pregnancy at animals activity of NO-dependent mechanisms increases, free radical processes are activated, hypocalcemia is appeared. Being injected of antagonist NO (10 mg/kg) and disturbance of uteroplacental circulation similar changes in the form of reducing of a level of nitrites, activation of free radical processes and hypercalcemia are observed. At the combined pathology synthesis of NO and nitrothyrosine increases, that in such conditions plays the protective role, providing adaptation of disturbance of uteroplacental circulation for needs of a fetus.

[Effect of alpha-tocopherol on activity of free-radical processes and erythron in a rat fetus with chronic nitrite intoxication].

The condition of erythron and the activity of free-radical processes in fetuses of rats with chronic nitrite intoxication were studied and the effects of alpha-tocopherol injection (150 mg/kg, i.m.) were evaluated. A long-term introduction of nitrites (0.2% solution of sodium nitrite, p.o.) led to an increase in the erythrocyte count, hemoglobin content, and free radical concentration and a decrease in the antioxidant potential. The injection of alpha-tocopherol on the background of nitrite intoxication made these negative changes less expressed than in the case of separate administration of sodium nitrite. The amount of free radicals in the blood serum of fetuses of rats treated with alpha-tocopherol decreased, while the activity of the antioxidant system increased.

[Changes in the red blood cell system and in the activity of free radical processes in rats during chronic nitrite intoxication and alpha-tocopherol administration].

The red blood cell system and the activity of free radical processes were studied in pregnant rats during chronic nitrite intoxication (oral 0.2% sodium nitrite solution) and during alpha-tocopherol administration (in an intramuscular dose of 150 mg/kg). In intact pregnant rats, alpha-tocopherol decreased the activity of free radical processes and increased the antioxidant potential. Its administration to pregnant rats with nitrite intoxication prevents the elevated concentration of hemoglobin, considerably decreases the activity of free radical processes, and increases the antioxidant activity of serum.

[Antiradiation effects of vaccine Grippol].

The propose of these examination was the study of antiradiation effects of vaccine Grippol (VG). It was determined, that subcutaneous injection VG mice (0.2 ml), hamsters (0.2 ml), dogs (0.5 ml) before 1-14 days of total gamma-irradiation (2.5-8.5 Gy) had positive effect of acute radiation disease. This effect was expressed in increase of survival the mice and hamsters on 30-60%, increase number cells in bone marrow and neutrophiles, erythrocytes, lymphocytes and hemoglobin in blood by comparison with control mice. VG stimulated increase of contents of leucocytes in blood of irradiated (2.5 Gy) dogs.

[Free radical processes and erythron in pregnant rats and their fetuses in chronic nitrite intoxication].

The purpose of the investigation was to study changes in the intensity of induced chemiluminescence of serum and erythrocytes, as well as the erythrocytic system in pregnant rats and fetuses in chronic nitrite intoxication. In nitrite-intoxicated pregnant rats, the level of erythropenia was less than that in intact pregnant rats, fetuses being observed to have stimulated erythropoiesis. In intact pregnant animals, the intensity of induced chemiluminescence on day 20 was higher than the baseline and throughout the follow-up in nitrite-intoxicated adult animals and fetuses.

[Protective role of cobalt complexes of porphyrin and phthalocyanine in acute nitrite intoxication and endotoxic shock in an experiment].

There is currently an active search for effective agents to regulate the content of nitric oxide (NO) in the body. One of the ways of reducing its blood concentration may be the binding of NO by different complexions that comprise the metal complexes of porphyrins and phthalocyanines. The study was undertaken to evaluate the protective effect of synthetic metal complexes of porphyrin and phthalocyanine in acute nitrite intoxication and endotoxic shock. The findings suggest that both study samples of the synthetic metal complexes have not prevented hemolytic anemia in acute nitrite intoxication and endotoxic shock; however, they have shown potential sorption properties against nitrate ions in the blood and brain of experimental animals, which may be the subject of a further study.

[Impact of prolonged nitrite intoxication on the erythrocytic system of pregnant rats and their progeny].

Pregnant rats with nitrite intoxication have less erythropenia than those without this intoxication. Under the influence of sodium nitrite, fetuses have stimulated erythropoiesis. These changes preserve in one-day rats. By the 21st day of life, there is erythropenia due to the exhaustion of erythropoietic reserves.

[Smoking affects metal-ecotoxicant accumulation and genotoxic reactions in leukocytes].

The investigation was concerned with the influence of smoking on manganese (Mn), lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) content in the blood of metropolitan groups of varying age as well as on genotoxic reactions in leukocytes after test irradiation ex vivo. The study involved 325 inhabitants of St.Petersburg, aged 10-90 years. Venous blood was assayed for metal ecotoxicant content using standard AAS-flame method and DNA leukocyte decay following test irradiation (2Gy) ex vivo. Aging was shown to involve a sequence of consistently rising metal levels: Cd - Mn Pb. Relative accumulation of Pb was greater in males while that of Mn - in females. The rates of Cd, Mn, Pb accumulation in smokers were higher than in non-smokers. Smoking promoted genotoxic response to testing exposure which induced Cd-related disturbances of DHA repair system in males. Among smoking females, risk of adverse effects rose as a result of concurrent action of the genotoxic factor. It was also evident among female non-smokers when radiation was used in conjunction with enhanced concentrations of Mn and Cd. Hence, correlations between smoking and Cd, Mn, Pb accumulation, on the one hand, and Cd-related accumulation and enhanced genotoxic response in leukocytes, on the other, were established. It is likely that carcinogenic risk of tobacco smoking should be accounted for by both mere presence of a carcinogenic agent and its potential to promote Cd level thus inhibiting withdrawal of carcinogenic DNA adducts from the cellular genome.