Artificial intelligence-based framework to identify the abnormalities in the COVID-19 disease and other common respiratory diseases from digital stethoscope data using deep CNN.

The utilization of lung sounds to diagnose lung diseases using respiratory sound features has significantly increased in the past few years. The Digital Stethoscope data has been examined extensively by medical researchers and technical scientists to diagnose the symptoms of respiratory diseases. Artificial intelligence-based approaches are applied in the real universe to distinguish respiratory disease signs from human pulmonary auscultation sounds. The Deep CNN model is implemented with combined multi-feature channels (Modified MFCC, Log Mel, and Soft Mel) to obtain the sound parameters from lung-based Digital Stethoscope data. The model analysis is observed with max-pooling and without max-pool operations using multi-feature channels on respiratory digital stethoscope data. In addition, COVID-19 sound data and enriched data, which are recently acquired data to enhance model performance using a combination of L2 regularization to overcome the risk of overfitting because of less respiratory sound data, are included in the work. The suggested DCNN with Max-Pooling on the improved dataset demonstrates cutting-edge performance employing a multi-feature channels spectrogram. The model has been developed with different convolutional filter sizes (1×12, 1×24, 1×36, 1×48, and 1×60) that helped to test the proposed neural network. According to the experimental findings, the suggested DCNN architecture with a max-pooling function performs better to identify respiratory disease symptoms than DCNN without max-pooling. In order to demonstrate the model's effectiveness in categorization, it is trained and tested with the DCNN model that extract several modalities of respiratory sound data.

Modification of large area Cu2O/CuO photocathode with CuS non-noble catalyst for improved photocurrent and stability.

In this work, a three-layered heterostructure Cu2O/CuO/CuS was obtained through a low-cost and large-area fabrication route comprising electrodeposition, thermal oxidation, and reactive annealing in a sulfur atmosphere. Morphological, microstructural, and compositional analysis (AFM, SEM, XRD, EDS, XPS) were carried out to highlight the surface modification of cuprous oxide film after oxidation and subsequent sulfurization. Impedance, voltammetric, and amperometric photoelectrochemical tests were performed on Cu2O, Cu2O/CuO, and Cu2O/CuO/CuS photocathodes in a sodium sulfate solution (pH 5), under 100 mW cm-2 AM 1.5 G illumination. A progressive improvement in terms of photocurrent and stability was observed after oxidation and sulfurization treatments, reaching a maximum of - 1.38 mA cm-2 at 0 V versus RHE for the CuS-modified Cu2O/CuO electrode, corresponding to a ~ 30% improvement. The feasibility of the proposed method was demonstrated through the fabrication of a large area photoelectrode of 10 cm2, showing no significant differences in characteristics if compared to a small area photoelectrode of 1 cm2.

Complete denture with pharyngeal bulb prosthesis.

Velopharyngeal dysfunction is the inability of the soft palate to affect complete seal with the posterior or lateral pharyngeal walls. Rehabilitation of these patients with palatal defects is challenging for both surgical and prosthetic fields of dentistry. The development of sophisticated surgical techniques and procedures has greatly enhanced the rehabilitation of congenital or acquired palatal defects. However, some of these patients may present oral or systemic factors contraindicating surgical intervention. In addition, since total elimination of these defects surgically has not yet become a reality, there exists a patient population for whom non-surgical rehabilitation must be approached with the help of prosthesis and such prosthesis must restore the basic functions of mastication, deglutition and speech production. Here a non-surgical approach of rehabilitation of such defect is presented in the form of a case report of pharyngeal bulb prosthesis given for a patient with a soft palate defect.

Liquid-supported dentures: a soft option-a case report.

Liquid-supported denture technique allows continued adaptation of denture to the mucosa both at resting and functional state. A complete denture prosthesis is unacceptable if it violates the foundation on which it rests. In this case, a technique for fabrication of a complete denture prosthesis that eliminates the disadvantages of tissue conditioners and soft liners (i.e., poor bond strength to acrylic, candidal colonization, etc.) and preserves the remaining tissues is described. Liquid-supported denture can be a permanent solution to some patients with problematic conditions like diabetes, xerostomia, atrophied ridge, and so forth.

Preparation and physico-chemical evaluation of kshiramandura.

Mandura (Iron rust) is known by names lohkitta, malayas, ayomala, meaning waste of iron. Among different formulations prescribed for Parinamashoola (Peptic ulcer), in Ayurvedic classics Kshiramandura (Preparation of Iron rust in Milk) is one. Ancient authorities have given similar recipes of Mandura and these medicines are being successfully administered in the management of Peptic ulcer. In Parinamashoola (Peptic ulcer), Acharya Chakradatta mentioned Kshiramandura, as a formulation prepared by taking 384gms of Mandura Bhasma (Incinerated Iron rust), 3 Kg 73 gm of cow's urine and 768gms of cow's milk, boiled and administered in a dose of 500mg. To establish Physical and Chemical factors present in Mandura before and after purification and incineration, the preparation ofKshira mandura was attempted by adopting Quantitative and Qualitative methods. The drugwas identified by the qualities as described in the classics, viz., unctuous, heavy, hard and black in color and absence of hollow space. Mandura was heated in burning charcoal (600-800° c) and dipped in 5 liters of Cow's urine. This process was repeated 7 times, till the Mandura broke. This purified Mandura was then powdered and triturated with decoction ofTerminalia chebula, Terminalia belerica and Emblica officinalis (Triphala kashaya). Thereafter pellets were prepared and dried. The pellets were then sealed in crucibles and heated 30 times in a special type of furnace with temperature of 1000°c (Gajaputa method) to incinerate Mandura and prepare its ash (Bhasma). Cow's urine and milk were added to this Mandura Bhasma and Kshiramandura was prepared. When analyzed it showed 68.3 5% Ferric oxide, 0.66%MgCO(3) and 1.32% CaCO(3).

Modulating effect of Leptadenia reticulata (Retz) Wight & arn against chromate (VI)-induced immunosuppression and oxidative stress on mouse splenic lymphocytes and bone marrow derived macrophages.

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Leptadenia reticulata (Retz) Wight & arn is mentioned in the ancient ayurvedic literature as an immune booster and rejuvenator. AIMS OF THE STUDY: To investigate, the effects of different forms of the extract of Leptadenia reticulata [Aqueous extract (JAE), Padavashesha kashaya (JPK) and Tarpana kashaya (JTK)] to alleviate the experimental immunosuppression induced by the immunotoxicant chromate (VI) in vitro. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Standard cell proliferation and cytotoxicity assays like MTT assay, trypan blue dye exclusion test, neutral red dye uptake test, NBT reduction test, determination of percentage cell survival and estimation of markers of oxidative stress were performed in the study. The study was conducted on primary cultures of mouse splenic lymphocytes and bone marrow derived macrophages. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Treatment with all the three forms of the extract used in the study offered protection against chromate (VI)-induced immunosuppression and the overall protective effect was found to be superior in the case of the aqueous extract of Leptadenia reticulata (JAE). These results confirm that Leptadenia reticulata acts as a modulator and alleviates the immunosuppressive conditions induced by chromate (VI).